11th Grade

INTRODUCTION
TO FUNCTIONS
Representation of
Functions
Ms. Mary Divine Esmen
Introduction
In this lesson, we will learn how one quantity depends on
another quantity. Functions can be seen everywhere in
different situations. When you are paying for the electric bill
depending on the kilowatt hour (kWh), paying for the fare
depending on how far you traveled, charge for the number of
text messages you sent, and other situations that involve two
quantities.

At the end of this module, you will be able to:

a) Represent real-life situations using piecewise function; and
b) Solve problems involving functions.
 11th Grade

Recall of
Functions and
Relation
R
E
L
A
T
I
O
N
S
H
I
P
RELATION
➢ a rule that relates values from a set of values (called domain) to a second
set of values (called range). In short, it refers to any set of ordered pairs
(𝒙, 𝒚).

Example: {(2,3), (-1,5), (4,-2), (9,9), (0,-6)}

❑ DOMAIN - is the set of all x values in the relation.

{-1,0,2,4,9}

❑ RANGE - is the set of all y values in the relation

{-6,-2,3,5,9}

➢ There are three types of relation: one-to-one, many-to-one, one-to-many

One-to-one relation assigns the x’s with y’s

1
2
2 4
3
6
4 8
5 10

This relation can be written {(1,6), (2,2), (3,4), (4,8), (5,10)}

Many-to-one relation assigns the x’s with y’s

1
2
2 4
3
6
4 8
5 10

This relation can be written {(1,6), (2,6), (3,6), (4,6), (5,6)}

 One-to-many relation assigns the x’s with y’s

1
2
2 4
3
6
4 8
5 10

This relation can be written {(1,2), (1,8), (2,4), (3,8), (4,6), (5,10)}
FUNCTIONS
➢ a relation where each element 𝒙 in the domain is related to only one
value 𝒚 in the range by some rules.
➢ a relation such that no two or more different y-values should have the
same x-value.

Example: {(1,6), (2,7), (3,8), (4,9), (5,10)}

➢ A good example that you can “relate” to is students in our Math class.

❑ DOMAIN 𝒙 : Students
❑ RANGE 𝒚 : Scores
 One-to-one relation assigns the x’s with y’s

Kenneth
12
Anthony
7
Aeron
10
Jimwel 15
Jaymark 20

✓ Must use all the x’s

✓ The x value can only be assigned to one y
✓ FUNCTION
 Many-to-one relation assigns the x’s with y’s

Kenneth
12
Anthony
7
Aeron
10
Jimwel 15
Jaymark 20

✓ Must use all the x’s

✓ The x value can only be assigned to one y
✓ FUNCTION
 One-to-many relation assigns the x’s with y’s

Kenneth
12
Anthony
7
Aeron
10
Jimwel 15
Jaymark 20

✓ Must use all the x’s

❑ The x value can only be assigned to one y
❑ FUNCTION
 Kenneth
12
Anthony
7
Aeron
10
Jimwel 15
Jaymark 20

❑ Must use all the x’s

✓ The x value can only be assigned to one y
❑ FUNCTION
Representation
of Functions
FUNCTIONS
➢ can often be used in model real-life situation, like in identifying an
appropriate functional model that leads to a better understanding of
various phenomena.
➢ were commonly called by letters, because function starts with "𝑓", it

is a commonly used letter to refer functions.

Example/s:
Give a function 𝑪 that represents the cost (𝒙) of buying meals, if one
meal costs ₱40.00.
Let 𝑥 = number of meals bought
𝐶 𝑥 = cost of meals
𝐶 𝑥 = 40𝑥
FUNCTIONS
➢ can often be used in model real-life situation, like in identifying an
appropriate functional model that leads to a better understanding of
various phenomena.
➢ were commonly called by letters, because function starts with "𝑓", it

is a commonly used letter to refer functions.

Example/s:
Aling Selya sells eggs in her small business and each egg costs ₱6.00.
Represent total cost of eggs 𝑓(𝑒) where 𝑒 is the number of eggs.
Let 𝑒 = number of eggs bought
𝑓 𝑒 = cost of eggs bought
𝑓 𝑒 = 6𝑒
Piecewise Functions
➢ It is a function defined by multiple sub-functions, where each sub-
function applies a certain interval of the main function’s domain.

Example/s:
A jeepney passenger pays ₱8.00 for the first 5 kilometers as fare, and an
additional of ₱0.50 for every succeeding distance (𝒙) in kilometers. What
will be the function rule for this situation?
Let 𝑥 = total distance traveled
𝑓 𝑥 = total amount of fare
8, 𝑥 ≤ 5
𝑓 𝑥 =ቊ
8 + 0.5 𝑥 − 5 , 𝑥 > 5
Piecewise Functions
➢ It is a function defined by multiple sub-functions, where each sub-
function applies a certain interval of the main function’s domain.

Example/s:
A user is charged ₱799.00 monthly for a particular mobile plan, which
includes 150 free text messages. Messages in excess of 150 are charged
₱2.00 each. Represent the amount a consumer pays each month as a
function of the number of messages 𝒎 sent in a month.
Let m= number of messages sent in a month
t(m)= amount paid by the consumer each month
799, 𝑚 ≤ 150
𝑡 𝑚 =ቊ
799 + 2 𝑚 − 150 , 𝑚 > 150
Piecewise Functions
➢ It is a function defined by multiple sub-functions, where each sub-
function applies a certain interval of the main function’s domain.

Example/s:
A lechon manok store sells ₱225.00 per whole-grilled chicken for the first
5 pieces. If a customer buys more than 5 pieces, there will be a discount
of ₱10.00 for each exceeding number of chickens. What is the function
rule that describes the price of chicken?
Let x= number of chickens bought
f(x)= price of the chickens bought
225𝒙, 𝑥 ≤ 5
𝑓 𝑥 =ቊ
225𝒙 − 10 𝑥 − 5 , 𝑥 > 5
a) Write a function rule
for the problem.
b) How much will he
pay if he left at 5:00
pm?
c) How much will he
pay if he left 7:00
pm?
Examples
1. Gabriel has Rent-a-bicycle business, it would charge ₱100.00 for the first two (2) hours
and additional ₱40.00 for every additional hour (regardless a full hour or a fraction of an
hour).
a) Write a function rule for the problem.
b) How much will be charged if you will rent a bicycle for 4 hours.
c) How much will be charged if you will rent a bicycle from 1:00 PM to 5:30 PM?

Solution:
let 𝑥 – total number of hours you rent a bicycle
𝑓 𝑥 – total charge for renting a bicycle

100, 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 ≤ 2
a) 𝑓 𝑥 =ቊ
100 + 40 𝑥 − 2 , 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 > 2
Examples
b) How much will be charged if you will rent a bicycle for 4 hours.
c) How much will be charged if you will rent a bicycle from 1:00 PM to 5:30 PM?

100, 𝑓𝑜𝑟 0 < 𝑥 ≤ 2

𝑓 𝑥 =ቊ
100 + 40 𝑥 − 2 , 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 > 2

𝑏) 𝑓 𝑥 = 100 + 40 𝑥 − 2 ; 𝑥 = 4 𝑐) 𝑓 𝑥 = 100 + 40 𝑥 − 2 ; 𝑥 = 5
= 100 + 40 4 − 2 = 100 + 40 5 − 2
= 100 + 40 2 = 100 + 40 3
= 100 + 80 = 100 + 120
= 180 = 220

∴ 𝑌𝑜𝑢 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑏𝑒 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑑 ₱180 𝑖𝑓 𝑦𝑜𝑢 ∴ 𝑌𝑜𝑢 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑏𝑒 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑑 ₱220 𝑖𝑓 𝑦𝑜𝑢
𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑖𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 4 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠. 𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑖𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 1: 00𝑝𝑚 𝑡𝑜 5: 30𝑝𝑚.
Examples
2. A proposed train fare would require a passenger to pay ₱20.00 for the first 5 kilometers
and ₱0.75 for each additional kilometer over the proposed fare.
a) Find the fare function f(x) where x represents the number of kilometers traveled.
b) Find the proposed fare for a distance of 45 km.

Solution:
let 𝑥 – number of kilometers travelled
𝑓 𝑥 – total fare

20, 𝑓𝑜𝑟 0 < 𝑥 ≤ 5

a) 𝑓 𝑥 =ቊ
20 + 0.75 𝑥 − 5 , 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑥 > 5

b) 𝑓 𝑥 = 20 + 0.75 𝑥 − 5 ; 𝑥 = 45
= 20 + 0.75 45 − 5
= 20 + 0.75 40
= 20 + 30 ∴ 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑓𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑎
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 45𝑘𝑚 𝑖𝑠 ₱50.
= 50
 11th Grade

INTRODUCTION
TO FUNCTIONS
Representation of
Functions
Ms. Mary Divine Esmen
ACTIVITY#1
1) A mall charges ₱25.00 for the first hour or a fraction
of an hour as a parking fee. An additional ₱15.00 is
charged for every additional hour, or a fraction of an
hour of parking. The parking area operates from 7:00
AM until 12:00 midnight every day.
a) Write a function rule for the problem.
b) How much will be charged to a car owner who
parked a car from 7:00 AM to 1:30 PM?
c) How much will be charged to a car owner who
parked a car from 8:30 AM to 11:30 PM?
ACTIVITY#1
2) Dzaimitan Clothing offers a rent-a-gown. To rent a
gown, ₱1,200.00 is charged as a fee for the first 8 hours.
An additional charge of ₱100.00 per hour or a fraction
of it exceeding 8 hours. Write the function rule for this
situation.
Congratulations!