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Basic Structure of Computer Notes

The document outlines the basic structure of desktop computers, detailing components such as input/output devices, CPU, RAM, and storage. It explains CPU organization, instruction formats, ALU functions, I/O systems, bus types, and addressing modes, as well as control unit organization and instruction cycles. Additionally, it distinguishes between hardwired and microprogrammed control units and describes the role of the microprogram sequencer.

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22 views2 pages

Basic Structure of Computer Notes

The document outlines the basic structure of desktop computers, detailing components such as input/output devices, CPU, RAM, and storage. It explains CPU organization, instruction formats, ALU functions, I/O systems, bus types, and addressing modes, as well as control unit organization and instruction cycles. Additionally, it distinguishes between hardwired and microprogrammed control units and describes the role of the microprogram sequencer.

Uploaded by

aditya.paithankarcse2023
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Basic Structure of Computer - Quick Notes

1. Structure of Desktop Computers:

- Components: Input (keyboard, mouse), Output (monitor, printer), CPU, RAM, HDD/SSD, Motherboard, Ports,

Software.

2. CPU & General Register Organization:

- Registers: MAR, MDR, IR, PC, Accumulator, R1-Rn.

- Instruction Register: Holds current instruction.

- Control Word: Binary signals controlling operations.

- Stack: LIFO structure using PUSH & POP.

3. Instruction Format:

- Opcode + Operand(s) + Address.

- Example: ADD R1, R2.

4. ALU:

- Performs arithmetic (+,-,*,/) and logical (AND, OR, NOT) operations.

5. I/O System:

- Interfaces for device communication: ports, controllers, drivers.

6. Bus & Memory:

- Types: Data Bus, Address Bus, Control Bus.

- Program Counter: Points to next instruction.

- Bus transfers data; Memory transfers use MAR, MDR.

7. Register Transfer Language (RTL):

- Example: R1 <- R2 means move data from R2 to R1.

8. Addressing Modes:

- Immediate, Direct, Indirect, Register, Indexed.

9. Control Unit Organization:


- Instruction Types: Data Transfer, Arithmetic, Logical, Control.

- Microinstruction: Specifies control signals + next address.

10. Instruction Cycle:

- Fetch -> Decode -> Execute -> Store -> Update PC.

11. Control Units:

- Hardwired: Fixed circuits (fast but rigid).

- Microprogrammed: Uses microinstructions (flexible, slow).

12. Microprogram Sequencer:

- Controls microinstruction sequence.

- Control Memory stores microinstructions.

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