Computer Application
CHAPTER – 02
HARDWARE COMPONENTS
4/5/2025 TMU – COMPUTER APPLICATION – BY ABDILLAHI OSMAN H.ABDI 1
Previous Chapter’s Outline
Definition of Computer
Difference between data and information
Computer Literacy
Hardware VS Software
Components of a Computer
Various types of software
Categories of Computers
Uses of computer technology
Today’s Outline
Keyboard
Mouse and Touchpad
Web camera and Microphones
Scanner
Printer
Display
Speakers
Power Supply Unit
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Random Access Memory (RAM)
Keyboard
A keyboard is an input device
that contains keys you press to
enter data and sometimes
instructions into a computer.
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Keyboards (cont..)
Desktop keyboards usually have 101 to 105 keys while smaller
form factor keyboards contain fewer keys.
All keyboards have a typing area used to type letters of
alphabet, numbers, punctuation marks and other characters.
Most keyboards also have:
Numeric Keys – designed to enter numbers
Function Keys – programmed to issue command (instruction) and
accomplish tasks.
Arrow Keys – used to move the insertion point.
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Keyboards (cont..)
Toggle Keys – keys that can be switched between two different
states. (ON or OFF)
Modifier keys - Keys that temporarily modify the function of
other keys while being held down but do not stay active after
being released
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Mouse
A Mouse is an input device that allows a user
to control a small symbol on the screen called
the pointer.
It typically has at least two buttons on the
top and sometimes includes a scroll wheel.
The mouse is used to move the pointer on the Mouse
screen, and by clicking its buttons, users can
perform various actions on objects displayed.
Pointer
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Different Mouse Types
Mechanical Mouse: Uses a rubber or metal ball to
detect movement, which is translated into signals for
the computer.
Optical Mouse: Uses light instead of moving parts,
works on most surfaces, is more precise, and doesn’t
require cleaning.
Cordless (Wireless) Mouse: A battery-powered mouse
that transmits data and instruction in radio waves.
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Touchpad / Trackpad
Touchpad is a flat, built-in input
device found on laptops that performs
the same functions as a mouse.
Users move the pointer by sliding
their fingers on its surface and can Built-in
touchpad
tap or use gestures to interact with
objects.
Although touchpads are typically built
into laptops, external ones can also be
connected to a desktop computer External
Touchpad
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Web Camera and Microphone
A web camera is an input device
that allows a user to capture
videos and images.
A Microphone is an input
device that captures sound.
Both web camera and Microphone
can be built-in or external.
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Scanner
A scanner is a light-sensing
input device that converts
printed text and images into
a form the computer can
process.
It comes into different
forms such as flatbed,
handheld and so on.
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Printer
A Printer is an output
device that produces
text and graphics on a
physical medium, such
as paper or other
material.
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Display
A Display (monitor) is
an output device that
visually deliver text,
graphics, and video
information into the
user.
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Speakers
Speakers allow you to hear audio such
as music, voice, and other sound stored
on a computer.
They can be:
Built-in Speakers.
External Speakers.
Headphones
Earbuds
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Power Supply Unit
The power supply unit (PSU) converts alternating
current (AC) from the electrical outlet into
direct current (DC), which is the type of power
required by computer components.
Also, It steps down the power from the outlet to
a level that is safe and usable for the computer's
internal components.
Laptops don’t have an internal power supply unit
(PSU) like desktop computers. Instead, they use an
external power adapter that performs the same
function as a PSU.
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Central Processing Unit (CPU)
The CPU (Central Processing Unit) is the brain of
the computer. It processes all the instructions from
software and hardware to make your computer work.
Types of CPUs
Single Core – one processing unit (slow for
multitasking)
Dual-core, Quar-core, Octa-core - more core means
better multitasking.
Popular CPU Brands
Intel (Core i3, i5, i7, i9)
AMD (Ryzen 3, 5, 7, 9)
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Random Access Memory (RAM)
A type of volatile memory that temporarily
stores data for quick access.
DIMM
Helps the CPU run applications smoothly.
Faster than other storage (HDD/SSD) For Desktop
Computers
Loses data when power is off
Measured in GB (e.g., 8GB, 16GB)
More RAM = Faster performance & Better SODIMM
Multitasking.
For Laptops
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What is next in our course?
Basic knowledge of a computer and its
components
Basic usage of a windows computer.
Microsoft Office Programs:
MS Office Word
MS Office PowerPoint
MS Office Excel
Internet
4/5/2025
Join Google Classroom
Step 2
Step 3
Step 1
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End
Thank You!
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