Scribd
Upload
55 views4 pages

Dipol Moment

The document discusses dipole moments, polarity, and boiling points of various molecules, emphasizing the relationship between dipole moment and molecular properties. It compares the dipole moments and boiling points of NH3, NF3, PF3, CH4, SiCl4, and CHCl3, highlighting that NH3 has the highest boiling point due to its polarity. Additionally, it addresses the geometrical shapes of CO2 and CS2, and includes questions regarding partial charges and resonance structures for SO2 and SO3.

Uploaded by

seymauc3344
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
55 views4 pages

Dipol Moment

The document discusses dipole moments, polarity, and boiling points of various molecules, emphasizing the relationship between dipole moment and molecular properties. It compares the dipole moments and boiling points of NH3, NF3, PF3, CH4, SiCl4, and CHCl3, highlighting that NH3 has the highest boiling point due to its polarity. Additionally, it addresses the geometrical shapes of CO2 and CS2, and includes questions regarding partial charges and resonance structures for SO2 and SO3.

Uploaded by

seymauc3344
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

CHM0307 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY I

DIPOL MOMENT

Bonds between atoms with different electronegativity are polar bonds. Such bonds are partial
negative and positive, and have permanent dipole character. The polarity of the dipole molecule

can be experimentally measured by measuring the dielectric constant (ɛ) of the


AB molecule. The dielectric constant is the ratio of the capacity of a capacitor filled with the
AB molecule to the capacity (Cv) in vacuum.

or

The dipole moment is a magnitude giving the dipol property and is equal to the distance between
the negative charge and the positive charge multiplied by the load. It is measured by the Debye
unit. The compounds with high dipole moment have high polarity and high boiling point. The
polarity of the bonds is given by the dipole moment. The dipole moment is a vector

directed towards a more electronegative atom.


.

μexp.
IC%
μcalc.

IC% ionic
covalent

212
CHM0307 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY I

C-Cl, the key polar bond, is 178 pm. Measurement reveals 1.87 D. From this
data, % ionic character can be computed. If this bond were 100% ionic (based
on proton & electron),

QUESTION: Compare the dipole moments, polarity and boiling points of NH3, NF3 and PF3.

213
CHM0307 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY I

μmolecule=μa+μb ≠0 μmolecule=μa-μb ≠0 μmolecule=μa-μb ≠0


polar polar polar
Since the most polar molecul is NH3, the boiling point of NH3 is the highest. Since the polarity
of the P-F bond is higher than the polarity of the N-F bond, or since the bond dipole moment
of the P-F bond is greater than the bond dipol moment of N-F bond, the boiling point of PF3 is
higher than that of NF3.
boiling point sequence: NH3 ˃ PF3 ˃ NF3

QUESTION: Compare the dipole moments, polarity and boiling points of CH4, SiCl4 and
CHCl3.

μmolecule=0 μmolecule=0
apolar apolar
μmolecule≠0
polar
boiling point sequence: CHCl3 ˃ SiCl4 ˃ CH4

CO2 is linear and μmolecule for CO2=0. However, the same thing does not apply to CS2. μmolecule≠0
for CS2. Therefore, the geometrical shape of CS2 is bent.

A similar situation was observed in H2O2 and F2O2 compounds.

μmolecule=0 μmolecule≠0
214
CHM0307 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY I

QUESTION: As the measured dipole moment of the HCl molecule is 1.08 D and the bond
length is 127.4 pm, find partial charges.

ionic (partial charge)

QUESTION:
a) Write the resonance structures of SO2 and SO3 molecules. Show charge distribution.
b) α=5.56 and β=9.59 for S and α=7.54 ve β=12.15 for O. Accordingly, in SO2 and SO3,
which is the S-O bond more polar covalent?

215

You might also like