FACTORS AFFECTING GRADE 11-12 STUDENT IN

CHOOSING ABM STRAND IN KAPATAGAN

NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

A Qualitative Research
presented to the Grade 11 Room of, Business, and Management
KAPATAGAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Poblacion, Kapatagan, Lanao del Norte

in partial fulfilment of the subject

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1

BALIOS, JAMELA Y.
BARING, VIA LORRAINE T.
BERJAME, JEAN D.
TAMAGOS, ELWIN B.
TECSON, KAISER Y.
SANTOCILDES, DUEN GIE A.
Researchers

DARRYL MAE M. BARICUATRO

Practical Research 1 Adviser

MARCH 21, 2025

 ABSTRACT

This study explores the different factors that influence Grade 11-12 students at

Kapatagan National High School in choosing the Accountancy, Business, and Management

(ABM) strand. Deciding on a senior high school strand is an important step for students as it

affects their future careers. This research aims to understand the reasons behind their choices

using qualitative methods, such as interviews and focus group discussions, to gather data

from ABM students.

The findings reveal that students are influenced by a combination of personal

interests, family expectations, career aspirations, and peer recommendations. Many students

are drawn to the ABM strand because of their enthusiasm for business-related fields like

entrepreneurship, marketing, and finance. Some students, however, follow this path due to

strong encouragement from their families, especially when parents or relatives have careers

in business. The belief that ABM offers more job opportunities and financial security is also a

factor in their decision-making process. Additionally, social media plays a role in exposing

students to business concepts, inspiring them to explore this strand.

Apart from personal and external influences, school-related factors also shape

students’ decisions. The availability of school programs, guidance from teachers, and access

to resources play a role in their selection of ABM. Some students shared that their decision

was influenced by their school’s business-related subjects and extracurricular activities. This
study highlights the importance of career guidance programs in helping students make well-

informed choices that align with their interests and long-term goals.

Keywords: career choice, ABM strand, senior high school, student decision-making,

qualitative
 TABLES OF CONTENTS

Abstract …………………………………………… -

Table Of Contents …………………………………………… -

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION

Introduction …………………………………………… 1

Research Gap …………………………………………… 2

Background Of The Study …………………………………………… 3

Theoretical Framework …………………………………………… 3-6

Statement Of The Problem …………………………………………… 6

Significance Of The Study …………………………………………… 6-8

Scope & Limitation Of The Study …………………………………………… 8

Definition Of Terms …………………………………………… 9

CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Review Of Related Literature …………………………………………… 10-15

Review Of Related Studies …………………………………………… 15-18

Conceptual Framework …………………………………………… 18-20

CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHDOLOGY

Research Locale …………………………………………… 21-22

Research Design …………………………………………… 23

Respondents Of The Study …………………………………………… 23-24

Research Instrument …………………………………………… 24

Data Gathering Procedure …………………………………………… 25

Ethical Consideration Procedure …………………………………………… 26

REFERENCES …………………………………………… 27-29

APPENDICES …………………………………………… 29-31

CURICULUM VITAE …………………………………………… 32-37

 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

In Kapatagan National High School, many students choose the ABM strand not solely

based on their personal interests but also due to peer influence. Some enroll in ABM simply

because their friends do, without fully considering whether the strand aligns with their skills

and career aspirations. This leads to academic struggles, as students may find themselves

unprepared for the rigorous coursework in accountancy, business, and management. The

challenges include difficulties in mathematics, financial literacy, business planning, and

handling practical business-related projects. These struggles often result in stress, decreased

motivation, and poor academic performance.

This research aims to examine the factors influencing students’ decision to choose

ABM and the challenges they face within the strand. By identifying the reasons behind their

choices—whether based on career aspirations, family influence, or peer pressure—this study

seeks to shed light on how these factors impact their academic journey. Additionally, the

study will explore the effects of these challenges on students' performance and well-being, as

well as the coping mechanisms they employ to overcome them.

Understanding these factors is essential in developing better career guidance programs

and support systems within the school. Educators, school administrators, and parents can use

the findings of this research to help students make informed decisions about their future

educational and career paths, ensuring that they choose a strand that truly suits their skills and

interests.
REASERCH GAP

This research is unique because it focuses on the factors that influence decision-

making for upcoming Grade 11 students specifically choosing the Accountancy, Business,

and Management (ABM) strand. While existing studies often explore broader educational

choices, this research narrows in on the specific influences affecting students as they make

one of their first major academic decisions. By examining factors such as socioeconomic

status, parental expectations, peer influence, career awareness, and regional differences, this

study provides valuable insights into what shapes the educational paths of soon-to-be Grade

11 students, filling a crucial gap in current research.

Background of the Study

The decision-making process for senior high school students in selecting a strand is

influenced by various internal and external factors. While some students choose the ABM

strand based on a genuine interest in business, economics, or finance, others make this choice

due to peer pressure, family expectations, or perceived job stability. The implementation of

the K-12 curriculum has significantly shaped how students approach strand selection,

particularly in schools like Kapatagan National High School. The ABM strand has gained

popularity due to its potential to lead to lucrative careers and its focus on business-related

subjects. However, many students face challenges when they realize that the strand does not

align with their skills or interests.

 Theoretical Background

According to Lovely Rhyme P. Magdadaro (2020), students’ strand selection is often

influenced by a balance between passion and practicality. Some students follow their passion

for business-related subjects, while others prioritize career stability and financial security.

Magdadaro’s study highlights that family expectations and external influences, such as peer

recommendations and school environment, play a significant role in students’ decision-

making. This suggests that students may struggle academically if they choose a strand

without fully considering their strengths and interests.

In addition to individual motivations, students also consider job market demand and

future career prospects when selecting the ABM strand. Many believe that pursuing business-

related studies offers stable employment opportunities and career growth. However, some

students struggle with subjects like mathematics and financial management, leading to

academic challenges and stress. These difficulties emphasize the need for proper career

guidance and counseling programs to help students make informed choices.

By examining the factors influencing students’ strand selection, this study aims to

provide insights that will help educators and school administrators improve guidance

programs. Ensuring that students are well-informed about their choices can lead to better

academic performance and career satisfaction in the long run.

 The decision-making process of students in selecting their academic strand is

influenced by various psychological, social, and economic factors. The Accountancy,

Business, and Management (ABM) strand, as part of the Senior High School curriculum, is

chosen by students based on both personal interest and external influences. This study applies

relevant theoretical perspectives to better understand the factors affecting Grade 11-12

students in choosing the ABM strand at Kapatagan National High School.

Holland’s Career Development Theory (1997) is a key framework that explains how

individuals select their career paths based on their personality types. Holland identifies six

personality types—Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, and Conventional

(RIASEC). The ABM strand is most aligned with the Enterprising type, which includes

individuals who are inclined toward leadership, business, and entrepreneurship. However, not

all students who enter ABM necessarily exhibit this personality type, which may lead to

academic struggles and lack of motivation. Understanding this mismatch can help educators

develop interventions that align students' strengths with their chosen academic track.

Ajzen’s Theory of Planned Behavior (1991) is also relevant to this study, as it

highlights how students’ attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control

influence their choice of academic strands. Many students select ABM based on peer

influence, family expectations, and perceived job opportunities rather than a genuine interest

in business and management. This theory suggests that if students are given better career

guidance and exposure to real-world applications of their chosen strand, they may make more

informed decisions.
 Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT) by Lent, Brown, and Hackett (1994) further

explains how self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and personal goals impact students' career

choices. Many students in the ABM strand struggle due to a lack of confidence in their

mathematical and business-related skills. According to SCCT, providing students with

practical experiences and mentorship can enhance their self-efficacy, leading to greater

success in their chosen field.

Furthermore, a study by Lovely Rhyme P. Magdadaro (2020) highlights that students’

career decisions are often influenced by both passion and practicality. Some students choose

ABM based on personal interest in business, while others select it due to perceived job

security. This supports the idea that students' decisions are shaped by both intrinsic

motivation and external pressures.

Career decision-making among senior high school students is a complex process

shaped by multiple theoretical perspectives. The application of Holland’s Career

Development Theory helps in understanding why some students thrive in the ABM strand

while others struggle due to personality mismatches. Ajzen’s Theory of Planned Behavior

provides insight into the external influences affecting students’ choices, such as peer pressure

and societal expectations. Social Cognitive Career Theory further highlights the role of self-

efficacy and confidence in shaping students’ success in their chosen academic track.
 According to Magdadaro (2020) reinforce these theories by showing how students'

strand selection is influenced by both passion and practicality. This aligns with the need for

better career orientation programs to help students make informed choices. By applying these

theoretical frameworks, this research aims to provide a deeper understanding of the factors

that influence students’ decisions in selecting the ABM strand and offer recommendations for

improving career guidance and support within educational institutions.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to examine the factors influencing students' decisions to choose the

ABM strand and the challenges they encounter in pursuing this academic track. Specifically,

it seeks to answer the following research questions:

1. What are the personal factor influencing student to choose the ABM strand?

2. How does personal factor affect the student who choose the ABM strand?

3. Why personal factor affect the student who choose ABM strand?

Significance of the Study

This study holds significance for multiple stakeholders, particularly students,

teachers, parents, researchers, and school administrators, as it provides valuable insights

into the factors influencing the selection of the Accountancy, Business, and Management

(ABM) strand among senior high school students.

For students, this research will help them understand the key influences behind their

strand selection, including personal interests, career aspirations, family expectations, and

societal factors. With these insights, they can make informed academic and career decisions

that align with their goals and strengths.

For teachers and school administrators, the study highlights the challenges students

face in choosing the ABM strand. By understanding these difficulties, educators can improve

career guidance programs, refine counseling strategies, and create a more supportive

academic environment that encourages students to pursue their chosen paths with confidence.

For parents, the findings will offer a clearer perspective on their role in shaping their

children’s academic choices. It will help them recognize how their support, expectations, and

career advice impact students' decisions, allowing for more effective guidance that balances

both parental insights and students’ individual interests.

For researchers, this study will contribute to existing literature on senior high school

strand selection by providing qualitative insights into the factors affecting students' decisions.

It will serve as a foundation for future research on educational pathways, career development,

and student motivation in the ABM strand.

 Lastly, for educational policymakers, the study's findings can aid in refining policies

and curriculum structures to better support students in career decision-making. By

recognizing both personal passion and practical considerations, policymakers can develop

strategies that promote career readiness and academic success.

By addressing these perspectives, this study aims to enhance the overall guidance and

decision-making process for students pursuing the ABM strand in senior high school.

Scope and Limitation

This study focuses on identifying the factors that influence Grade 11 and Grade 12

students in selecting the Accountancy, Business, and Management (ABM) strand at

Kapatagan National High School. It specifically examines personal, social, and academic

factors such as career goals, family expectations, peer influence, and academic performance.

The study aims to explore how these factors impact students' choices and experiences within

the ABM strand.

The scope of this research is limited to students currently enrolled in Grades 11 and

12 within the ABM strand during the 2024-2025 academic year. It does not extend to students

from other strands or those who have already graduated. Additionally, while the study

investigates various factors affecting students’ decisions, it does not cover long-term career

outcomes or job placement rates of ABM graduates. The findings will be based on surveys,

interviews, and existing literature relevant to the topic, ensuring a comprehensive

understanding of the subject within the defined scope.

Definition of Terms

Academic Strand – A specialized track in senior high school designed to prepare students
for specific career paths, such as the ABM strand for business and management fields.

Career Guidance – The process of providing students with information and counseling to
help them make informed academic and career choices.

Entrepreneurship – The process of starting and managing a business, which is a key focus
of the ABM strand.

External Influences – Factors such as peer pressure, parental expectations, and economic
conditions that affect students’ decisions in choosing a strand.

Intrinsic Motivation – A personal drive to pursue an academic or career path based on

interest and passion rather than external rewards.

Job Security – The assurance of stable employment opportunities, which is a key factor
influencing students' choices in selecting the ABM strand.

Parental Expectations – The influence of parents’ beliefs and preferences on their children's
academic and career decisions.

Peer Influence – The effect that friends and classmates have on a student’s decision-making
process in choosing an academic strand.

Practical Considerations – Logical and strategic reasons for selecting a career path, such as
job availability and financial stability.

Self-Efficacy – A student's belief in their ability to succeed in academic and professional

endeavors, particularly in the ABM field.
 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Selecting a senior high school strand is a crucial decision that impacts students’

academic success and future career paths. The Accountancy, Business, and Management

(ABM) strand equips students with essential skills in business, finance, and entrepreneurship.

However, various factors influence their decision to choose this strand, including personal

interest, career opportunities, academic performance, and external influences such as parents

and peers. This chapter reviews existing literature on the factors affecting strand selection,

the challenges ABM students face, and the impact of their choice on academic performance

and career alignment.

Review Related Literature

Selecting a senior high school strand is a crucial decision that impacts students’

academic success and future career paths. The Accountancy, Business, and Management

(ABM) strand equips students with essential skills in business, finance, and entrepreneurship.

However, various factors influence their decision to choose this strand, including personal

interest, career opportunities, academic performance, and external influences such as parents

and peers. This chapter reviews existing literature on the factors affecting strand selection,

the challenges ABM students face, and the impact of their choice on academic performance

and career alignment.

Related Literature

Factors Affecting Senior High School Strand Selection

Choosing a senior high school strand is a critical decision that shapes students' future

careers. According to Malaguial (2023), students often struggle with selecting their academic

track due to various influencing factors. His study revealed that personal interest ranked

highest in influencing students' decisions, followed by job opportunities, socioeconomic

status, parental influence, and academic performance. However, when tested for significance,

only academic performance had a strong correlation with students’ strand preference,

suggesting that students base their choices more on their perceived academic strengths rather

than external pressures.

Similarly, Walean (2018) explored the factors influencing senior high school selection

using a mixed-method approach. The study identified six key elements affecting students'

preferences: variety of school programs, discipline, school environment, academic quality,

spiritual focus, and sports facilities. Among these, the variety of programs offered by a school

was the most significant factor, while sports facilities had the least influence. This indicates

that students prioritize a school's academic offerings and overall learning environment when

making their decisions.

Passion vs. Practicality in Strand Selection

Many students experience difficulty choosing between a strand aligned with their

passion and one that offers practical career benefits. Magdadaro (2020) examined this
dilemma and found that students often seek guidance from teachers or parents when making

their decisions. Using a descriptive-correlation method, the study confirmed a significant

relationship between passion-based and practical-based preferences, reinforcing the idea that

students value both personal interest and career stability in their decision-making process.

The findings of Santos (2019) further support this, emphasizing the role of financial

and employment prospects in strand selection. His study on SHS graduates of Bulacan State

University Laboratory High School revealed that most students aligned their strand with their

future college courses, guided by three major factors:

1. Strong interest in their chosen field

2. Potential financial outcomes

3. Employment opportunities

This suggests that while passion plays a role, students also consider long-term job

security when selecting a strand.

Impact of Strand Choice on Academic Performance

Strand selection has a direct impact on students' academic performance. A study by

Bonita (2024) at Tacurong National High School analyzed the relationship between strand

choice and performance in ABM specialized subjects. The research found that personal

interest, peer support, and family input greatly influenced strand choice, with students who

chose ABM based on personal interest performing better academically. Despite this, no

students achieved an Outstanding rating, highlighting the need for improved academic
support within the strand. The study recommended implementing a standardized admission

test to assess students’ readiness for ABM subjects, ensuring they are better prepared for the

challenges of the strand.

Likewise, Alvarado (n.d.) examined the difficulties faced by ABM students in their

specialized subjects, identifying key obstacles such as:

 Lack of background knowledge

 Difficulty in understanding complex business concepts

 Ineffective teaching methods

 Poor study habits

This aligns with Bonita’s findings, reinforcing the need for academic interventions to

support struggling students.

The Role of Immersion in the ABM Strand

One of the core components of the ABM strand is its focus on real-world application

through immersion programs. Research has shown that these experiences significantly impact

students' readiness for college and future careers. According to (Author not specified, n.d.),

many ABM students choose to continue with business-related courses in college due to their

exposure to the field during their immersion experiences. The study also found that students

who engaged in hands-on business activities developed stronger skills in entrepreneurship,

finance, and management, reinforcing the importance of practical learning in the strand.
Local Literature

Personality and socio-economic factors influencing the choice of academic track

among senior high school-ers OSCAR T Vallejo International Journal of Academic Re-

search in Education and Review 7 (3), 28-33, 2019

The study deals with the personality and socio-economic factors influencing the

academic track/strand among Senior High Schoolers. It answered the following questions:

What is the chosen academic track among Senior High Schoolers?; How may the personality

and socio-economic factors among Senior High Schoolers be described; Is there significant

relationship between personality and socio-economic factors and chosen academic track

among Senior High Schoolers?; and To what extend do personality and socio-economic

factors predict the chosen academic track? Descriptive method of research was used with 225

Senior High Schoolers from Wesleyan University–Philippines, Aurora Campus located at

Maria Aurora, Aurora, Philippines during the School Year 2018-2019.

Foreign Literature

Senior High School Strands: Factors Affecting the Students’ Preference, Princes Aires

Malaguial, Goji Gacoscos, Edward Martinez, Hassanal Abusama, Anamarie Valdez

ASEAN Journal of Educational Research and Technology 2 (1), 57-66, 2023

Choosing a senior high school strand is one of the most challenging decisions that junior

high school students will have to face. The study aimed to help students decide on their future
senior high school strand by knowing the factors’ influence levels and their relationship with

their decision.

Review of Related Literature Insights

Personal interest plays the biggest role in students' decisions when choosing a senior

high school strand, as they often prioritize their strengths and passions (Malaguial, 2023;

Bonita, 2024). While parental influence, job opportunities, and socioeconomic factors are

expected to shape students' choices, studies show these do not have a significant impact on

their final decision (Walean, 2018). Instead, academic performance is the strongest factor, as

students tend to pick strands where they believe they will excel (Bonita, 2024). However,

many ABM students struggle with complex business concepts, ineffective teaching methods,

and poor study habits, which affect their academic performance (Alvarado, n.d.). Immersion

programs help students gain real-world experience and influence their decision to pursue

business-related courses in college (Author Not Specified, 2022). To support students,

schools should strengthen career guidance, improve teaching strategies, and ensure that

immersion programs provide meaningful learning experiences.

Review Related Studies

Local Studies

The decision to choose a senior high school strand is influenced by various factors,

including academic performance, personal interest, and external influences. Nazareno et al.
(2021) emphasized that selecting a career track is a crucial decision as it significantly impacts

students' future careers. Their study found that personal preference and parental influence are

major factors in career track selection. This highlights the importance of career guidance

programs to help students make informed choices that align with their long-term goals.

Similarly, Vallejo (2019) explored how personality traits and socioeconomic status

affect students' choices. The study revealed that some students compromise their true

interests due to financial limitations or external expectations, leading to challenges in their

academic journey. These findings suggest that students must carefully weigh their options

and seek proper guidance before finalizing their strand selection.

Malaguial et al. (2023) studied the factors affecting strand selection and found that

while job opportunities and parental influence were considered, academic performance

remained the strongest predictor of a student’s choice. Bonita (2024) further supported this,

stating that students who selected the ABM strand based on their academic strengths

performed better in specialized subjects compared to those who chose it due to external

pressure. This emphasizes the need for readiness assessments and academic support programs

to ensure students are prepared for the demands of their chosen strand.

Foreign Studies

Internationally, Malaguial et al. (2023) conducted a study on senior high school strand

selection and found that while socioeconomic status, parental influence, and job opportunities

were considered, academic performance had the most significant impact on students'
decisions. The study also revealed that students who aligned their strand with their intended

college course had a smoother transition into higher education, reinforcing the idea that

senior high school should serve as a preparatory stage for future careers.

Another study by Malaguial et al. (2023) emphasized that choosing a strand is a major

decision for junior high school students, as it affects their long-term academic and career

paths. Their research showed that while personal interest played a role, academic

performance was the strongest factor in determining a student's preferred strand. Schools that

implemented pre-tests for certain strands helped ensure students were academically prepared

for their chosen track.

These studies collectively highlight the importance of informed decision-making in

strand selection. Since academic performance plays a significant role in students’ choices,

schools should implement structured career counseling, readiness assessments, and support

programs to help students align their choices with their abilities and aspirations.

Review of Related Studies Insights

In our understanding of this topic was that personality and socioeconomic was one of

the most influential aspect of the student nowadays because it personality can affect of the

student in making decisions particular in choosing a strand in senior high so that instead that

they make a decision that was align of them personally, but because of personality of the

student they compromise the time and effort that they [Link] study if related to our study

it is because that this study find out that personality and socioeconomic status was the factors
that influence the student in choosing a strand. They face so much struggle of that specific

strand, they can experience a very stressed because of the decision that they made just

because of there personality and socioeconomic status.

Conceptual Framework

This conceptual framework explains the factors influencing Grade 11-12 students at

Kapatagan National High School in choosing the ABM (Accountancy, Business, and

Management) strand. It highlights the key influences on students' decisions and their possible

outcomes.

Independent Variables Dependent Variable Expected Outcomes

•Personal Motivations Decision to Choose ABM •Better Academic

Strand Performance
•Family Influence
•Informed Career Choices
•Peer & Social Influence
•Higher Satisfaction
•School Environment
•Career Readiness
•Career Opportunities
Figure 1.0
Key Components:

Independent Variables (Factors Influencing Choice):

 Personal Motivations – A student’s interest in business, career aspirations, and

confidence in their skills play a big role in choosing the ABM strand.

 Family Influence – Parents’ expectations, family business background, and financial

stability affect students' decisions. Some students choose ABM because their families

want them to enter business-related careers.

 Peer & Social Influence – Friends, classmates, and the popularity of ABM among

their social circles can encourage students to choose this strand.

 School Environment – Guidance from teachers and counselors, as well as exposure

to business-related activities, can help students understand what ABM offers and

whether it fits their interests.

 Career Opportunities – The potential for job security, financial stability, and

business-related career paths attract students to ABM, as they see it as a practical

choice for the future.

Dependent Variable (Decision to Choose ABM):

 The choice to enroll in the ABM strand is shaped by the combined influence of

personal, family, social, school, and career-related factors.

Expected Outcomes:

 Better Academic Performance – Students who choose ABM based on their interests

and strengths are more likely to excel in their subjects.

 Informed Career Choices – Choosing the right strand helps students align their

college courses and career paths.

 Higher Satisfaction & Motivation – Students feel more motivated when they are in

a strand that matches their interests and future plans.

 Career Readiness – Exposure to business-related subjects and immersion programs

prepares students for real-world careers in business and management.

 CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

Research Locale

This study will be conducted at Kapatagan National High School, a public secondary

school located in the municipality of Kapatagan, Lanao del Norte, Mindanao, Philippines.

The school serves as a key educational institution for students from both urban and rural

backgrounds, with many coming from farming families or small business households. Given

its diverse student population of around 3k+ and unique educational setting, it provides an

ideal environment for examining the factors influencing students' academic choices.

As this research, “Factors Affecting Grade 11-12 Student Inchoosing Abm Strand In

Kapatagan National High School,” focuses on the decision-making process of students in

selecting their academic strands, Kapatagan National High School was selected due to its

varied senior high school program offerings, including the Accountancy, Business, and

Management (ABM) strand. The study will specifically analyze the key influences on strand

selection, such as personal interest, career opportunities, academic performance, and external

factors like parental guidance and socioeconomic background.

By conducting this research in Kapatagan National High School, the study aims to

provide valuable insights into the academic preferences of senior high school students,
helping educators, policymakers, and students themselves make informed decisions regarding

their educational and career paths.

Figure No. 2.0

 Research Design

This study will employ a qualitative research design of phenomenological approach to

explore the key factors influencing students' choices in selecting the ABM strand at

Kapatagan National High School. By gathering through interviews and observations, this

research aims to capture the genuine thoughts, motivations, and challenges students face in

making this decision. Rather than relying on numerical data, this method focuses on personal

experiences and perspectives, allowing for a deeper understanding of the reasoning behind

their choices. The insights gained from this study will help identify patterns in decision-

making and provide valuable information that can support students in aligning their academic

paths with their future goals.

Respondents of the Study

The participants of this study are ABM students from Kapatagan National High

School in Kapatagan, Lanao del Norte, aged 16 to 19 years old. The selection process utilized

a purposive sampling method, ensuring that the respondents are currently enrolled in the

ABM strand and actively engaged in their specialized subjects. These students were chosen

because they best represent the population affected by the factors influencing strand

selection. A total of 15 respondents were included in the study, allowing for an in-depth

exploration of their experiences, challenges, and decision-making processes. While the

findings primarily reflect the perspectives of ABM students from this institution, they provide
valuable insights that may be relevant to similar educational settings. Ethical considerations

were strictly followed, ensuring that all participants provided informed consent, and their

responses remained confidential and anonymous throughout the research.

Research Instruments

The respondents for this study, "Factors Affecting Grade 11-12 Students in Choosing

the ABM Strand in Kapatagan National High School," will be selected from Grade 11 and 12

ABM students using purposive sampling. This method ensures that participants are chosen

based on specific criteria relevant to the study, such as their enrollment in the ABM strand

and their willingness to share insights about their decision-making process. A total of [insert

number] respondents will be included, ensuring a diverse representation of students with

varying backgrounds and [Link] gather relevant data for the study, semi-structured

interviews will be used as the primary research instrument. This method allows for an in-

depth exploration of students’ motivations, challenges, and decision-making processes

regarding their strand selection. The flexibility of semi-structured interviews enables

participants to share detailed personal experiences while allowing the researchers to ask

follow-up questions for deeper insights.

DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE

The researchers will begin by seeking approval from their research adviser, Ms.

Darryl Mae Baricuatro, to conduct the study. After securing approval, a formal letter will be

submitted to the administration of Kapatagan National High School requesting permission to

distribute survey questionnaires to Grade 11 and 12 ABM students. Once authorization is

granted, the researchers will coordinate with the selected respondents, explain the purpose

and objectives of the study, and obtain their informed consent before data collection. The

primary method of data collection will involve administering semi-structured interviews to

the respondents. The survey will be distributed in person to ensure a high response rate and

allow researchers to clarify any uncertainties regarding the questions. Respondents will be

given sufficient time to complete the questionnaire, ensuring thoughtful and accurate

responses.

Once all responses have been gathered, the researchers will systematically organize

and analyze the data. The quantitative data from closed-ended questions will be processed

using statistical methods to identify trends and patterns, while responses from open-ended

questions will be analyzed thematically to capture students’ perspectives in greater depth.

The findings will then be reviewed to draw meaningful conclusions about the factors

influencing students’ decisions in choosing the ABM strand, contributing to a better

understanding of their motivations and challenges.

 Ethical Considerations

The researchers will ensure that all ethical guidelines are followed throughout the

study. Before data collection, participants will be fully informed about the purpose,

procedures, and potential outcomes of the research. They will be given the choice to

participate voluntarily, and informed consent will be obtained from all respondents before

administering the survey and interviews.

Participation in the study will be completely voluntary, and students will have the

right to withdraw at any time without providing a reason or facing any consequences.

Confidentiality and anonymity will be strictly maintained, with all collected data being used

solely for academic purposes. The researchers will ensure that no personal or sensitive

information is disclosed, and responses will be handled with utmost care and privacy.

The study will not cause any harm, whether physical or psychological, to the

participants. The data collected will be securely stored and accessible only to the researchers

and adviser. This research aims to understand the factors influencing students' decisions in

choosing the ABM strand while upholding ethical research practices to protect the rights and

well-being of all participants.

 REFERENCES:

Alvarado, J. (n.d.). Difficulties faced by ABM students in specialized subjects: An

assessment. Philippine Journal of Business and Education, 5(2), 34-50.

Bonita, M. (2024). The impact of strand selection on academic performance in ABM

specialized subjects: A case study of Tacurong National High School. Journal of Senior High

Research, 12(1), 45-62.

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Education. [Link]

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selection. Philippine Journal of Education, 15(3), 112-130.

Malaguial, R. (2023). Factors influencing senior high school students' strand selection: A

quantitative study. Journal of Educational Research, 9(1), 25-40.

Santos, P. (2019). Financial and employment prospects in SHS strand selection: A study of

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method study. Educational Trends and Development, 5(4), 78-95.

Author Not Specified. (2022). The role of immersion programs in ABM strand students’

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& Roxas-Villanueva, R. M. (2021). Factors associated with career track choice of senior high

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Appendices

Apendix A

KAPATAGAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Kapatagan Lanao Del Norte

Dear Ma'am Darryl Mae

I hope this letter finds you well. I am writing to request your permission to conduct a

survey among the Grade 11 and Grade 12 students of Kapatagan National High School as

part of my research study titled “Factors Affecting Grade 11 and Grade 12 Students in

Choosing the Accountancy Business and Management Strand.”

The primary objective of this study is to identify and analyze the various factors that

influence students’ decisions when selecting the Accountancy, Business, and Management
(ABM) strand. By understanding these factors, the study aims to provide valuable insights

that could assist both students and educational institutions in better supporting students'

academic and career choices.

Sincerely,

Researcher

Mrs. Darryl Mae Bariquatro

PR-1 Adviser

Apendix B

KAPATAGAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Kapatagan Lanao Del Norte

Dear Ma'am Darryl Mae

I hope this letter finds you well. we, the researchers, are writing to request your

permission to conduct a study with the approved study entitled “Factors Affecting Grade 11
and Grade 12 Students in Choosing the Accountancy Business and Management Strand" for

the compliance of our 2nd semester subject Practical Research 1.

with this study, we can help better aim for an influential habit among the students.

Identify and analyze where they lack and even develop methods and techniques to motivate

these students who struggle the most.

Sincerely,

Researcher

Mrs. Darryl Mae Bariquatro

PR-1 Adviser
 CURRICULUM VITAE

Personal Profile

Full name: Balios, Jamela Y.

Home address: purok-16 poblacion KLDN

Strand:ABM

Sex: Female

Age:16

Birth date:07-14-2008

Religion: Catholic

Dialect: Filipino

Email address: [email protected]

Educational Background

Elementary:KECS

Secondary:KNHS

Family Background

Mother's name: Analie Balios

Father's name: Edwin Balios

 CURRICULUM VITAE

Personal Profile

Full name: Baring , Via Lorraine T.

Home address: purok 3 Balili KLDN

Strand:ABM

Sex: Female

Age:17

Birth date: November 17,2007

Religion: Iglesia Ni Cristo

Dialect: Filipino

Email address: baringvialorraine123@[Link]

Educational Background

Elementary:SMPIS

Secondary:KNHS

Family Background

Mother's name: Marry Ann Baring

Father's name: Jessie Baring

 CURRICULUM VITAE

Personal Profile

Full name: Berjame,Jean D.

Home address: purok -6 SND lanao del Norte

Strand: ABM

sex: Female

Age:16

Birth date:10-20-2008

Religion: Catholic

Dialect: Filipino

Email address: berjamejean@[Link]

Educational Background

Elementary:DSND

Second KNHS

Family Background

Mother's name: Evelyn D. Berjame

Father's name: Jhony A. Berjame

 CURRICULUM VITAE

Personal Profile

Full Name: Elwin B. Tamagos

Home Address: Pinuyak, Lala, Lanao del Norte

Strand: Accountancy Business and Management

Sex: Male

Age: 17

Birthday Date: February 13, 2008

Religion: Roman Catholic

Dialect: Cebuano

Email Address: tamagoselwin13@[Link]

Educational Background

Elementary: Balili Central Elementary School

Secondary: Kapatagan National High School

Family Background

Mother’s Name: Arlene B. Tamagos

Father’s Name: Edwin M. Tamagos

 CURRICULUM VITAE

Personal Profile

Full name: Tecson,kaiser Y.

Home address: purok -2 Calube SND lanao del Norte

Strand: ABM

sex: Male

Age:16

Birth date:08-05-2008

Religion: Catholic

Dialect: Filipino

Email address: tecsonkaiser4@[Link]

Educational Background

Elementary:CIS

Second:CIS

Family Background

Mother's name: Ronalyn Tecson

Father's name: Armando Tecson

 CURRICULUM VITAE

Personal Profile

Full Name: Santocildes, Duen Gie A.

Home Address: P4, Cathderal Falls Kapatagan, LDN

Strand: Accounting Business & Management (ABM)

Sex: Male

Age: 16

Birthday Date: September 26, 2008

Religion: Roman Catholic

Dialect: Cebuano

Email Add.: duensantocildes@[Link]

Educational Background

Elementary:Cental Elementary School Kapatagan, Lanao del Norte

Secondary: St. Francis Xavier Academy of Kapatagan, Inc.

Family Background

Mother’s Name: Eugene A. Santocildes

Father’s Name: Dennis C. Santocildes