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02 - Qualitative Analysis

The document discusses the differences between quantitative and qualitative analysis in chemistry, highlighting methods to determine the amount of chemicals and the presence of specific substances. It covers techniques such as flame tests, solution color analysis, and selective precipitation to identify metal ions and their concentrations. Additionally, it includes practical exercises for students to apply these concepts in identifying unknown solutions and compounds.

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41 views12 pages

02 - Qualitative Analysis

The document discusses the differences between quantitative and qualitative analysis in chemistry, highlighting methods to determine the amount of chemicals and the presence of specific substances. It covers techniques such as flame tests, solution color analysis, and selective precipitation to identify metal ions and their concentrations. Additionally, it includes practical exercises for students to apply these concepts in identifying unknown solutions and compounds.

Uploaded by

ancitye
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Chemistry 20

Unit D: Quantitative Relationships in


Chemical Changes
Qualitative Analysis

© 2021 Edmonton Public Schools Field Validation Draft June 2021


Quantitative Versus Qualitative Analysis
Quantitative analysis is any method used to determine the amount of
chemical present in a sample.
● Quantitative analysis involves measurements, such as mass and
concentration.
Qualitative analysis is any method used to determine whether a particular
substance is present in a sample.
● Qualitative analysis includes analysis of flame colour, solution colour and
selective precipitation reactions.
Flame Colour
Many metal atoms and ions have a distinct flame colour when heated.

Copper Strontium Lithium Sodium Lead


Flame Colour
Flame tests can be used to identify the
presence of particular metal atoms and ions.
● The metal itself or the solution
containing the metal ions can be placed
in a colourless flame and the colour
observed.
● Flame colours of common metals are
listed on page 6 of the Alberta Chemistry
Data Booklet.
Try It!
A student has four solutions that the labels have fallen off of. The solutions
are calcium chloride, sodium sulfate, potassium hydroxide and barium
carbonate. Outline how the student could use flame tests to identify the
solutions.
Solution Colour
Many solutions have a visible colour because different ions absorb and reflect
different wavelengths of light.
● The intensity of the solution’s colour is affected by the concentration.

Cobalt(II) Chloride Solutions Copper(II) Chloride Solutions Iron(III) Chloride Solutions


Solution Colour
Analysis of solution colour can be used to identify
the presence of particular ions.
● Colours of common aqueous ions are listed
on page 11 of the Alberta Chemistry Data
Booklet.
Try It!
A lab technician has three unlabelled test tubes, each containing a solution
with a different metal ion. One solution is lime green, one is pale orange and
one is pale blue. Identify possible metal ions present in each solution.
Selective Precipitation
Selective precipitation involves adding particular ions to a
solution to precipitate one or more ions in the solution.
● The results of the precipitation reaction indicate which
ions are present in the solution.
● For example, sodium sulfate solution could be added to
a test solution to determine if it contains calcium ions or
copper(I) ions.
○ Sulfate ions will form a precipitate with calcium ions,
but not with copper(I) ions.
Lead(II) Iodide Precipitate
Try It!
A student has a solution containing calcium ions, copper(I) ions and nickel(II)
ions. In what order must solutions of sodium chloride, sodium sulfate and
sodium phosphate be added to the original solution in order to precipitate the
calcium ions first, the copper(I) ions second and the nickel(II) ions last?
Try It!
Outline a series of qualitative tests that can be used to distinguish between
the following compounds: sodium carbonate, copper(I) nitrate, sodium sulfate
and nickel(II) chloride.
References
Alberta Education. (2010). Chemistry Data Booklet.
[Link]

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