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Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
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"Leadership is not a position or a
title, it is action and example."
Donald McGannon
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Introduction
Many people believe that leadership is a way
to improve their personal, social, and
professional lives.
Corporations seek those with leadership
ability because they believe they bring special
assets to their organizations and, ultimately,
improve the bottom line.
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Introduction
Some researchers conceptualize leadership as
a trait or as a behavior, whereas others view
leadership from an information- processing
perspective or relational standpoint.
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Ways of Conceptualizing Leadership
some definitions view leadership as the focus
of group processes. From this perspective, the
leader is at the center of group change and activity
and embodies the will of the group.
leadership from a personality perspective, which
suggests that leadership is a combination of special
traits or characteristics that some individuals possess.
Other approaches to leadership define it as an
act or a behavior—the things leaders do to bring
about change in a group.
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Ways of Conceptualizing Leadership
some define leadership in terms of the power
relationship that exists between leaders and
followers.
Others view leadership as a transformational
process that moves followers to accomplish more
than is usually expected of them.
Finally, some scholars address leadership from
a skills perspective. This viewpoint stresses the
capabilities (knowledge and skills) that make effective
leadership possible.
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Components of Leadership phenomenon
Leadership is a process
Leadership involves influence
Leadership occurs in group
Leadership involves common goals
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What Is Leadership?
🧭 It’s Not Just About Bossing People Around
• Leadership = Influence + Purpose + Action
It’s not about the title on your door or the size of
your chair.
• Leaders:
• Paint the vision
• Rally the troops
• Walk the talk
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What Is Leadership?
Leadership
is a process whereby
an individual
influences a group of
individuals to achieve
a common goal.
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Trait vs. Process Leadership
We have all heard
statements such as
“He is born to be a
leader” or “She is a
natural leader.”
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Trait vs. Process Leadership
Certain individuals
have special innate
characteristics or
qualities that
differentiate them
from non-leaders.
◆ Leadership resides
in select people
◆ Restricted to those
with inborn talent
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Trait vs. Process Leadership
Leadership is a
phenomena that
occurs in interactions
between leaders and
followers.
◆ Observed in
leadership behaviors
◆ Can be learned
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Assigned vs. Emergent Leadership
Assigned Emergen
t
Leadership based Leadership perceived by others
on a position regardless of the individual’s
within an title
organization ◆ Emerges over time through
interactions with others
◆ Team leaders
• Verbal engagement
◆ Plant managers • Gathering and providing
◆ Department information
heads • Seeking others’ opinions
◆ Directors • Being firm but not rigid
• Professional competence
• Interpersonal warmth
◆ Affected by personality and gender
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Leadership & Power
Bases of Social Power
Power
French & Raven (1959)
The capacity to Referent
influence. Expert
◆ The ability to change
others’ beliefs, attitudes, Legitimate
& actions
Reward
Coercive
Information
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Leadership & Power
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Leadership & Power
Position Power Personal Power
(assigned): derived (emergent) is influence
from rank in an derived from being seen
organization as likable & competent.
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Leadership and Coercion
Coercion involves the use
of force to effect change. Classic examples of
coercive leaders are Adolf
To coerce means to Hitler in Germany, the
influence others to do Taliban leaders in
something against their Afghanistan, Jim Jones in
will. Guyana, and North
Coercion often involves Korea’s Supreme Leader
the use of threats, Kim Jong-Un
punishment, and negative
reward schedules.
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Leadership and Coercion
It is important to distinguish Leaders who use coercion
between coercion and are interested in their own
leadership goals and seldom are
interested in the wants and
In our discussions of needs of followers.
leadership, coercive people
are not used as models of Using coercion runs counter
ideal leadership. to working with followers to
achieve a common goal.
leadership is reserved for
those who influence a group
of individuals toward a
common goal.
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Leadership and Management
Leadership is a process that is leadership is also different
similar to management in from management
many ways.
Leadership involves influence, Management is about
as does management. seeking order and stability;
Leadership entails working leadership is about seeking
with people, which adaptive and constructive
management entails as well. change.
Leadership is concerned with
effective goal accomplishment,
and so is management.
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Leadership and Management
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Leadership and Management
Bennis and Nanus (1985) “Managers are people
maintained that there is a who do things right
significant difference and leaders are people
between the two. who do the right thing”
Rost (1991) contended
To manage means to that leadership is a
accomplish activities and multidirectional influence
master routines, whereas to relationship and
lead means to influence management is a
others and create visions for unidirectional authority
change. relationship.
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Leadership and Management
Simonet and Tett (2012) found
leadership was distinguished by When managers are
motivating intrinsically, creative involved in influencing a
thinking, strategic planning, group to meet its goals,
tolerance of ambiguity, and they are involved in
being able to read people, leadership. When
leaders are involved in
and
planning, organizing,
management was distinguished staffing, and controlling,
by rule orientation, short-term they are involved in
planning, motivating management.
extrinsically, orderliness, safety
concerns, and timeliness.
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Manager Leader
“Why are you late?” “Are you okay?”
“Stick to the 5-year “That was so last
plan.” quarter.”
“Maximize shareholder “Save the planet… oh,
value!” and don’t forget the
profits.”
Old leadership: “My Modern leadership:
way or the highway.” “Let’s brainstorm over
kombucha.”
“Why are you on your “Nice meme. Can we
phone?” use it in our marketing
strategy?”
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Why Should You Care About
Leadership?
Because Someone Has to Steer the Ship (Before
It Becomes the Titanic)
•Leadership shapes:
•Careers: Promotions often go to leaders, not just top
performers.
•Teams: A toxic team often lacks good leadership, not
good talent.
•Results: Vision-driven leadership leads to sustainable
success.
🧠 Example: Satya Nadella’s leadership revived
Microsoft by focusing on empathy and innovation.
