Module M22
L
Partha Pratim
Das
Programming in Modern C++
E
Objectives &
Outlines
Module M22: Inheritance: Part 2: Data Member & Member Function: Override & Overload
T
Inheritance in
C++
P
Data Members
Object Layout
Member Partha Pratim Das
N
Functions
Overrides and
Overloads Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Comparison Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur
Module Summary
[email protected]
All url’s in this module have been accessed in September, 2021 and found to be functional
Programming in Modern C++ Partha Pratim Das M22.1
Module Recap
Module M22
• Understood Hierarchy or ISA Relationship in OOAD
L
Partha Pratim
Das
• Introduced the Semantics of Inheritance in C++
E
Objectives &
Outlines
T
Inheritance in
C++
P
Data Members
Object Layout
Member
N
Functions
Overrides and
Overloads
Comparison
Module Summary
Programming in Modern C++ Partha Pratim Das M22.2
Module Objectives
Module M22
• Understand how inheritance impacts data members and member functions
L
Partha Pratim
Das
• Introduce overriding of member function and its interactions with overloading
E
Objectives &
Outlines
T
Inheritance in
C++
P
Data Members
Object Layout
Member
N
Functions
Overrides and
Overloads
Comparison
Module Summary
Programming in Modern C++ Partha Pratim Das M22.3
Module Outline
Module M22
L
Partha Pratim
Das 1 Inheritance in C++
E
Objectives &
Outlines
2 Data Members
T
Inheritance in
C++
Object Layout
P
Data Members
Object Layout
Member
N
Functions 3 Member Functions
Overrides and
Overloads Overrides and Overloads
Comparison
Module Summary
4 Comparison
5 Module Summary
Programming in Modern C++ Partha Pratim Das M22.4
Inheritance in C++
Module M22
L
Partha Pratim
Das
E
Objectives &
Outlines
T
Inheritance in
C++
P
Data Members
Object Layout
Member
N
Functions
Overrides and
Overloads
Comparison
Module Summary
Inheritance in C++
Programming in Modern C++ Partha Pratim Das M22.5
Inheritance in C++: Semantics
Module M22 • Derived ISA Base
• Data Members
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Partha Pratim
Das
◦ Derived class inherits all data members of Base class
◦ Derived class may add data members of its own
E
Objectives &
Outlines
• Member Functions
T
Inheritance in
C++ ◦ Derived class inherits all member functions of Base class
◦ Derived class may override a member function of Base class by redefining it with the same signature
P
Data Members
Object Layout ◦ Derived class may overload a member function of Base class by redefining it with the same name;
Member
but different signature
N
Functions ◦ Derived class may add new member functions
Overrides and
Overloads • Access Specification
Comparison ◦ Derived class cannot access private members of Base class
Module Summary ◦ Derived class can access protected members of Base class
• Construction-Destruction
◦ A constructor of the Derived class must first call a constructor of the Base class to construct the
Base class instance of the Derived class
◦ The destructor of the Derived class must call the destructor of the Base class to destruct the Base
class instance of the Derived class
Programming in Modern C++ Partha Pratim Das M22.6
Data Members
Module M22
L
Partha Pratim
Das
E
Objectives &
Outlines
T
Inheritance in
C++
P
Data Members
Object Layout
Member
N
Functions
Overrides and
Overloads
Comparison
Module Summary
Data Members
Programming in Modern C++ Partha Pratim Das M22.7
Data Members
Module M22
• Derived ISA Base
L
Partha Pratim
Das
• Data Members
E
Objectives &
Outlines ◦ Derived class inherits all data members of Base class
T
Inheritance in
C++
◦ Derived class may add data members of its own
• Object Layout
P
Data Members
Object Layout
Member
◦ Derived class layout contains an instance of the Base class
N
Functions ◦ Further, Derived class layout will have data members of its own
Overrides and
Overloads ◦ C++ does not guarantee the relative position of the Base class instance and
Comparison
Derived class members
Module Summary
Programming in Modern C++ Partha Pratim Das M22.8
Object Layout
Module M22
class B { // Base Class
L
Partha Pratim int data1B_;
Das
public:
Object Layout
E
Objectives & int data2B_;
Outlines // ...
T
Inheritance in }; Object b Object d
C++
P
Data Members
class D: public B { // Derived Class
Object Layout
// Inherits B::data1B_ data1B
Member data1B
N
Functions // Inherits B::data2B_ data2B
data2B
Overrides and int infoD_; // Adds D::infoD_
Overloads
public: infoD
Comparison
// ...
Module Summary }; • d cannot access data1B even though is a part of d!
• d can access data2B
B b; // Base Class Object
D d; // Derived Class Object
Programming in Modern C++ Partha Pratim Das M22.9
Member Functions
Module M22
L
Partha Pratim
Das
E
Objectives &
Outlines
T
Inheritance in
C++
P
Data Members
Object Layout
Member
N
Functions
Overrides and
Overloads
Comparison
Module Summary
Member Functions
Programming in Modern C++ Partha Pratim Das M22.10
Member Functions
Module M22
• Derived ISA Base
L
Partha Pratim
Das • Member Functions
◦ Derived class inherits all member functions of Base class
E
Objectives &
Outlines
. Note: Derived class does not inherit the Constructors and Destructor of Base
T
Inheritance in
C++ class but must have access to them
P
Data Members
Object Layout
◦ Derived class may override a member function of Base class by redefining it with
Member the same signature
N
Functions
Overrides and
◦ Derived class may overload a member function of Base class by redefining it with
Overloads
the same name; but different signature
Comparison
◦ Derived class may add new member functions
Module Summary
• Static Member Functions
◦ Derived class does not inherit the static member functions of Base class
• Friend Functions
◦ Derived class does not inherit the friend functions of Base class
Programming in Modern C++ Partha Pratim Das M22.11
Overrides and Overloads
Module M22 Inheritance Override & Overload
class B { public: // Base Class class B { public: // Base Class
L
Partha Pratim void f(int i); void f(int);
Das
void g(int i); void g(int i);
}; };
E
Objectives &
Outlines class D: public B { public: // Derived Class class D: public B { public: // Derived Class
// Inherits B::f(int) // Inherits B::f(int)
T
Inheritance in
C++
void f(int); // Overrides B::f(int)
void f(string&); // Overloads B::f(int)
P
Data Members // Inherits B::g(int)
// Inherits B::g(int)
Object Layout
void h(int i); // Adds D::h(int)
Member }; };
N
Functions B b;
B b;
Overrides and
Overloads D d; D d;
Comparison
b.f(1); // Calls B::f(int) b.f(1); // Calls B::f(int)
Module Summary b.g(2); // Calls B::g(int) b.g(2); // Calls B::g(int)
d.f(3); // Calls B::f(int) d.f(3); // Calls D::f(int)
d.g(4); // Calls B::g(int) d.g(4); // Calls B::g(int)
d.f("red"); // Calls D::f(string&)
d.h(5); // Calls D::h(int)
• D::f(int) overrides B::f(int)
• D::f(string&) overloads B::f(int)
Programming in Modern C++ Partha Pratim Das M22.12
Overloading vis-a-vis Overriding
Module M22
L
Partha Pratim
Das
E
Objectives &
Outlines
T
Inheritance in
C++
P
Data Members
Object Layout
Member
N
Functions
Overrides and
Overloads
Comparison
Module Summary
Overloading vis-a-vis Overriding
Programming in Modern C++ Partha Pratim Das M22.13
Comparison of Overloading vis-a-vis Overriding
Module M22
Basis Function Overloading Function Overriding
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Partha Pratim
Das
Name of Function • All overloads have the same function name • All overrides have the same function name
Signature • Function signatures must be different • Function signatures are same
E
Objectives &
Outlines Type of Function • Can be global, friend, static or non-static • Must be a non-static member function - non-
member function virtual or virtual
T
Inheritance in
C++ Inheritance • Can happen with or without inheritance • Happens only with inheritance
Polymorphism • Static (Compile time) • Static (Compile time) or Dynamic (Runtime)
P
Data Members
Scope • Overloaded functions are in the same scope • Functions are in different scopes (base clase
Object Layout
and derived class)
Member Purpose • To have multiple functions with same name • To perform additional or different tasks than
N
Functions
that act differently depending on parameters the base class function
Overrides and
Overloads
Constructor • Constructors can be overloaded • Constructors cannot be overridden
Destructor • The destructor cannot be overloaded • The destructor cannot be overridden
Comparison
Usage • Can be overloaded multiple times • Can be overridden once in the derived class
Module Summary
Programming in Modern C++ Partha Pratim Das M22.14
Module Summary
Module M22
• Discussed the effect of inheritance on Data Members and Object Layout
L
Partha Pratim
Das
• Discussed the effect of inheritance on Member Functions with special reference to
E
Objectives &
Outlines Overriding and Overloading
T
Inheritance in
C++
P
Data Members
Object Layout
Member
N
Functions
Overrides and
Overloads
Comparison
Module Summary
Programming in Modern C++ Partha Pratim Das M22.15
