Grammar Topics by CEFR Level (A1 to C2)
A1 (Beginner)
- Subject pronouns (I, you, he, she)
- Verb to be (am, is, are)
- Basic articles (a, an, the)
- Simple present (affirmative, negative, questions)
- Imperatives (Sit down!, Be quiet.)
- There is / There are
- Plural nouns (regular and irregular)
- Possessive adjectives (my, your, his)
- Basic prepositions of place (in, on, under)
- Demonstratives (this, that, these, those)
- Have got / has got
- Basic adverbs of frequency (always, sometimes)
- Can / can't (ability)
- Simple wh- questions (Whats your name? Where do you live?)
A2 (Elementary)
- Present continuous (I am eating.)
- Past simple (regular and common irregular verbs)
- Countable/uncountable nouns
- Some / any / a lot of / much / many
- Comparatives and superlatives
- Going to (future)
- Adverbs of manner (slowly, quietly)
- Object pronouns (me, him, us)
- Would like / want
- Should / shouldn't (advice)
- Must / mustn't (obligation/prohibition)
- Too / enough
- Basic conjunctions (and, but, because, so)
B1 (Intermediate)
- Present perfect simple (Have you ever?)
- Past continuous (I was watching TV)
- Future with will / wont
- First conditional (If I study, Ill pass.)
- Gerunds and infinitives (like doing, want to go)
- Relative clauses (defining)
- Modal verbs (might, may, could)
- Used to / didn't use to
- Question tags (Youre tired, arent you?)
- Reported speech (statements)
- Reflexive pronouns (myself, yourself)
- Zero conditional (If you heat ice, it melts.)
B2 (Upper Intermediate)
- Present perfect continuous (Ive been working)
- Past perfect (I had seen the film)
- Second conditional (If I were you)
- Passive voice (all tenses)
- Reported speech (questions, commands)
- Relative clauses (non-defining)
- Wish / If only (present)
- Mixed conditionals
- Causative form (have/get something done)
- Inversion for emphasis (Rarely had I seen)
- Discourse markers (however, therefore, nevertheless)
C1 (Advanced)
- Future perfect / Future continuous
- Inversion in conditional sentences (Had I known)
- Advanced modal verbs (speculation/deduction)
- Wish / If only (past)
- Ellipsis and substitution (so do I, neither does she)
- Nominalisation (Turning verbs/adjectives into nouns)
- Complex relative clauses
- Idiomatic expressions with grammar structures
- Emphatic structures (What I did was)
- Participle clauses (Given the time, I would)
C2 (Proficient)
- Nuanced modal usage (He should have been told.)
- Complex inversion and fronting
- Advanced conditionals (Were he to arrive)
- Subjunctive mood (I suggest that he be removed.)
- Discourse-level grammar (cohesion, reference chains)
- Style and register manipulation
- Ambiguity and manipulation of meaning
- Advanced ellipsis and substitution
- Unusual word order for rhetorical effect
