130

TOP TOXINS
OUTCOME TOXIC DECONTAMINATE? TREATMENT MONITORING OF NOTE
TOXIN IF DOSE
UNTREATED
Acute renal failure No toxic dose Yes, emesis Fluid diuresis at twice Baseline CBC, chemistry Once anuria develops
in cats within 12-36 known, but less followed by activated maintenance rates and urinalysis. hemodialysis or
hours of exposure. charcoal with sorbitol for at least 48 hours Urine epithelial casts peritoneal dialysis
than 1 leaf or small
within 12-18 hours of
LILY Death within 3-5 amounts of pollen to maintain urine
exposure and
are the only potential
days. can cause clinical flow and prevent treatment options.
isosthenuria. Proteinuria
effects. Ingestion obstruction of renal and glucosuria can Disproprotionate
of 2-3 leaves tubules with sloughed occur. Monitor elevation in creatinine
have been fatal. epithelial cells. for elevated creatinine, compared to BUN may
bun, potassium and be seen.
phosphorous.
Mainstay of If coagulopathic, Never give vitamin
Clinical signs of Seond generation Yes, emesis ideally
treatment is Vitamin K1 monitor clotting times
bleeding will products: within 4 hours. K1 IV: as it can cause
antidote. and PCV
occur within 3-5 brodifacoum, Emesis unlikely to Dose: 3-5 mg/kg
anaphylaxis
q 1-4 hours following
days of ingestion bromadiolone, be effective if >8 by mouth q 12 hours Vit K is safest and best
plasma transfusion.
Symptoms can difethiolone and hours since ingestion. with a fatty meal absorbed orally.
Baseline PT for any
ANTI include: lethargy, difenacoum require Follow with activated to enhance absorption asymptomatic pet, then
weakness, anemia, only 1 feeding. charcoal. for 14-28 days. check PT 48-72 hours
COAGULANT warfarin 14 days
dyspnea cough, First generation Don't decontaminate if after last dose of
RAT BAIT hemoptysis, products like pet is symptomatic
bromadiolone 21 days vitamin K. If PT is
Brodifacoum- 28 days increased then extend
abdominal warfarin typically Plasma transfusion if vitamin K course and
distension, seizures, require several coagulopathic. Whoel recheck q 48-72 hrs
paralysis feedings. blood transfusion if
PCV ? 25
Neurotoxin which Sublethal dose: 1.67- Early decontamination Anti emetics, gastro- Monitor for clinical In the U.S., the
affects Na/K pumps 2.5 mg/kg with emesis and protectants, IV fluids, signs improving. Environmental
and leads to cerebral Larger doses: 3.65- multiple doses of methocarbabmol, Treat as needed for Protection Agency
edema. Causes
6.25 mg/kg activated anticonvulsants, any GI symptoms has limited the sale
vomiting, tremors,
ataxia,
A bromethalin charcoal d(q 8 hours IV lipid emuslion and neurologic of 2nd generation
concentration of for 24-48 hrs) is (within 4 hours of symptoms that rodenticides.
BROMETHALIN paresis/paralysis
1-7 days after 0.01N equals 0.1 recommended. ingestions), develop. Therefore there may
RAT BAIT ingestions of sublethal mg of Not recommended to mannitol have all be increasing
dose. bromethalin in treat if patient is been used in toxicities
Larger ingestions each gram of obtunded or seizuring these patients. with neurotoxin or
cause seizures, bait. as they cannot protect vitamin D rat baits.
hyperthrrmia,
their airway.
depression and death
wtihin 4-8 hours.
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