Test Name: ROTATIONAL DYNAMICS -NEW SET C Subjects: Physics

Marks: 20 Standard: XII Science English Maharashtra State

Board

Duration: 1 HR

SECTION A

1. Select and write the correct answer for the following multiple choice type of questions: 3

i. When a torque acting on a system is increased, then which one of the following quantities will increase?

(A) Linear momentum (B) Angular momentum

(C) Force (D) Displacement

ii. For a rolling hollow sphere, ratio of translational K.E: rotational K.E: total K.E is

(A) 3 : 2 : 5 (B) 1 : 2 : 5

(C) zero (D) 5 : 3 : 2

iii. A 10 kg object attached to a nylon cord outside a space vehicle is rotating at a speed of 5 m/s. If the force
acting on the cord is 100 N, its radius of path is

(A) 2.5 m (B) 5 m

(C) 7.5 m (D) 1 m

Ans: Using, F =

∴ r= = = = 2.5 m

2. Answer the following questions: 3

i. State the expression for tangential velocity (in vector form) when a body is performing circular motion. Also,
express it in its magnitude.

i. In vector form, tangential velocity is given by,

= ×
ii. The magnitude of is given by, v = ωr

ii. Calculate the moment of inertia of a uniform disc of mass 10 kg and radius 60 cm about an axis
perpendicular to its length and passing through its centre.

M.I. of uniform disc about an axis perpendicular to its length and passing through its centre,
I = MR2 = × 10 × (0.6)2 = 5 × 0.36 = 1.8 kg m2

iii. Name and explain the rule used to determine the direction of angular velocity.

Right hand thumb rule.

 Explanation:

To know the direction of , curl the fingers of the right hand along the sense of rotation, with the thumb
outstretched. The outstretched thumb then gives the direction of .

SECTION B

Attempt any TWO questions of the following: 4

3. A circular disc has a mass of 1.2 kg and its radius is 25 cm. It rotates about its diameter at 500 rad/s. What
is the torque required to bring it to rest in 10 s?

The torque required to bring the circular disc to rest is 0.9375 N m.

4. Compare the radius of gyration of a uniform ring and uniform disc. What can you infer from it?

i. Consider a uniform ring and a uniform disc, both of the same mass M and same radius R.
ii. Let Ir and Id be their respective moment of inertias.
iii. If Kr and Kd are their respective radii of gyration, then,

Ir = MR2 =
∴ Kr = R ….(1)

Id = MR2 =
∴ Kd = ….(2)
From equation (1) and (2),
∴ Kd < Kr
iv. It shows mathematically that K is decided by the distribution of mass.
v. In a ring the entire mass is distributed at the distance R, while for a disc, its mass is distributed between 0 and
R.
vi. Among any objects of same mass and radius, ring has the largest radius of gyration and hence maximum M.I.

5. Distinguish between centripetal force and centrifugal force.

Sr.
Centripetal force Centrifugal force
No.

Centripetal force is directed along the Centrifugal force is directed along the
i.
radius towards the centre of a circle. radius away from the centre of a circle.

ii. It is a real force. It is a pseudo force.

It is considered in inertial frame of It is considered in non-inertial frame of

iii.
reference. reference.

In vector form, it is given by In vector form, it is given by

iv. = ­– =+
with usual notations. with usual notations.

6. A. What is circular motion?

 Motion of an object around a circular path is called as circular motion.

B. Define uniform circular motion.

During circular motion, if the speed of the particle remains constant, it is called Uniform Circular Motion (UCM).

SECTION C

Attempt any TWO questions of the following: 6

7. State and prove the principle of parallel axes in rotational motion.

Statement: The moment of inertia (Io) of an object about any axis is the sum of its moment of inertia (Ic) about
an axis parallel to the given axis, and passing through the centre of mass and the product of the mass of the
object and the square of the distance between the two axes.
Mathematically, Io = Ic + Mh2
Proof:
i. Consider an object of mass M. Axis MOP is any axis passing through point O.
ii. Axis ACB is passing through the centre of mass C of the object, parallel to the axis MOP, and at a distance h
from it (∴ h = CO).

iii. Consider a mass element ‘dm’ located at point D. Perpendicular on OC (produced) from point D is DN.
iv. Moment of inertia of the object about the axis ACB is Ic = dm, and about the axis MOP it is Io =
dm.
∴ Io = dm =

= ….(using Pythagoras theorem in ΔDNC)

=
Now, and
v. NC is the distance of a point from the centre of mass. Any mass distribution is symmetric about the centre of
mass. Thus, from the definition of the centre of mass,
∴ Io = Ic + Mh2
This is the mathematical form of the theorem of parallel axes.

8. Obtain an expression relating the torque with angular acceleration for a rigid body.

i. Consider a rigid object rotating with a constant angular acceleration ‘α’ about an axis perpendicular to the
plane of paper.

ii. Let us consider the object to be consisting of N number of particles of masses m1, m2,…..mN at respective
perpendicular distances r1, r2,…..rN from the axis of rotation.
iii. As the object rotates, all these particles perform circular motion with same angular acceleration α, but with
different linear (tangential) accelerations a1 = r1α, a2 = r2α,…., aN = rNα, etc.
iv. Force experienced by the first particle is, f1 = m1a1 = m1r1α
v. As these forces are tangential, the irrespective perpendicular distances from the axis are r1, r2, …..rN.
 vi. Thus, the torque experienced by the first particle is of magnitude τ1 = f1r1 =
Similarly, τ2 = , τ3 = …. τN = ­
vii. If the rotation is restricted to a single plane, directions of all these torques are the same, and along the axis.
viii. Magnitude of the resultant torque is then given by
τ = τ1 + τ2 +….+τN
=
where, I = is the moment of inertia of the object about the given axis of
rotation.

9. A big dumb-bell is prepared by using a uniform rod of mass 60 g and length 20 cm. Two identical solid
thermocol spheres of mass 25 g and radius 10 cm each are at the two ends of the rod. Calculate moment of
inertia of the dumb-bell when rotated about an axis passing through its centre and perpendicular to the
length.

Moment of inertia of the dumb-bell when rotated about an axis passing through its centre and perpendicular to the
length is 24000 gcm2.

SECTION D

Attempt any ONE question of the following: 4

10. State and explain the principle of conservation of angular momentum. Use a suitable illustration. Do we use
it in our daily life? When?

Principle: Angular momentum of an isolated system is conserved in the absence of an external unbalanced
torque.
Proof:
i. Angular momentum or the moment of linear momentum of a system is given by,

where is the position vector from the axis of rotation and is the linear momentum.
ii. Differentiating with respect to time, we get,

iii. Now, = and =

∴ =

Now =0

∴ =

iv. But is the moment of force or torque .

∴ =
Thus, if = 0, = 0 or = constant.

Hence, angular momentum is conserved in the absence of external unbalanced torque .

v. This is the principle of conservation of angular momentum, analogous to the conservation of linear momentum.
Examples of conservation of angular momentum: During some shows of ballet dance, acrobat in a circus, sports
like ice skating, diving in a swimming pool, etc., the principle of conservation of angular momentum is realized.
vi. Illustration:
Ballet dancers:
a. During ice ballet, the dancers have to undertake rounds of smaller and larger radii.
b. The dancers come together by taking rounds of smaller radius (near the centre).
c. In this case, the moment of inertia of their system becomes minimum and the frequency increases, to make it
thrilling.
d. While during outer rounds, the dancers outstretch their legs and arms.
e. This increases their moment of inertia that reduces the angular speed and hence the linear speed. This is
essential to prevent slipping.

11. A. State an expression for moment of inertia of a thin uniform disc about its diameter.
 Expression of M.I of uniform disc about its diameter:
a. Let, IX = M.I of disc about diameter XX′,

IY = M.I of disc about YY′⊥ar to XX′

IZ = M.I of disc about ZZ′⊥ ar to plane

b. Since the disc is symmetrical about any of its diameter,
∴ IX = IY = Id
where Id is M.I of disc about any of its diameter.
c. Applying perpendicular axis theorem,
IZ = IX + IY ....[ IZ = I]
∴ I = Id + Id = 2 Id

∴ Id = = × MR2
∴ Id =

B. A body of mass 1 kg is tied to a string and revolved in a horizontal circle of radius 1 m. Calculate the
maximum number of revolutions per minute, so that the string does not break. Breaking tension of the string
is 9.86 N.

The maximum number of revolutions per minute is 30.