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Integration Problems Solutions

The document provides a comprehensive guide on integration techniques, including definitions, integration of rational functions, integration by parts, and reduction formulas. It presents step-by-step solutions for various integral forms, such as trigonometric, logarithmic, and exponential functions. Each section includes specific examples and methods for solving integrals, emphasizing the use of substitution and partial fractions.

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Safin Ahmed
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32 views3 pages

Integration Problems Solutions

The document provides a comprehensive guide on integration techniques, including definitions, integration of rational functions, integration by parts, and reduction formulas. It presents step-by-step solutions for various integral forms, such as trigonometric, logarithmic, and exponential functions. Each section includes specific examples and methods for solving integrals, emphasizing the use of substitution and partial fractions.

Uploaded by

Safin Ahmed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Integration Problems - Step-by-Step Solutions

1. Review of Integration (Definition)

(i) Integral (a sin^2x + b^2 cos^2x) / (a sin^2x + b^2 cos^2x) dx = Integral1 dx = x + C

(ii) Integral (a sin x + b cos x)/(a sin x + b cos x) dx = Integral1 dx = x + C

(iii) Integral dx/sqrt(a^2 - x^2) = sin^-1(x/a) + C

(iv) Integral sqrt(a^2 - x^2) dx = (x/2)sqrt(a^2 - x^2) + (a^2/2)sin^-1(x/a) + C

(v) Integral dx/(a^2 + x^2) = (1/a)tan^-1(x/a) + C

(vi) Integral sqrt(a^2 + x^2) dx = (x/2)sqrt(a^2 + x^2) + (a^2/2)ln|x + sqrt(a^2 + x^2)| + C

(vii) Integral dx/sqrt(x^2 - a^2) = ln|x + sqrt(x^2 - a^2)| + C

(viii) Integral sqrt(x^2 - a^2) dx = (x/2)sqrt(x^2 - a^2) - (a^2/2)ln|x + sqrt(x^2 - a^2)| + C

(ix) Integral (px + q)/(ax^2 + bx + c) dx: Use partial fractions and substitution depending on the discriminant.

(x) Integral (px + q)/[(ax^2 + bx + c)sqrt((x - alpha)(x - beta))] dx: Use substitution and possibly trigonometric identities.

2. Integration of Rational Function

(i) Integral dx/(x^2 + 2x + 1) = Integral dx/(x + 1)^2 = -1/(x + 1) + C

(ii) Integral (x + 7)/(x^2 + 4x + 13) dx:

Let u = x^2 + 4x + 13 du = (2x + 4) dx

Break numerator as (1/2)(2x + 4) + 5

= (1/2)ln(x^2 + 4x + 13) + (5/3)tan^-1((x + 2)/3) + C


Integration Problems - Step-by-Step Solutions

(iii) Integral dx/(x^2 - 1) = (1/2)ln|(x - 1)/(x + 1)| + C

(iv) Integral x^2/[(x + 1)(x + 2)(x + 3)] dx: Use polynomial division and partial fractions.

(v) Integral x^2/[(x^2 + a^2)(x^2 + b^2)] dx: Use decomposition into A/(x^2 + a^2) + B/(x^2 + b^2) and integrate.

3. Integration by Parts

(i) Integral x(log x)^2 dx: Let u = (log x)^2, dv = x dx. Use Integral u dv = uv - Integral v du

(ii) Integral xe^x/(x + 1)^2 dx: Use substitution t = x + 1 or parts.

(iii) Integral x(1 - sin x)/(1 - cos x) dx: Simplify using trigonometric identities.

(iv) Integral 2x sin 2x / (1 + cos 2x) dx: Use 1 + cos 2x = 2cos^2x.

(v) Integral 2x sin 2x / (1 - cos 2x) dx: Use 1 - cos 2x = 2sin^2x.

(vi) Integral e^x sin(bx + c) dx = e^x/(1 + b^2)(sin(bx + c) - b cos(bx + c)) + C

(vii) Integral e^x cos(bx + c) dx = e^x/(1 + b^2)(cos(bx + c) + b sin(bx + c)) + C

(viii) Integral e^{2x} cos^2x dx = Integral e^{2x} * (1 + cos 2x)/2 dx

(ix) Integral e^{2x} sin^2x dx = Integral e^{2x} * (1 - cos 2x)/2 dx

4. Reduction Formula

(i) Integral x^n e^{ax} dx = (x^n e^{ax})/a - (n/a)Integral x^{n-1} e^{ax} dx

(ii) Integral x sin^nx dx, Integral x cos^nx dx: Use integration by parts or recursive identities.
Integration Problems - Step-by-Step Solutions

(iii) Integral x^m sin(nx) dx, Integral x^m cos(nx) dx: Use reduction or by parts.

(iv) Integral tan^nx dx = (1/(n - 1)) tan^{n - 1}x - Integral tan^{n - 2}x dx

(v) Integral sin^nx dx = -(1/n) sin^{n-1}x cos x + ((n - 1)/n) Integral sin^{n-2}x dx

(vi) Integral sin^mx cos^nx dx: Use trigonometric identities based on m, n being odd/even.

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