Here are 90 NEET-aligned MCQs based on Chapter 5 (Morphology of Flowering Plants), with

examples and conceptual depth:

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### **Root System**

1. **Which plant has a tap root system?**

(a) Wheat

(b) Mustard

(c) Grass

(d) Rice

**Answer:** (b) Mustard

2. **Fibrous roots are found in:**

(a) Dicot plants

(b) Monocot plants

(c) Both (a) and (b)

(d) None

**Answer:** (b) Monocot plants

3. **Adventitious roots arise from:**

(a) Radicle

(b) Nodes

(c) Internodes

(d) All of these

**Answer:** (b) Nodes

4. **The region of root involved in absorption of water is:**

(a) Root cap

(b) Meristematic zone

(c) Root hairs

(d) Elongation zone

**Answer:** (c) Root hairs

5. **Root cap is derived from:**

(a) Dermatogen

(b) Calyptrogen

(c) Periblem

(d) Plerome

**Answer:** (b) Calyptrogen

---

### **Stem vs. Root**

6. **Which is NOT a feature of a stem?**

(a) Nodes and internodes

(b) Positive phototropism

(c) Presence of root hairs

(d) Axillary buds

**Answer:** (c) Presence of root hairs

7. **Stem is differentiated from root by:**

(a) Presence of chlorophyll

(b) Nodes and internodes

 (c) Storage of food

(d) All of these

**Answer:** (b) Nodes and internodes

---

### **Leaf Morphology**

8. **Which of the following has reticulate venation?**

(a) Maize

(b) Banana

(c) Neem

(d) Grass

**Answer:** (c) Neem

9. **A simple leaf has:**

(a) Lamina divided into leaflets

(b) Entire lamina

(c) Pinnate arrangement

(d) Palmately lobed margins

**Answer:** (b) Entire lamina

10. **Phyllotaxy refers to:**

(a) Arrangement of leaves on stem

(b) Shape of leaf apex

(c) Venation pattern

(d) Leaf margin

**Answer:** (a) Arrangement of leaves on stem

11. **Opposite phyllotaxy is seen in:**

(a) China rose

(b) Guava

(c) Alstonia

(d) Sunflower

**Answer:** (b) Guava

12. **A leaf with stipules is called:**

(a) Exstipulate

(b) Stipulate

(c) Sessile

(d) Petiolate

**Answer:** (b) Stipulate

---

### **Inflorescence**

13. **Racemose inflorescence is found in:**

(a) Solanum

(b) Mustard

(c) Jasmine

(d) Rose

**Answer:** (b) Mustard

14. **Cymose inflorescence has:**

(a) Limited growth of main axis

(b) Acropetal flowering

(c) No terminal flower

 (d) All of these

**Answer:** (a) Limited growth of main axis

---

### **Flower Structure**

15. **Actinomorphic flowers are found in:**

(a) Pea

(b) Mustard

(c) Gulmohur

(d) Cassia

**Answer:** (b) Mustard

16. **A flower with both androecium and gynoecium is:**

(a) Unisexual

(b) Bisexual

(c) Neutral

(d) Incomplete

**Answer:** (b) Bisexual

17. **Epigynous flowers have:**

(a) Superior ovary

(b) Inferior ovary

(c) Half-inferior ovary

(d) Naked ovary

**Answer:** (b) Inferior ovary

18. **Valvate aestivation is seen in:**

 (a) China rose

(b) Calotropis

(c) Pea

(d) Cassia

**Answer:** (b) Calotropis

19. **Vexillary aestivation is characteristic of:**

(a) Fabaceae

(b) Solanaceae

(c) Liliaceae

(d) Asteraceae

**Answer:** (a) Fabaceae

---

### **Androecium & Gynoecium**

20. **Epipetalous stamens are found in:**

(a) Pea

(b) Brinjal

(c) Mustard

(d) China rose

**Answer:** (b) Brinjal

21. **Polyandrous condition means:**

(a) United stamens

(b) Free stamens

(c) Reduced stamens

(d) Sterile stamens

 **Answer:** (b) Free stamens

22. **Monadelphous stamens are seen in:**

(a) Pea

(b) Citrus

(c) China rose

(d) Mustard

**Answer:** (c) China rose

23. **Apocarpous gynoecium is found in:**

(a) Mustard

(b) Lotus

(c) Tomato

(d) Brinjal

**Answer:** (b) Lotus

24. **Axile placentation occurs in:**

(a) Pea

(b) Primrose

(c) China rose

(d) Sunflower

**Answer:** (c) China rose

25. **Basal placentation is found in:**

(a) Marigold

(b) Pea

(c) Lemon

(d) Mustard
 **Answer:** (a) Marigold

---

### **Fruit & Seed**

26. **Drupe fruit is seen in:**

(a) Mango

(b) Tomato

(c) Pea

(d) Mustard

**Answer:** (a) Mango

27. **A parthenocarpic fruit develops from:**

(a) Fertilized ovary

(b) Unfertilized ovary

(c) Seed

(d) Ovule

**Answer:** (b) Unfertilized ovary

28. **Endosperm is absent in:**

(a) Maize

(b) Bean

(c) Rice

(d) Wheat

**Answer:** (b) Bean

29. **Coleoptile is a feature of:**

(a) Dicot seed

 (b) Monocot seed

(c) Both

(d) None

**Answer:** (b) Monocot seed

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### **Solanaceae Family**

30. **Which is NOT a member of Solanaceae?**

(a) Brinjal

(b) Potato

(c) Mustard

(d) Tomato

**Answer:** (c) Mustard

31. **Solanaceae flowers are:**

(a) Zygomorphic

(b) Actinomorphic

(c) Asymmetric

(d) Unisexual

**Answer:** (b) Actinomorphic

32. **Placentation in Solanaceae is:**

(a) Marginal

(b) Axile

(c) Parietal

(d) Free central

**Answer:** (b) Axile

---

### **Conceptual Questions**

33. **Which plant shows both tap root and fibrous root systems?**

(a) Wheat

(b) Mustard

(c) Banyan

(d) Maize

**Answer:** (c) Banyan (adventitious + tap root in some cases)

34. **A plant with reticulate venation and non-endospermic seed is:**

(a) Gram

(b) Maize

(c) Rice

(d) Wheat

**Answer:** (a) Gram (dicot)

35. **Identify the mismatched pair:**

(a) Mustard – Hypogynous

(b) Guava – Epigynous

(c) Rose – Perigynous

(d) Sunflower – Axile placentation

**Answer:** (d) Sunflower – Axile placentation (Sunflower has basal placentation)

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### **Diagram-Based (Textual Description)**

36. **In a floral diagram, the position of the mother axis is shown by:**

(a) A dot

(b) A cross

(c) A circle

(d) A star

**Answer:** (a) A dot

37. **Floral formula ⊕ K(5) C5 A5 G(2) represents:**

(a) Solanaceae

(b) Fabaceae

(c) Liliaceae

(d) Brassicaceae

**Answer:** (a) Solanaceae

---

### **True or False**

1. **True/False: The primary root in monocotyledonous plants is short-lived and is replaced

by fibrous roots.**

**Answer:** True

2. **True/False: The main function of the root system is to store reserve food material.**

**Answer:** False (The main functions are absorption of water and minerals, providing
anchorage, storing food, and synthesizing plant growth regulators.)

3. **True/False: The stem is generally green when young and later becomes woody and dark
brown.**

**Answer:** True
4. **True/False: The leaf base in monocotyledons expands into a sheath covering the stem
partially or wholly.**

**Answer:** True

5. **True/False: The lamina or leaf blade is the green expanded part of the leaf with veins
and veinlets.**

**Answer:** True

6. **True/False: Reticulate venation is characteristic of most monocotyledons.**

**Answer:** False (Reticulate venation is characteristic of dicotyledonous plants.)

7. **True/False: In pinnately compound leaves, the leaflets are attached at a common point
at the tip of the petiole.**

**Answer:** False (In pinnately compound leaves, leaflets are present on a common axis
called the rachis.)

8. **True/False: Phyllotaxy is the pattern of arrangement of leaves on the stem or branch.**

**Answer:** True

9. **True/False: In racemose inflorescence, the main axis continues to grow and the flowers
are borne laterally in an acropetal succession.**

**Answer:** True

10. **True/False: In cymose inflorescence, the main axis terminates in a flower and the
flowers are borne in a basipetal order.**

**Answer:** True

11. **True/False: A flower having both androecium and gynoecium is called bisexual.**

**Answer:** True
12. **True/False: In actinomorphic flowers, the flower can be divided into two similar halves
in any radial plane passing through the center.**

**Answer:** True

13. **True/False: In zygomorphic flowers, the flower can be divided into two similar halves
only in one particular vertical plane.**

**Answer:** True

14. **True/False: The calyx is the innermost whorl of the flower.**

**Answer:** False (The calyx is the outermost whorl of the flower.)

15. **True/False: The corolla is composed of petals, which are usually brightly colored to
attract insects for pollination.**

**Answer:** True

16. **True/False: The androecium is the female reproductive part of the flower.**

**Answer:** False (The androecium is the male reproductive part of the flower.)

17. **True/False: The gynoecium is made up of one or more carpels.**

**Answer:** True

18. **True/False: The ovary is the enlarged basal part of the carpel on which lies the
elongated tube, the style.**

**Answer:** True

19. **True/False: The stigma is the receptive surface for pollen grains.**

**Answer:** True

20. **True/False: The fruit is a mature or ripened ovary developed after fertilization.**
 **Answer:** True

21. **True/False: A parthenocarpic fruit is formed without the fertilization of the ovary.**

**Answer:** True

22. **True/False: The pericarp of a fruit may be dry or fleshy.**

**Answer:** True

23. **True/False: The seed coat has two layers, the outer testa and the inner tegmen.**

**Answer:** True

24. **True/False: The hilum is a scar on the seed coat through which the developing seeds
were attached to the fruit.**

**Answer:** True

25. **True/False: The micropyle is a small pore above the hilum.**

**Answer:** True

---

### **Fill in the Blanks**

1. **The primary root in monocotyledonous plants is ___________ and is replaced by

fibrous roots.**

**Answer:** short-lived

2. **The main function of the root system is to ___________ water and minerals from the
soil.**

**Answer:** absorb
3. **The stem bears ___________ and ___________ which may be terminal or axillary.**

**Answer:** buds, leaves

4. **The leaf is a ___________ structure borne on the stem.**

**Answer:** lateral

5. **The leaf is attached to the stem by the ___________ and may bear two lateral small
leaf-like structures called ___________.**

**Answer:** leaf base, stipules

6. **The arrangement of veins and veinlets in the lamina of the leaf is termed as
___________.**

**Answer:** venation

7. **When the veinlets form a network, the venation is termed as ___________.**

**Answer:** reticulate

8. **When the veins run parallel to each other within a lamina, the venation is termed as
___________.**

**Answer:** parallel

9. **A leaf is said to be ___________ when its lamina is entire or when incised, the incisions
do not touch the midrib.**

**Answer:** simple

10. **A leaf is called ___________ when the incisions of the lamina reach up to the midrib
breaking it into a number of leaflets.**

**Answer:** compound
11. **Phyllotaxy is the pattern of arrangement of ___________ on the stem or branch.**

**Answer:** leaves

12. **In ___________ inflorescence, the main axis continues to grow and the flowers are
borne laterally in an acropetal succession.**

**Answer:** racemose

13. **In ___________ inflorescence, the main axis terminates in a flower and the flowers
are borne in a basipetal order.**

**Answer:** cymose

14. **A flower is a modified ___________ wherein the shoot apical meristem changes to
floral meristem.**

**Answer:** shoot

15. **A typical flower has four different kinds of whorls arranged successively on the swollen
end of the stalk or pedicel, called ___________ or ___________.**

**Answer:** thalamus, receptacle

16. **Calyx and corolla are ___________ organs, while androecium and gynoecium are
___________ organs.**

**Answer:** accessory, reproductive

17. **The calyx is the ___________ whorl of the flower.**

**Answer:** outermost

18. **The corolla is composed of ___________, which are usually brightly colored to attract
insects for pollination.**

**Answer:** petals
19. **The androecium is composed of ___________, which represent the male reproductive
organ.**

**Answer:** stamens

20. **The gynoecium is the ___________ reproductive part of the flower and is made up of
one or more carpels.**

**Answer:** female

21. **The ovary is the enlarged basal part of the carpel on which lies the elongated tube, the
___________.**

**Answer:** style

22. **The stigma is the ___________ surface for pollen grains.**

**Answer:** receptive

23. **The fruit is a characteristic feature of the ___________ plants.**

**Answer:** flowering

24. **The fruit is a mature or ripened ___________ developed after fertilization.**

**Answer:** ovary

25. **A seed is made up of a ___________ and an ___________.**

**Answer:** seed coat, embryo

---### **True or False**

1. **True/False: Katherine Esau was born in Ukraine in 1898.**

**Answer:** True
2. **True/False: Katherine Esau studied agriculture in Russia and Germany and received her
doctorate in the United States in 1931.**

**Answer:** True

3. **True/False: Katherine Esau reported that the curly top virus spreads through a plant via
the food-conducting or phloem tissue.**

**Answer:** True

4. **True/False: Katherine Esau's book 'Plant Anatomy' was published in 1954 and had a
dynamic, developmental approach.**

**Answer:** True

5. **True/False: Katherine Esau's book 'The Anatomy of Seed Plants' was referred to as the
Webster's of plant biology.**

**Answer:** True

6. **True/False: Katherine Esau was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1957.**

**Answer:** True

7. **True/False: Katherine Esau was the first woman to receive the National Medal of
Science.**

**Answer:** False (She was the sixth woman to be elected to the National Academy of
Sciences, but the statement does not specify she was the first to receive the National Medal
of Science.)

8. **True/False: Katherine Esau died in 1997 at the age of 99.**

**Answer:** True

9. **True/False: Peter Raven, director of Anatomy and Morphology at the Missouri Botanical
Garden, described Katherine Esau as someone who 'absolutely dominated' the field of plant
biology.**
 **Answer:** True

---

### **Fill in the Blanks**

1. **Katherine Esau was born in ___________ in 1898.**

**Answer:** Ukraine

2. **Katherine Esau studied ___________ in Russia and Germany.**

**Answer:** agriculture

3. **Katherine Esau received her doctorate in the ___________ in 1931.**

**Answer:** United States

4. **Katherine Esau reported that the ___________ virus spreads through a plant via the
food-conducting or phloem tissue.**

**Answer:** curly top

5. **Katherine Esau's book 'Plant Anatomy' was published in ___________ and had a
dynamic, developmental approach.**

**Answer:** 1954

6. **Katherine Esau's book 'The Anatomy of Seed Plants' was referred to as the
___________ of plant biology.**

**Answer:** Webster's

7. **Katherine Esau was elected to the ___________ in 1957.**

**Answer:** National Academy of Sciences

8. **Katherine Esau received the National Medal of Science from ___________ in 1989.**

**Answer:** President George Bush

9. **Katherine Esau died in the year ___________ at the age of 99.**

**Answer:** 1997

10. **Peter Raven described Katherine Esau as someone who 'absolutely dominated' the
field of ___________.**

**Answer:** plant biology

---

### **Additional Scientist-Related MCQs**

11. **Which of the following statements about Katherine Esau is FALSE?**

(a) She was born in Ukraine.

(b) She studied agriculture in Russia and Germany.

(c) She was the first woman to receive the National Medal of Science.

(d) She published 'The Anatomy of Seed Plants'.

**Answer:** (c) She was the first woman to receive the National Medal of Science.

12. **Katherine Esau's work on the curly top virus was significant because it:**

(a) Proved the existence of viruses.

(b) Demonstrated the spread of viruses through phloem tissue.

(c) Led to the development of a cure for the virus.

(d) Was the first study on plant viruses.

**Answer:** (b) Demonstrated the spread of viruses through phloem tissue.

13. **Katherine Esau's book 'Plant Anatomy' is known for its:**

(a) Static approach to plant structure.

(b) Dynamic, developmental approach.

(c) Focus on economic plants.

(d) Emphasis on plant genetics.

**Answer:** (b) Dynamic, developmental approach.

14. **The 'Webster's of plant biology' refers to:**

(a) 'Plant Anatomy' by Katherine Esau.

(b) 'The Anatomy of Seed Plants' by Katherine Esau.

(c) 'Plant Physiology' by Taiz and Zeiger.

(d) 'Biology of Plants' by Raven, Evert, and Eichhorn.

**Answer:** (b) 'The Anatomy of Seed Plants' by Katherine Esau.

15. **Katherine Esau was the ___________ woman to be elected to the National Academy
of Sciences.**

(a) First

(b) Fourth

(c) Sixth

(d) Tenth

**Answer:** (c) Sixth

---### **Root Regions - True or False**

1. **True/False: The root cap is a thimble-like structure that covers the apex of the root and
protects it as it grows through the soil.**

**Answer:** True
2. **True/False: The region of meristematic activity in the root is a few millimeters above the
root cap.**

**Answer:** True

3. **True/False: The cells in the meristematic region are small, thin-walled, and have dense
protoplasm.**

**Answer:** True

4. **True/False: The cells in the meristematic region divide repeatedly to contribute to root
growth.**

**Answer:** True

5. **True/False: The region of elongation is proximal to the meristematic region and is

responsible for the growth of the root in length.**

**Answer:** True

6. **True/False: The cells in the region of elongation undergo rapid elongation and
enlargement.**

**Answer:** True

7. **True/False: The region of maturation is proximal to the region of elongation and is

where cells gradually differentiate and mature.**

**Answer:** True

8. **True/False: Root hairs are formed from some of the epidermal cells in the region of
maturation.**

**Answer:** True

9. **True/False: Root hairs are responsible for the absorption of water and minerals from
the soil.**

**Answer:** True
10. **True/False: The root cap is derived from the dermatogen layer of the root.**

**Answer:** False (The root cap is derived from the calyptrogen layer, not the
dermatogen.)

---

### **Root Regions - Fill in the Blanks**

1. **The root cap is a ___________ structure that covers the apex of the root.**

**Answer:** thimble-like

2. **The ___________ region is a few millimeters above the root cap and contains cells that
divide repeatedly.**

**Answer:** meristematic

3. **The cells in the ___________ region are small, thin-walled, and have dense
protoplasm.**

**Answer:** meristematic

4. **The ___________ region is responsible for the growth of the root in length.**

**Answer:** region of elongation

5. **The cells in the region of elongation undergo ___________ and ___________.**

**Answer:** rapid elongation, enlargement

6. **The ___________ region is proximal to the region of elongation and is where cells
gradually differentiate and mature.**

**Answer:** region of maturation

7. **Root hairs are formed from some of the ___________ cells in the region of
maturation.**

**Answer:** epidermal

8. **Root hairs are responsible for the absorption of ___________ and ___________ from
the soil.**

**Answer:** water, minerals

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### **Root Regions - MCQs**

11. **Which of the following is NOT a region of the root?**

(a) Root cap

(b) Meristematic region

(c) Elongation region

(d) Photosynthetic region

**Answer:** (d) Photosynthetic region

12. **The root cap is derived from the ___________ layer of the root.**

(a) Dermatogen

(b) Calyptrogen

(c) Periblem

(d) Plerome

**Answer:** (b) Calyptrogen

13. **The region of meristematic activity in the root is characterized by cells that are:**

(a) Large, thick-walled, and have dense protoplasm.

 (b) Small, thin-walled, and have dense protoplasm.

(c) Large, thin-walled, and have sparse protoplasm.

(d) Small, thick-walled, and have sparse protoplasm.

**Answer:** (b) Small, thin-walled, and have dense protoplasm.

14. **The region of elongation is responsible for:**

(a) Cell division.

(b) Cell differentiation.

(c) Root growth in length.

(d) Absorption of water.

**Answer:** (c) Root growth in length.

15. **Root hairs are formed from:**

(a) Cells in the meristematic region.

(b) Cells in the region of elongation.

(c) Epidermal cells in the region of maturation.

(d) Cells in the root cap.

**Answer:** (c) Epidermal cells in the region of maturation.

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Let me know if you need any more information or clarification on any of the questions!