Solution

ISC 12 SOLUTION

Class 12 - Chemistry
Section A
1. 1. Molality
2. 1. Hypertonic
3. 1. Positive, negative
4. (d) 3.5
2
RT ×m
f
Explanation: K ′
f
=
1000×ΔH
f

2
RT ×m
′ b
K =
b 1000×ΔH
V
′ 2
K T
f f ΔHV
∴ = ×
′ 2 ΔH
K T f
b b
′ 2
K ×T 2
ΔHv 6.72×(375)
or = 3.5
f b
= =
ΔHf ′ 2 2
K ×T 3.0×(300)
b f

5. (a) High vapour pressure

Explanation: High vapour pressure leads to the weak intermolecular forces of attraction in a liquid. Weaker are the
intermolecular forces of attractions, more is the tendency for evaporation, more is vapor pressure, lower is the boiling point.

6. (c)

Explanation:
According to Henry’s law (at constant temperature)
pgas= K × χ H = K × [1 − χ
gas( solute H H2 O( solvent ) ]

pgas = KH − KH χH
2O

Pgas = partial pressure of the gas above its solution with a liquid (solvent) say water.
χgas = mole fraction of the gas (solute) in the solution.
χH
2O
= mole fraction of water (solvent).

[i.e. Pgas = KH ] Higher the value of KH, higher will be the partial pressure of the gas (pgas), at a given temperature. The plot of
pgas vs χ H2 O gives a (-ve) slope.
Pgas = KH - KH × χ H2 O

Comparing the above equation with the equation of straight line y - m x + c

Slope = - KH , intercept = KH
So, (i) Higher the value of KH more (-ve) will be the slope and it is for z (KH = 40 K bar)
(ii) Higher the value of KH, higher with the value of intercept, i.e. partial pressure and it is also for z.

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 7. (c) A is true but R is false.
Explanation: At 373 K (100oC) the vapour pressure of water is equal to 1 atmospheric pressure which is 1.013 bar.
8. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: By mixing two dissimilar substances, their molecular environment changes. Suppose the two components that
are mixed to form a non-ideal solution are A and B. When A - B interaction < A - A or B - B interactions, there is a positive
deviation from Raoult's law. When A-B interaction > A - A or B - B interactions, there is a negative deviation from Raoult's
law.
9. It means that 0.1 mol of the solute is dissolved in 1 kg of the solvent.
10. Henry’s law states that the partial vapour pressure (p) of the gas is proportional to the mole fraction (x) of the gas dissolved in the
solution.
p= KHx KH is called Henry's law constant.
When a mixture of gases is brought in contact with the solvent, each constituent gas dissolves in proportion to its own partial
pressure. Therefore ,Henry's law is applied to each gas independent of presence of other gas.
A graph of partial pressure of gas against mole fraction of the gas in solution at a given temperature is drawn, a straight line
passing through the origin is obtained. The slope of the line gives the Henry's law constant.
Section B
W ×R×T
11. Osmotic pressure (π ) = M×V

W = 5 gm, R = 0·0821 L atm K-1 mol-1

V(Volume in litres) = 100

1000

= 0.1 litres, M = 60 gm/mole, T = 300 K

π =
5×0.0821×300

60×0.1

Osmotic pressure at 300K = 20.18 atm

12. Density = mass
= 0.996g/cm
volume
3

0.996 = mass

3
200 cm

M ass = 0.996 × 200 = 199.2 g

Mass% of glucose = mass of volume

mass of water+mass of glucose

× 100

11
= 100 = 5.23%
199.2+11

13. NaCl is a non-volatile solute, therefore, the addition of NaCl to water lowers the vapour pressure of water. As a result boiling
point of water increases. On the other hand, methyl alcohol is more volatile than water, therefore its addition increases the total
vapour pressure over the solution. As a result, the boiling point of water decreases.
14. Common salt contains Na+ and Cl- which increase osmotic pressure of blood, therefore increase blood pressure. So an increase in
salt intake retains the fluids which raises the blood pressure by increasing the blood volume and can increase the work load on the
heart.
OR
For dilution -
M1 V1 = M2 V2
M1 V1 0.65M×20ml
V2 = = = 65ml
M2 0.2M

Vol of water to be added to 20 ml = V 2 − V1 = 65 ml - 20 ml = 45 ml.

18 g
15. Moles of glucose = −1
= 0.1 mol
180 gmol

Number of kilograms of solvent = 1 kg

Thus molality of glucose solution = 0.1 mol kg-1 For water, change in boiling point
The elevation (Tb) in boiling point is

ΔTb = Kb × m = 0.52 K kg mol-1 × 0.1 mol kg-1 = 0.052 k

Since water boils at 373.15 K at 1.013 bar pressure, therefore, the boiling point of the solution will be 373.15 + 0.052 = 373.202
K.
OR
Sore throats are sore due to inflammation, caused usually by bacterial infection. These bacteria are also full of fluid. When you
gargle with salt water, osmosis occurs. The higher concentration of salt in gargle helps to draw liquid or moisture out of your
swollen tissues of throat, relieving inflammation. Saline water is hypertonic that's why fluids causing irritation in throat will come
out.

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 Section C
16. The freezing point of pure water is 273.15 K. On dissolving ethylene glycol, freezing point, being a colligative property, will be
lowered.
ws ×1000
ΔTf =K f
Ms ×W

We are given that

Kf for water = 1.86 K kg mol-1
Mass of solute, Ws = 31g

Molar mass of ethylene glycol = 62 g mol-1

Mass of water, W = 600 g
∴ ΔT = 1.86 × = 1.54 K 31×1000
f
62×600

Hence, the freezing point of the solution,

Tf = 273.15 K - 1.54 K
= 271.61 K
17. Volume = mass/density
3 3
= 100g/1.10glcm = 90.9cm

M = % × density × 10/molar
mass of solute = 15 × 1.1 × 10

98
= 1.68M

no. of moles of H2 SO4

Molarity = volume of solution
× 1000

no. of moles of solute

Molality = mass of solvent in kg

(15/98)

85g
× 1000 = 1.8 M
OR
Molality (m) : It is the number of moles of the solute dissolved per kilogram (kg) of the solvent. It is denoted by m.
∴ Molality (m) =
No. of Moles of solute

Mass of solvent in kg

W2 ×1000
∴ m =
M2 × W1

Where W1 = mass of solvent

W2 = mass of solute
M2 = Molar mass of solute . Unit is mol/Kg
Molarity (m): It is the number of moles of the solute dissolved per litre of the solution. It is denoted by M.
Molarity = No. of moles of solute

Volume of solution in litre

W2 ×1000
∴ M =
M2 × V1

where W2 = mass of solvent

M2 = molar mass of solute
V = Volume of solution. Unit is mol/L
The molarity and molality of a solution will be nearly same if the mass of solvent is nearly equal to the volume of solution.
18. Total amount of solute present in the mixture is given by,
25 40
300 × + 400 ×
100 100

= 75 + 160
= 235 g
Total amount of solution = 300 + 400 = 700 g
Therefore, mass percentage (w/w) of the solute in the resulting solution,
235
= × 100%
700

= 33.57%
And, mass percentage (w/w) of the solvent in the resulting solution,
= (100 - 33.57) %
= 66.43%
19. Mass of O = 6 × 10 2
−3
g
mass of o2
ppm of O in 10 2
30
g sea water = mass of sea water
6
× 10

−3
6×10 6
= × 10 = 5.8ppm.
1030

OR

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 Here,
T = 300 K
π = 1.52 bar

R = 0.083 bar L K mol −1 −1

Applying the relation,

π = CRT
π
C =
RT
1.52 bar
=
−1 −1
0.083 bar L K mo l ×300 k

= 0.061 mol
Since the volume of the solution is 1 L, the concentration of the solution would be 0.061 M.
20. Degree of dissociation of AB = = 0.05
100
5

+ −
AB → A +B

M 0 0

No. of moles dissolved

No. of moles after dissociations
m (1 − α) mα mα

0.1 (1 − 0.05) 0.1 × 0.05 0.1 × 0.05

Total moles = [0.1(1 − 0.05)] + (0.1 × 0.05) + (.1 × 0.05)

= 0.095 + 0.005 + 0.005 = 0.105 m
ΔTf = Kf . m

= 1.86 × 0.105

= 0.1953 deg.
0 0
Tf = 0 C − 0.1953 = − 0.1953 C

Section D
21. a. Given,
wB (glucose) = 0.520 g
wA (H2 O) = 80.2 g
−1
Kf (H2 O) = 1.86K m
−1
M2 (glucose) = 180 g mol
Kf × wB ×1000

ΔTf =
MB × wA
−1
1.86Km ×0.520g×1000
ΔTf =
−1
180g mo l ×80.2g

0
ΔTf = 0.0669 K or 0.0669 C

0 0
T − Tf = 0.0669 C
f

0
0 − Tf = 0.0669 C

0
Tf = 0.0669 C

b. Given, w = 500 g A

Boiling point of solution (T b

)= 100.42 C
0

−1
Kb (H2 O) = 0.512 K kg mo l M2 (C3 H8 O3 )

= (3 × 2) + (8 × 1) + (3 × 16)

−1
= 92 g mol

0
ΔTb = Tb − T
b

= 373.42 − 373 K = 0.420 K

As we know
kb × wB ×1000
ΔTb =
MB × wA

ΔTb × MB × wA
⇒ wB =
K ×1000
b
−1
0.42 K ×92 g mo l ×500g
wB = = 377.3g
−
0.512 K kg mo l ×100kg −1

OR

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 i. ΔP

0
= i xB , i =
1

2
P
WB
61

nB M
B 122
xB = = =
nA + nB W W 500 61
A B +
+
78 122
M MB
A
0.5 ΔP 1 0.5
xB = , = ×
6.91 66.6 2 6.91
0.5×66.6
ΔP = = 2.41
2×6.91

P0 -
P = 2.41
p = 66.6 - 2.40
= 64.20 torr.
ii. In the absence of dimerisation.
i=1
ΔP
= xB
0
P

ΔP =
0.5

6.91
× 66.6 = 4.82
P = 66.6 - 4.82 = 61.78 torr.
iii. From Raoult's law
x1 = mole fraction of liquid 1
x2 = mole fraction of liquid 2
0
P1 = x1 P
1

0
P2 = x2 P
2

y1 = mole fraction of component 1 in vapour phase.

y2 = mole fraction of component 2 in vapour phase.
P1 P1
y1 = =
Ptotal P1 + P2

P2 P2
y2 = =
Ptotal P1 + P2

0 0
x1 P x1 P
1 1
y1 = =
0 0 0 0
x1 P + x2 P x1 P +(1− x1 ) P
1 2 1 2
0
x2 P
2
y2 =
0 0
x1 P + x2 P
1 2

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