Solution

CBSE 12 SOLUTION

Class 12 - Chemistry
Section A
1. i. CH3OH is a better reagent for depression in freezing point but not for elevation in boiling point.
ii. The depression in freezing point will be the same in both the solutions because both are non-electrolytes and gives the same
number of solutes.
iii. Glycol will be better than glycerol because it is more volatile than glycerol.
iv. The sequence of the economy to use these compounds as antifreeze is Methanol > Glycol > Glycerol.
v. Ethylene glycol lowers the freezing point of water therefore, it doesn't freeze in a hill station.
2. Colligative properties are those properties of dilute solutions which depend only on the number of molecules or solute particles
and not on the chemical nature of the solute.
3. It means that 0.1 mol of the solute is dissolved in 1 kg of the solvent.

4. MOLARITY(M) MOLALITY(m)

It is the number of moles of solute dissolved per litre of the It is the number of moles of solute dissolved in 1Kg of the
solution solvent

It decreases with increase in temperature It has no effect on temperature

Unit: mol/L Unit: mol/Kg

5. (d) Methanol and acetone.

Explanation: A mixture of Methanol and acetone shows positive deviation because methanol-methanol and acetone-acetone
interactions are stronger than methanol-acetone. The more hydrogen bonds are broken the less number of new H-bonds are
formed.
6. (c) 138,258
Explanation: 138,258
Section B
7. The various quantities known to us are as follows:
p10 = 0.850 bar; p = 0.845 bar; M1 = 78g mol-1; w2 = 0.5 g; w1 = 39 g
Substituting these values in equation of relative lowering of vapour pressure, we get
−1
0.850 bar −0.845 bar 0.5g×78gmol

0.850 bar
= M2 ×39g

Therefore, M2 = 170 g mol-1

OR
Common salt contains Na+ and Cl- which
increase osmotic pressure of blood, therefore increase blood pressure. So an increase in
salt intake retains the fluids which raises the blood pressure by increasing the blood volume and can increase the work load on the
heart.
8. ∝= 0.5 , AB → A +
+ B
−
Number of particles n = 2
i−1 i−1
∝= ⇒ 0.5 = ; i = 1.5
n−1 2−1

ΔTf = i × kf × m

= 1.5 × 1.86 × 1 = 2.79

Freezing point of the solution T = T − △T

f
0
f f

= 273 - 2.79 = 270.21K

9. Since both the components are coming in the distillate and composition of the liquid and vapour phase become the same, this
shows that liquids have formed azeotropic mixture. Therefore, these components cannot be separated at this stage by distillation
or fraction distillation.
10. Henry's law: It states that at a given temperature, the mass of the gas dissolved per unit volume of the solvent is proportional to the
pressure of the gas in equilibrium with the solution.
m = K.p where m is the mass of the gas dissolved per unit volume of solvent and p is pressure of the gas in equilibrium with

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 solution, K is proportionality constant.
Applications : It is used:
i. in the production of carbonated beverages.
ii. in the deep sea diving
iii. in the function of lungs
11. It is done to lower the freezing point of water so, that it does not freeze in a hill station.
OR
i < 1 if solute molecules undergo association. This is because the observed molar mass of the solute would be more than normal
molar mass.
Section C
12. K2SO4 dissolved = 25 mg = 0.025 g
Volume of solution = 2 litre
T = 25°C = 25 + 273 = 298 K
Molar mass of K2SO4 =M 2 = (1 × 39) + (1 × 32) + (1 × 16) = 174g/mol

As K2SO4 dissociates completely as K 2 SO4 → 2K

+
+ SO
2−

i.e. ions produced (i) = 3

π = i C RT
W 1
π = i × × RT
M V

atm K-1 mol-1 × 298 K

0.025g 1
= 3 × × × 0.0821L
−1 2L
174 g mol

= 5.27 × 10-3 atm

13. Degree of dissociation of AB = 100
5
= 0.05

+ −
AB → A +B

M 0 0

No. of moles dissolved

No. of moles after dissociations
m (1 − α) mα mα

0.1 (1 − 0.05) 0.1 × 0.05 0.1 × 0.05

Total moles = [0.1(1 − 0.05)] + (0.1 × 0.05) + (.1 × 0.05)

= 0.095 + 0.005 + 0.005 = 0.105 m
ΔTf = Kf . m

= 1.86 × 0.105

= 0.1953 deg.
0 0
Tf = 0 C − 0.1953 = − 0.1953 C

OR
Molarity is given by:
Molarity = Moles of solute

Volume solution in litre

1. Molar mass of Co(NO3)2 6H2O = 59 + 2 (14 + 3 × 16) + (6 × 18)= 291 g mol-1

Therefore, Moles of C o(N O 3 )2 ⋅ 6H2 O =
30

291
mol
= 0.103 mol
0.103mol
Therefore, molarity = 4.3L

= 0.023 M
2. Number of moles present in 1000 mL of 0.5 M H2SO4 = 0.5 mol
∴ Number of moles present in 30 mL of 0.5 M H 2 SO4 =
0.5×30

1000
mol
= 0.015 mol
Therefore, molarity= 0.015

0.5 L
mol
= 0.03 M
14. i. Out of (CH3)3 C-Br and (CH3)3C-I, (CH3)3C-I is more reactive towards SN1 due to the large size of iodine. Also, iodine is a
better-leaving group due to lower electronegativity.

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 ii. The reaction is as follows:

iii. Dextoro and laevo rotatory isomers of Butan-2-ol are enantiomers. Enantiomers have the same boiling points and the same
physical properties. So, it is difficult to separate them by fractional distillation.
15. Molar mass of CH3CH2CHCl COOH
M2 = (4 × 12) + (7 × 1) + (2 × 16) + (1 × 35.5) = 122.5g/mol

Number of moles of
10
CH3CH2CHCl COOH = 122.5

= 8.16 × 10-2 mole

∴ Molality of the solution (m)
−2
8.16× 10 mol −1
(m) = × 1000 g K g
250

= 0.3264m
If x is the degree of dissociation of CH3CH2CHCl COOH then
−
C H3 C H2 C HC lC OOH ⇌ C H3 C H2 C HC lC O O +
−1 +
n mol L 0 H
nx nx
n(x−1)

To calculate Van't Hoff factor

Total moles of particles
= n[1 - x + x + x]
= n [1 + x]
n(1+x)
i = = 1 + x
n

We know that
−
−−
Ka
x = √
x
−−−−−−
−3

= √
1.4×10

0.3264
= 0.065
i = 1 + 0.065 = 1.065
ΔTf = i Kf m

= 1.065 × 1.86 × 0.3264 = 0.65°

16. According to the question, a solution containing 1.9 g per 100 mL of KCl (M = 74.5 g mol–1 ) is isotonic with a solution
containing 3 g per 100 mL of urea (M = 60 g mol–1 ).
As solution is isotonic,
π (urea) = π (KCI)
1 2

⇒ C1RT = iC2RT

n1 n2
⇒
V1
= i
V2
(∵V1 = V2)
3 1.9
⇒ = i ×
60 74.5

⇒ i = 1.96
i−1
We know that, α = n−1
1.96−1
=
2−1

= 0.96

​= 96%
OR
Let total mass of solution = 100 g
Mass of ethylene glycol W2 = 20 g

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 Mass of solvent (water) W1 = 80 g
Molar mass of [C2H6O2]
M1 = (12 × 2) + (1 × 6) + (2 × 16)

= 24 + 6 + 32
= 62 g mol-1
Molar mass of water (H2O)

M2= 18g mol-1

W1
Molar of water n 1 =
M1
=
80

18
= 4.44 mole

Moles of C2H6O2
W2 20
n2 = =
M2 62

= 0.322 mol
n2
Mole fraction of C 2 H6 O2 =
n1 + n2

=
0.322

4.44+0.322
= 0.068
Section D
17. a. The order of depression in freezing point is C H 3 C OOH < C l3 C − C OOH < F3 C − C OOH . As fluorine is most
electronegative so causes highest electron withdrawing inductive effect (-I effect). Consequently, it is strongest acid. Hence
C F C OOH ionises to the largest extent while acetic acid ionises to minimum extent. As we know greater the ions produced,
3

more will be depression in freezing point. Hence, the depression in freezing point is maximum for the fluoroacetic acid and
minimum for acetic acid.
b. Given, w = 65.0g
A

0
ΔTf = 7.5 C

0
Kf = 1.86 C /m

i = 1.87
−1
MB = 58.5 g mo l

As we know,
i× Kf × wB ×1000

ΔTf =
M2 × wA

ΔT × MB × w
f A
⇒ wB =
i× K ×1000
f

∘ −1
7.5 C×58.5g mo l ×65g
wB =
∘ −1
1.87× 1.86 C/m×1000g kg

= 8.199 g.
OR
The colligative properties like elevation in boiling point and depression in freezing point depend upon molality of solution, this is
called colligative molality. We get abnormal molecular mass if the solute either undergoes association or dissociation.
ΔTf = i Kf × m

0.256 = i × 5.12 × 0.1

0.256 1
i = =
0.512 2

As the value of van't hoff factor is less than 1, the benzoic acid undergoes association in solution.
Benzoic acid exists as dimer in benzene.

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