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HANDOUT - Reading Guide 2-1

The document is a reading guide for Chapter 2.1 of a biology textbook, focusing on the nature of matter, atoms, elements, isotopes, and chemical bonds. It includes questions and tables for students to fill out regarding atomic structure, isotopes, compounds, and various types of chemical bonds. Additionally, it discusses the properties of water and hydrogen peroxide, as well as the unique adhesive properties of gecko feet and potential medical applications of this concept.

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solsong0103
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11 views2 pages

HANDOUT - Reading Guide 2-1

The document is a reading guide for Chapter 2.1 of a biology textbook, focusing on the nature of matter, atoms, elements, isotopes, and chemical bonds. It includes questions and tables for students to fill out regarding atomic structure, isotopes, compounds, and various types of chemical bonds. Additionally, it discusses the properties of water and hydrogen peroxide, as well as the unique adhesive properties of gecko feet and potential medical applications of this concept.

Uploaded by

solsong0103
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

WLHS/Biology/Oppelt

Name ______________________________ Period_____

Reading Guide Chapters 2.1: The Nature of Matter (pages 34-39)

Atoms

1. Define atom: _____________________________________________________

2. Fill in the table below for the structure of an atom.

Subatomic particles Charge (+, - , 0)

Elements and Isotopes

3. What is an element? ___________________________________________________________________

4. The atomic number is the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom. For the following elements,
identify how many protons are in each nucleus. You can use the Periodic Table in Appendix E (page A-24 in
back of book).

Hydrogen _________ Aluminum__________ Sulfur ________

5. True or False (circle one). Atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons they contain
are known as isotopes.

6. The isotope Carbon-14 contains how many neutrons? ___________

7.Describe some uses for radioactive isotopes. _________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

8. Using a periodic table on page A-24, complete the table below:

# of # of
protons # of electrons neutrons Mass #
Atomic #
(= Atomic (in neutral atom, ( = mass - (= # protons +
Isotope Symbol #) = # protons) # protons) (= # protons) # neutrons)

Oxygen - 16

Potassium - 41

Magnesium- 24

Iodine - 127

Molybdenum - 96
9. a. What is a compound? _____________________________________________________________

b. What is the chemical formula for sodium chloride, or table salt? ________________

10. Water (H2O) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) both consists of hydrogen and oxygen. Explain why they
have different chemical and physical properties

11. What are the two main types of chemical bonds?

_________________________ ________________________

12. a. Define ionic bond _____________________________________________________________

b. What is an ion? ____________________________

c. Give an example of an ionic bond_________________________________________________

13. a. Define covalent bond____________________________________________________________

b. What is a molecule? ____________________________________________________________

c. Give an example of a covalent bond. ________________________________________________

14. A potassium atom easily loses its one valence electron. What type of bond will it form with a chlorine
atom? ____________________________

15. Describe what van der Waals forces are in the space below.

16. Read the passage on page 39 called “A Nature-inspired Adhesive”

a. How do gecko’s climb vertical surface? _________________________________

b. Describe the foot of the gecko (what is found on its feet).

c. Researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) are trying to


develop a “bandage” using the same idea as the gecko’s foot. What will this
“bandage” do and how will it be useful in the medical field?

d. Suppose you are a doctor reviewing this new bandage for its potential applications. In what ways
might you use such a bandage? Make a list below.

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