8.
Civil Disobedience Movement
Q.1 Rewrite the statements by choosing the appropriate options.
(Mahatma Gandhi, Khuda-i-Khidmatgar, Ramsay Mac Donald,
Sarojini Naidu)
(1) Ramsay Mac Donald organised the Round Table Conference
in London.
(2) Khan Abdul Gafar Khan established the organisation named
Khuda-i-Khidmatgar
(3) Sarojini Naidu led the Dharasana Satyagraha.
(4) In the Second Round Table Conference Mahatma Gandhi
participated as a representative of Indian National Congress.
Q.2 Explain the following statements with reasons.
(1) Chandrasingh Thakur was court martialled and severely
punished.
Ans. a. On 23 April 1930, he started satyagraha at Peshawar.
b. The town was in the hands of the satyagrahis nearly for a
week.
c. The British Government gave orders to the Garhwal regiment
to carry out open firing on the Satyagrahis, but Chandrasingh
Thakur, an officer of Garhwal Regiment, refused to open fire.
d. He was court martialled and was given a severe punishment.
(2) The Government declared Martial Law at Solapur.
Ans. a. The mill workers were on the forefront in the Solapur
satyagraha. On 6 May 1930, hartal was observed in Solapur. A huge
procession was organised in Solapur.
b. The District Collector gave orders of firing on the procession.
c. Many volunteers along with Shankar Shivdare died in the firing.
d. As a result, people started attacking police stations, railway
station, courts, municipal buildings etc. The Government declared
Martial Law in order to suppress the agitation.
(3) The deliberations in the First Round Table Conference proved
to be meaningless.
Ans. a. In the First Round Table conference there were discussions on
various topics such as Responsible Government at central level,
establishment of federal State in India etc.
b. Representatives of different political parties in India and rulers of
Princely states participated in the conference.
c. However, the Indian National Congress did not participate in it.
The Indian National Congress was a body that represented the
country. Without its participation, the deliberations in the Round
Table Conference were indeed meaningless.
(4) Gandhiji began fast unto death in the Yerwada jail.
a. Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar represented the Dalits in the Round
Table Conference.
b. He demanded separate electorates for the Dalits.
c. After the Second Round Table Conference the British Prime
Minister Ramsay MacDonald declared ‘Communal Awards’.
d. According to it, Dalits were given separate electorates.
Hence Gandhiji went on fast unto death at Yerwada jail protesting
against the granting of separate electorate on the basis of caste.
3. Answer the following questions in 25 to 30 words.
(1) Why did Gandhiji decide to break the Salt Act to begin the satyagraha
all over the country?
Ans. *Gandhiji put up various demands in front of the British
Government.
*One of the important demand was to cancel the salt tax and
monopoly of British Government for manufacture of salt.
*But because the demands of Gandhiji were rejected by the
Government he decided to launch Satyagraha all over India by
breaking the salt act.
(2) Why did the Indian National Congress withdraw the Civil Disobedience
Movement ?
Ans.* A pact was signed between Mahatma Gandhi and Viceroy Irwin
which is known as the ‘Gandhi-Irwin Pact’.
*According to this pact, the British Government assured that the
system of Responsible Government would be added in the proposed
constitution of India. *Consequently Indian National Congress
withdrew the Civil Disobedience Movement and agreed to attend the
Round Table Conference.
4. Complete the following timeline of Civil Disobedience
Movement.
12 March 1930 6 April 1930 23 April 1930 4 May 1930 6May 1930
Gandhiji set out from On 6 April Gandhiji On 23 April 1930, On 4 May 1930 On 6 May 1930,
Sabarmati Ashram broke the salt act by Khan Addul Gaffar Gandhiji was hartal was observed
with 78 followers for picking up the salt Khan started arrested. in Solapur.
launching the Salt laying on the sea satyagraha at
Satyagraha. shore of Dandi and Peshawar.
the Civil
Disobedience
Movement started all
over the country.
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