CERTIFICATE COURSE ON
ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE &
LAW
MODULE- 2
All Rights Reserved.
LeDroit India 2020-25
THE FUTURE OF AI IN INDIAN COURTS
As AI technology continues to advance, its potential impact on the Indian judicial
system is substantial. AI could transform various aspects of court operations,
influencing judgments, enhancing case management, and driving overall efficiency.
Here’s an exploration of how AI might shape the future of Indian courts:
1. Influencing Future Judgments
Predictive Analytics:
● Explanation: AI can analyze historical case data and judicial decisions to
predict the likely outcomes of new cases. This can help judges and legal
professionals anticipate how similar cases have been ruled and make more
informed decisions.
● Example: An AI system might analyze past judgments related to property
disputes to provide insights into how current cases might be adjudicated,
helping judges understand prevailing trends and make more consistent
rulings.
Legal Research and Case Analysis:
● Explanation: AI tools can assist judges by quickly sifting through vast
amounts of legal literature and case law to find relevant precedents. This
speeds up the process of case analysis and supports more well-informed
judgments.
● Example: An AI-powered legal research tool could provide a judge with
comprehensive summaries and relevant case law related to a specific legal
issue, streamlining the research process and supporting more thorough
decision-making.
Copyright 2020-2025.All Rights Reserved ©
Bias Detection:
● Explanation: AI can help identify potential biases in judicial decisions by
analyzing patterns in past rulings. This can aid in promoting fairness and
consistency in the judicial process.
● Example: An AI tool might analyze a judge's past decisions to detect any
patterns of bias based on factors like gender, ethnicity, or socio-economic
status, helping to ensure more equitable treatment of cases.
2. Enhancing Case Management
Automated Case Scheduling:
● Explanation: AI can automate the scheduling of court hearings and manage
case timelines efficiently. This reduces administrative burdens and ensures
that cases are processed in a timely manner.
● Example: An AI system could automatically schedule hearings based on the
availability of judges, lawyers, and courtrooms, optimizing the court
calendar and reducing delays.
Document Management:
● Explanation: AI tools can manage and organize case documents, making it
easier for legal professionals to access and review relevant information. This
improves the overall efficiency of case management.
● Example: AI-powered document management systems can categorize and
tag case files, making it easier for judges and lawyers to retrieve specific
documents and track case progress.
Predictive Case Management:
● Explanation: AI can predict case outcomes and potential bottlenecks in the
legal process. This helps in prioritizing cases and addressing issues before
they escalate.
● Example: An AI tool might forecast which cases are likely to experience
delays or require additional resources, allowing court administrators to
allocate resources more effectively and prevent backlogs.
Copyright 2020-2025.All Rights Reserved ©
3. Driving Efficiency
Streamlining Administrative Tasks:
● Explanation: AI can automate routine administrative tasks, such as
managing court records, processing filings, and handling correspondence.
This reduces the manual workload and allows court staff to focus on more
complex tasks.
● Example: AI systems could automate the processing of legal filings,
reducing the time and effort required for clerks to handle paperwork and
ensuring faster processing of documents.
Enhancing Access to Justice:
● Explanation: AI can improve access to justice by providing online legal
assistance and information to the public. This helps individuals navigate the
legal system more easily and reduces the burden on courts.
● Example: AI-powered chatbots and virtual assistants could provide legal
information and assistance to individuals, helping them understand legal
procedures and file complaints or petitions online.
Improving Case Tracking:
● Explanation: AI tools can provide real-time tracking of case progress and
updates, ensuring that all parties involved are informed of changes and
developments.
● Example: An AI system could offer a digital dashboard for tracking case
status, deadlines, and court orders, providing timely updates to judges,
lawyers, and litigants.
Copyright 2020-2025.All Rights Reserved ©
USAGE OF AI IN SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
SUPACE is short for Supreme Court Portal for Assistance in Court’s
Efficiency.Earlier, the E-Courts Project was conceptualized on the basis of
“National Policy and Action Plan for Implementation of Information and
Communication Technology (ICT) in the Indian Judiciary – 2005” submitted
by the e-Committee of the Supreme Court.
It is a tool that collects relevant facts and laws and makes them available to a
judge.It is not designed to take decisions, but only to process facts and to
make them available to judges looking for an input for a decision.
Initially, it will be used on an experimental basis by the judges of Bombay
and Delhi High Courts who deal with criminal matters.
Significance:
1. It will produce results customized to the need of the case and the way the
judge thinks.
2. This will be time saving. It will help the judiciary and the court in reducing
delays and pendency of cases.
3. AI will present a more streamlined, cost effective and time bound means to
the fundamental right of access to justice.
4. It will make the service delivery mechanism transparent and cost-efficient.
Copyright 2020-2025.All Rights Reserved ©
SUVAS ( ‘Supreme Court VidhikAnuvaad Software’)
It is a machine-assisted translation tool trained by Artificial Intelligence.
This Tool is specially designed for Judicial Domain and at present, has the
capacity and capability of translating English Judicial documents, Orders, or
Judgments into nine vernacular language scripts and vice versa.
This is the first step towards the introduction of Artificial Intelligence in the
Judicial Domain.
Currently, SUVAS software is being used for translating Supreme Court
judgments into nine vernacular languages — Assamese, Bengali, Hindi,
Kannada, Marathi, Odiya, Tamil, Telugu, and Urdu which will be further
expanded to other regional languages too.
Right now cases related to Labour, Rent Act, Land Acquisition and
Requisition, Service, Compensation, Criminal, Family Law, Ordinary Civil,
Personal Law, Religious and Charitable Endowments, Simple money and
Mortgage, Eviction under the Public Premises (Eviction) Act, Land Laws
and Agriculture Tenancies and Consumer Protection are being translated.
Copyright 2020-2025.All Rights Reserved ©
AI POLICY
An AI policy is a set of guidelines, principles, and rules designed to govern the
development, deployment, and use of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. It
serves as a framework to ensure that AI systems are used responsibly, ethically, and
in compliance with legal standards.
WHY AI POLICY IS IMPORTANT?
AI policy drafting is crucial for several reasons, as it lays the groundwork for the
ethical, legal, and practical use of artificial intelligence technologies. Here’s why
drafting a comprehensive AI policy is essential:
1. Ensures Ethical Use
● Promotes Fairness: An AI policy sets standards to prevent biases and
discrimination in AI systems, ensuring that technologies treat all individuals
fairly and equitably.
● Encourages Transparency: It mandates that AI systems are transparent in
their operations, making it clear how decisions are made and ensuring that
users understand the technology.
2. Regulatory Compliance
● Legal Adherence: AI policies ensure that the development and deployment
of AI systems comply with existing laws and regulations, such as data
protection and privacy laws.
● Avoids Legal Risks: By setting clear guidelines and procedures, policies
help organizations avoid legal disputes and penalties related to
non-compliance.
3. Enhances Accountability
● Clarifies Responsibilities: Policies define who is responsible for different
aspects of AI deployment and usage, ensuring accountability for any issues
or failures.
Copyright 2020-2025.All Rights Reserved ©
● Provides Mechanisms for Redress: It establishes procedures for reporting
and addressing grievances or problems related to AI systems.
4. Facilitates Innovation
● Guides Development: A well-drafted policy provides a framework within
which innovation can occur, ensuring that new AI solutions are developed
responsibly and ethically.
● Encourages Best Practices: Policies help in adopting best practices and
standards that support effective and safe AI development.
5. Protects Privacy and Security
● Safeguards Data: Policies outline how personal and sensitive data should
be handled, ensuring that privacy is protected and data security is
maintained.
● Mitigates Risks: By addressing potential security threats, policies help in
safeguarding AI systems from cyber-attacks and misuse.
6. Builds Trust
● Gains Public Confidence: Clear policies on AI use build trust among users
and stakeholders by demonstrating a commitment to ethical practices and
transparency.
● Promotes Responsible Use: Ensuring responsible AI use fosters public
confidence and acceptance of AI technologies.
7. Aligns with Global Standards
● International Alignment: Drafting policies that align with international
standards helps organizations remain competitive and compliant on a global
scale.
● Facilitates Global Cooperation: It supports international collaboration by
providing a common framework for ethical and legal AI use.
Copyright 2020-2025.All Rights Reserved ©
8. Addresses Emerging Challenges
● Proactively Manages Risks: Policies anticipate and address potential
challenges and risks associated with AI technologies, including ethical
dilemmas and unforeseen consequences.
● Adapts to Changes: Well-drafted policies can be updated to reflect new
developments in AI technology and regulatory landscapes.
9. Promotes Ethical AI Culture
● Encourages Responsible Behavior: Policies help instill a culture of ethical
responsibility within organizations, guiding employees and stakeholders in
the responsible use of AI technologies.
● Supports Training and Awareness: They provide a basis for training
programs that educate employees about ethical AI practices and regulatory
requirements.
In summary, AI policy drafting is a critical step in ensuring that AI technologies
are developed, deployed, and used in ways that are ethical, legal, and beneficial to
society. It helps organizations manage risks, comply with regulations, foster
innovation, and build trust among stakeholders.
Copyright 2020-2025.All Rights Reserved ©
INDIA POLICY ON AI
India's approach to AI is evolving, and while there is no single comprehensive
national policy solely dedicated to AI, several key documents and initiatives guide
the development and regulation of AI in the country. Here's an overview of India's
policy landscape regarding AI:
Note- You’ll find India Policy on AI in course materials attached.
1. National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence (AI) - 2018
The National Strategy for AI, released by NITI Aayog, outlines India's vision and
strategy for leveraging AI to drive economic growth and social development. Key
points include:
● Vision: To position India as a global leader in AI by fostering innovation,
creating a robust AI ecosystem, and addressing societal challenges.
● Focus Areas: Healthcare, agriculture, education, smart cities, and
infrastructure.
● Ethical Considerations: Emphasizes the need for ethical AI development
and use, including privacy concerns and ensuring fairness in AI systems.
2. Data Protection Laws
Personal Data Protection Bill, 2019 (PDP Bill): Although not specific to AI, this
bill addresses data privacy and protection, which are crucial for AI applications.
Key aspects include:
● Consent: Data collection and processing require explicit consent from
individuals.
● Data Minimization: Only necessary data should be collected.
● Accountability: Organizations must ensure robust data protection measures.
3. Draft Artificial Intelligence (AI) Policy
India is working on a comprehensive AI policy, which aims to address various
aspects of AI governance, including:
Copyright 2020-2025.All Rights Reserved ©
● Regulatory Framework: Proposes a regulatory framework for AI to ensure
ethical use and compliance with international standards.
● Innovation and Research: Promotes AI research, development, and
innovation through funding and support.
● Ethics and Fairness: Focuses on creating guidelines to ensure fairness,
transparency, and accountability in AI systems.
4. Sector-Specific Guidelines
● Healthcare: Initiatives to regulate and promote the use of AI in healthcare
for diagnostics, treatment, and patient management.
● Finance: Guidelines and frameworks to ensure the responsible use of AI in
financial services, including risk management and fraud detection.
5. Collaboration with International Bodies
India actively participates in international discussions and collaborations on AI
ethics, standards, and regulations. This includes working with organizations like
the G20 and OECD to align its policies with global practices.
6. AI Research and Innovation Initiatives
● National AI Portal: A platform providing information on AI-related
developments, research, and policies.
● AI Research Institutes: Establishment of research institutes and centers to
advance AI research and innovation.
Challenges and Areas of Development
● Regulatory Gaps: India is still developing specific regulations for AI,
which can lead to ambiguities and inconsistencies.
● Ethical and Privacy Concerns: Addressing the ethical implications and
ensuring privacy in AI applications are ongoing challenges.
● Global Alignment: Aligning national AI policies with international
standards to maintain competitiveness and ensure comprehensive protection.
Copyright 2020-2025.All Rights Reserved ©
India's approach to AI is dynamic, with ongoing efforts to develop a robust policy
framework that balances innovation with ethical considerations and regulatory
compliance.
Global Approaches to AI Policy
1. United States:
● Focus Areas: The U.S. approach to AI policy is characterized by a mix of
federal and state-level initiatives. Key areas include fostering innovation,
maintaining ethical standards, and addressing national security concerns.
● Notable Policies: The National AI Initiative Act aims to promote AI
research and development. The AI Risk Management Framework by NIST
(National Institute of Standards and Technology) provides guidelines for
managing AI risks.
2. European Union:
● Focus Areas: The EU emphasizes regulatory frameworks to ensure ethical
AI deployment, data privacy, and accountability.
● Notable Policies: The European Commission's AI Act proposes a
comprehensive regulation to classify AI systems by risk level and set
requirements for high-risk AI applications. The General Data Protection
Regulation (GDPR) also impacts AI, particularly in terms of data privacy
and protection.
3. China:
● Focus Areas: China’s AI policy focuses on becoming a global leader in AI
technology, with significant investment in research and development, and
integration of AI into various sectors.
● Notable Policies: The "Next Generation Artificial Intelligence Development
Plan" outlines China’s strategy to become the world’s AI innovation hub by
2030. The policy emphasizes technological advancement, industrial
application, and international cooperation.
Copyright 2020-2025.All Rights Reserved ©
4. United Kingdom:
● Focus Areas: The UK’s approach balances innovation with ethical
considerations and public trust in AI.
● Notable Policies: The UK AI Strategy outlines the goal of becoming a
global AI superpower. The Centre for Data Ethics and Innovation (CDEI)
focuses on ensuring AI is used ethically and responsibly. The UK also has
the AI Council, which advises on AI strategy and policy.
5. Canada:
● Focus Areas: Canada emphasizes ethical AI development, research funding,
and public sector use of AI.
● Notable Policies: The "Pan-Canadian Artificial Intelligence Strategy" aims
to drive AI research and innovation. The "Ethics Guidelines for Trustworthy
AI" provide a framework for developing AI that aligns with ethical
principles.
6. India:
● Focus Areas: India is working on developing a framework to support AI
innovation while addressing ethical concerns and data privacy.
● Notable Policies: The National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence focuses
on promoting AI research and development in sectors like healthcare,
education, and agriculture. India is also working on data protection laws that
will impact AI implementation.
7. Australia:
● Focus Areas: Australia’s AI policy focuses on responsible AI use,
innovation, and public trust.
● Notable Policies: The "Artificial Intelligence Ethics Framework" provides
guidelines for ethical AI development. The Australian Government also
promotes AI research and innovation through various funding initiatives and
strategy documents.
Copyright 2020-2025.All Rights Reserved ©
8. Singapore:
● Focus Areas: Singapore aims to be a leader in AI innovation with a strong
focus on ethical standards and human-centric AI.
● Notable Policies: The "AI Ethics & Governance Framework" sets out
principles for ethical AI development. The "AI Singapore" initiative
supports AI research and industry collaboration.
Countries around the world are developing AI policies with a focus on promoting
innovation, managing ethical risks, and addressing public concerns. While the
specifics vary, common themes include fostering research and development,
ensuring ethical use, protecting data privacy, and integrating AI into various
sectors in a responsible manner. Each country tailors its approach to its unique
socio-economic context and strategic goals, contributing to a diverse global
landscape of AI regulation and strategy.
Copyright 2020-2025.All Rights Reserved ©
AI TOOL FOR LAWYERS
1. Legal Research and Case Analysis
1.1. LegalAI:
● Description: LegalAI is an AI-driven legal research platform that helps
lawyers quickly find relevant case law, statutes, and legal articles. It uses
natural language processing to understand queries and provide precise legal
information.
● Features: Advanced search capabilities, case summarization, citation
analysis.
1.2. RoboLawyer:
● Description: This tool leverages AI to assist in legal research and analysis
by providing summaries of legal texts and extracting relevant information
from case law.
● Features: Automated case summarization, precedent identification, legal
trend analysis.
2. Document Drafting and Review
2.1. Luminance:
● Description: Luminance uses machine learning to analyze and review legal
documents, helping lawyers draft and review contracts and other legal
documents with greater accuracy.
● Features: Document analysis, clause comparison, anomaly detection.
2.2. Kira Systems:
● Description: Kira Systems provides AI-powered contract analysis tools that
help in identifying, extracting, and reviewing key contract clauses.
● Features: Contract clause extraction, risk assessment, due diligence.
Copyright 2020-2025.All Rights Reserved ©
3. Case Management and Workflow Automation
3.1. Clio:
● Description: Clio offers a comprehensive practice management solution
with AI features that streamline case management, time tracking, and client
communication.
● Features: Case and matter management, automated time tracking, client
portal.
3.2. Lawcus:
● Description: Lawcus provides AI-driven workflow automation to manage
legal tasks, automate repetitive processes, and enhance overall productivity.
● Features: Task automation, case tracking, integrated calendar.
4. Legal Analytics and Predictive Tools
4.1. LexisNexis Context:
● Description: LexisNexis Context uses AI to provide predictive analytics and
insights based on historical case data, helping lawyers anticipate case
outcomes and make informed decisions.
● Features: Predictive case analysis, judge and opposing counsel insights,
litigation strategy support.
4.2. Ravel Law:
● Description: Ravel Law offers AI-powered legal analytics that analyze
court decisions, judicial behavior, and legal trends to aid in case strategy and
research.
● Features: Judicial analysis, legal trend monitoring, case outcome
predictions.
Copyright 2020-2025.All Rights Reserved ©
5. Client Interaction and Virtual Assistance
5.1. LawBot:
● Description: LawBot provides AI-driven virtual assistance for client
interactions, offering legal information and answering common legal queries
through a chatbot interface.
● Features: Automated client support, legal information retrieval,
appointment scheduling.
5.2. DoNotPay:
● Description: DoNotPay is an AI-powered platform that helps users navigate
legal processes and create legal documents, such as claims and complaints,
with ease.
● Features: Document generation, legal claims assistance, automated legal
advice.
6. Document Translation
6.1. SUVAS (Supreme Court VidhikAnuvaad Software):
● Description: SUVAS is an AI-based translation tool designed specifically
for the judicial domain. It translates judicial documents and judgments into
multiple vernacular languages.
● Features: Translation of legal documents, multilingual support, judicial
domain focus.
7. Compliance and Risk Management
7.1. ComplyAdvantage:
● Description: ComplyAdvantage uses AI to identify and manage compliance
risks, particularly in financial and regulatory sectors, helping law firms stay
compliant with regulations.
● Features: Risk detection, compliance monitoring, anti-money laundering
support.
Copyright 2020-2025.All Rights Reserved ©
Copyright 2020-2025.All Rights Reserved ©
