Commo

n First
Apply
Basic
First Aid

Name: Stefesha Miles

Sub-Topic: Apply Basic First Aid
Institution: Distinction College
Instructors: Mr. Charles Bryan
Date: November 2024
 Table of Content
Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………….
Acknowledgment…………………………………………………………………………………
Apply Basic First Aid…………………………………………………………….…….…………
Bleeding…………………………………….…………………………………..…………………
Breathing difficulties……………………………………………………..…………...…………..
Burns & Scalds……………………………………………………………………………………..
Choking……………………………………………………………………………………………..
Diarrhoea………………………………………………………………………………………........
Dislocation………………………………………………………………………………………….
Fainting……………………………………………………………………………………………..
Heart Attack…………………………………………………………………………………….......
Heat Exhaustion…………………………………….………………………………………………
Heat Stoke……………………………….………………………………………………………….
Insect Bites and Sting………………...……………………………………………………………..
Poisoning…………….……....……………………………………………………………………..
Seizure………………….…………………………………………………………………………...
Shock………………….…………………………………………………………………………….
Sprains……………….……………………………………………………………………………...
Stoke…………………….………………………………………………………………………….
Vomiting…………….……………………………………………………………………………...
Glossary……………………………………………………………………………….……………
Bibliography………………………………………………………………………………………..
 Apply Basic First Aid

Bleeding

Arterial Bleeding: Arterial bleeding occurs when an artery is damaged. This causes blood to
come out in red color, especially due to the high oxygen content.

Arterial Bleeding Treatments

Use direct pressure on an artery along with elevation and direct pressure on the wound. There are
specific major arteries in the body where pressure should be placed. When you apply pressure to
an artery, you stop bleeding by pushing the artery against bone.

Deeper Cuts

It is also called a laceration. A cut may be deep, smooth, or jagged. It may be near the surface of
the skin, or deeper.

Treating a Deep Cut

Once the bleeding has stopped, wash the cut and skin around it. Use warm water and mild soap,
and be gentle. If the cut is deep, it might start to bleed again if you're not careful. Re-apply
pressure if the bleeding starts again.
Nose bleed

A nosebleed can be caused by a range of factors, including: fragile blood vessels that bleed
easily, perhaps in warm dry air or after exercise.

Treatments for Nose bleed

Apply finger and thumb pressure on the soft part of nostrils below the bridge of the nose for at
least 10 minutes.

Small Cuts

What are small cuts and scrapes? Most cuts and scrapes are minor injuries that can be treated at
home. Small cuts and scrapes are often viewed as part of childhood and growing up.

Treatment for Small Cuts

For minor small cuts and scrapes, covering with an adhesive bandage is crucial. It ensures that
the wound stays protected from further damage and infection, while also keeping the injury dry
to aid with healing.
Breathing difficulties

Shortness of breath (dyspnea) is most commonly caused by heart or lung conditions. Other
causes include anemia, anxiety, lack of exercise or living with obesity.

Treatments for Breathing difficulties

In severe cases of difficulty breathing, hospitalization may be required. Many different

medications, aimed at treating the cause of breathing difficulty, may be used in treatment.

Burns & Scalds

Clothes on Fire

If your clothes or someone else's clothes catch on fire, DO NOT run; stop, drop, and roll until the
fire goes out and then call 911. Never remove any clothing stuck to a person's body.

What is the first aid treatment for clothing on fire?

Immediately treat the area with cool running water (e.g. from a cold tap) for 20 minutes. Only
apply the water to the burned area. Keep the patient warm with a blanket or by holding the
patient so that only the burned area is under the water and your body heat is keeping the rest of
them war
Severe Burns

Severe burns are a medical emergency causing skin and tissue damage due to heat, electricity,
radiation or chemicals.

Treatments for Severe Burns

Cool the burn with cool or lukewarm running water for 20 minutes as soon as possible after the
injury. Never use ice, iced water, or any creams or greasy substances like butter. Keep yourself
or the person warm.

Minor Burns

First-degree burn, also called superficial burn. This minor burn affects only the outer layer of the
skin, which is called the epidermis.

How to treat a first-degree, minor burn

Cool the burn. Immediately immerse the burn in cool tap water or apply cold, wet compresses.
Do this for about 10 minutes or until the pain subsides
Choking

Choking is caused when a foreign object, like a hard lump of food, a marble or false teeth goes
into the trachea instead of the oesophagus (food pipe).

First Aid Treatment for Choking

Bend the person over at the waist to face the ground. Strike five separate times between the
person's shoulder blades with the heel of your hand. Give five abdominal thrusts.

Dislocation

A dislocation is a separation of two bones where they meet at a joint. This injury can be very
painful and can temporarily deform and immobilize the joint.

First Aid Treatments for Dislocation

The most important treatment for a dislocation is putting your joint back in its correct place.
Your healthcare provider might call this a relocation, manipulation or a closed reduction. They'll
carefully push and pull on the dislocated joint to move it back into alignment.
Diarrhea

The most common cause of diarrhea is the stomach flu (viral gastroenteritis). This mild viral
infection most often goes away on its own within a few days.

First Aid treatments for Diarrhea

Drink plenty of fluids — rehydrate as much as you can since most of the fluids will be released
or spent while having diarrhoea. Electrolytes and salts may also be affected so an intake of
solutions that contain and replenish what's lost may help

Electrocution

What is Electrocution?
Electrocution is death or severe injury caused by electric shock from electric current passing
through the body. The word is derived from "electro" and "execution", but it is also used for
accidental death.
First Aid Treatment for Electrocution
Turn off the source of electricity, if possible. If not, use a dry, non-conducting object made of
cardboard, plastic or wood to move the source away from you and the injured person.
Fainting?

Fainting, or passing out, is a temporary loss of consciousness from a sudden decrease of blood
flow to your brain. It usually lasts seconds or minutes.

First Aid treatments for Fainting

Position the person on the back. If there are no injuries and the person is breathing, raise the
person's legs above heart level if possible. Prop up the person's legs about 12 inches (30
centimetres).

Heart Attack

A heart attack (myocardial infarction) is a medical emergency where your heart muscle begins to
die because it isn't getting enough blood flow.
First Aid treatments for Heart Attack
A heart attack is a medical emergency that needs care right away to prevent permanent heart
damage or death. Treatment often begins in the ambulance if you call 911, or in the emergency
room if someone else takes you to the hospital. Aspirin to stop blood clotting that may make the
heart attack worse. Other antiplatelet drugs, such as clopidogrel (Plavix), prasugrel (Effient), or
ticagrelor (Brilinta) to stop clotting. Thrombolytic therapy (“clot busters”) to dissolve blood clots
in your heart's arteries or any combination of these
Heat Exhaustion

Heat exhaustion is a heat-related illness characterized by the body's inability to effectively cool
itself, typically occurring in high ambient temperatures or during intense physical exertion.

First Aid treatments for Heat Exhaustion

Lay the person down and raise the legs and feet slightly. Remove tight or heavy clothing. Have
the person sip chilled water, a sports drink containing electrolytes or another nonalcoholic
beverage without caffeine.

Heat

Heat stroke or heatstroke, also known as sun-stroke, is a severe heat illness that results in a body
temperature greater than 40.0 °C, along with red skin, headache, dizziness, and confusion.

First Aid treatments for Heat Stoke

Fan the person while misting with cool water. Place ice packs or cool, wet towels on the neck,
armpits and groin. Cover the person with cool, damp sheets. If the person is conscious, offer
chilled water, a sports drink containing electrolytes or another nonalcoholic beverage without
caffeine.
Insect Bites

An insect bite happens when a non-venomous bug pierces your skin and feeds on your blood.

First Aid treatments for Insect bites

Clean the affected area with soap and warm water. Use a cold pack to reduce swelling and pain.
Use pain-relieving medication and creams. If there is significant pain and swelling, over-the-
counter pain medication (such as paracetamol) or an antihistamine may give some relief.

Poisoning

Poisoning is the harmful effect which occurs when toxic substances are introduced into the body.
The term "poisoning" is a derivative of poison, a term describing any chemical substance that
may harm or kill a living organism upon ingestion.

First Aid treatments for Poisoning

If the person inhaled poison, get him or her fresh air right away. If the person has poison on the
skin, take off any clothing the poison touched. Rinse skin with running water for 15 to 20
minutes. If the person has poison in the eyes, rinse eyes with running water for 15 to 20 minutes.
Seizure

A seizure is a sudden change in behavior, movement, and/or consciousness due to abnormal

electrical activity in the brain. Seizures can look different in different people. It can be
uncontrolled shaking of the whole body or a person spacing out for a few seconds. Most seizures
last less than two minutes.

First Aid treatment for Seizure

Place something soft under their head and loosen any tight clothing. After the seizure is over, roll
them on their side (if they have food or fluid in their mouth, roll them onto their side
immediately). Reassure the person until they recover. Time the seizure, if you can

Shock

Shock is the state of insufficient blood flow to the tissues of the body as a result of problems
with the circulatory system. Initial symptoms of shock may include weakness, fast heart rate, fast
breathing, sweating, anxiety, and increased thirst.
First Aid treatment for shock
Lay the person down and elevate the legs and feet slightly, unless you think this may cause pain
or further injury. Keep the person still. Begin CPR if the person shows no signs of life, such as
not breathing, coughing or moving. Loosen tight clothing and, if needed, cover the person with a
blanket to prevent chilling.
Sting

A puncture wound made by a venomous barb or spine, e.g., of a marine animal or an insect

First Aid treatments for Insect sting

Gently wash the area with soap and water. Apply to the affected skin a cloth dampened with cold
water or filled with ice. Keep it on for 10 to 20 minutes. This helps reduce pain and swelling.

Stoke

A stroke is a life-threatening condition that happens when part of your brain doesn't have enough
blood flow. This most commonly happens because of a blocked artery or bleeding in your brain.

First Aid treatments for Stoke

Place in a position of comfort and support the head and shoulders with pillows. Loosen tight
clothing. Ensure airway is clear and open and wipe any secretions away from the mouth.
Sprains

A sprain is a soft tissue injury of the ligaments within a joint, often caused by a sudden
movement abruptly forcing the joint to exceed its functional range of motion.

First Aid treatments for Sprains

Rest the injured area. Put icepacks on the area for 20 minutes every 2 waking hours, separated
from the skin by wet towelling. Compress or bandage the injured site firmly, extending the
wrapping from below to above. Elevate (raise) the injured area above heart height whenever
practical.

Vomiting

Vomiting is the body's way of getting rid of harmful substances from the stomach, or it may be a
reaction to something that has irritated the gut.

First Aid treatment for Vomiting

 Stay home to avoid passing the infection to others.

 Drink plenty of clear fluids or oral rehydration solution to replace lost fluids — take
small sips if you feel sick.
 Avoid fruit juice, cordial and sugary drinks.
 Avoid alcohol and caffeine.
 Adjust your diet until you get back to normal — eat bland foods, such as rice, pasta and
crackers
 Bibliography

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 Glossary
Breathing difficulties:
An intense tightening in the chest, air hunger, difficulty breathing, breathlessness or a
feeling of suffocation.
Bleeding:
The process of losing blood from the body.
Burns and Scalds:
Tissue damage caused by heat, chemicals, electricity, sunlight, or nuclear radiation.
Choking:
A blockage of the upper airway by food or other objects.
Dislocation:
Type of injury occurs when a joint separates, or 'pops,' out of place.
Electrocution:
Electrical shock that results in death and occurs when there is contact.
Heart attack:
Happens when the flow of blood that brings oxygen to a part of your heart muscle
suddenly becomes blocked.
Heat Exhaustion:
A condition marked by weakness, nausea, dizziness, and profuse sweating that
results from physical exertion in a hot environment.
Heat Stoke:
A life-threatening condition marked especially by cessation of sweating, extremely
high body temperature
Insect bites and Stings:
A sting or bite given to a human by an arthropod of the class Insect. Or a wound or
pain caused by or as if by stinging.
Poisoning:
Any substance that can cause severe organ damage or death if ingested.
Seizure:
Uncontrolled electrical activity in the brain
Shock and fainting:
A critical condition that is brought on by a sudden drop in blood flow through the
body. Or partial or complete loss of consciousness with interruption of awareness
Sprains:
An injury to the ligaments around a joint.
Stroke:
A loss of brain function due to blocked blood circulation to the brain.
Vomiting and Diarrhoea:
An uncontrollable reflex that expels the contents of the stomach through the mouth.
Or the passage of three or more loose or liquid stools per day
 Introduction

This is to introduce you to my assignment on Common First Aid. In this assignment you will
have a understanding what each first aid means and picture to illustrate. Hope you a better
understanding once read through. Thank you.
 Acknowledgement

First I want to give thanks to God for strength and health. I want to say thanks to my instructor
for allowing me the time to complete all my assignment. I thank you.