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Descriptive Programming Reviewer

The document provides an overview of the history of computers, starting from early mechanical devices to the emergence of electronic computers during World War II and the evolution of personal and mobile computing. It also covers key software programming concepts, including variables, control structures, functions, and debugging, as well as hardware programming concepts involving microcontrollers and circuit design. Essential topics include basic electronics, communication protocols, and embedded systems.

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27 views2 pages

Descriptive Programming Reviewer

The document provides an overview of the history of computers, starting from early mechanical devices to the emergence of electronic computers during World War II and the evolution of personal and mobile computing. It also covers key software programming concepts, including variables, control structures, functions, and debugging, as well as hardware programming concepts involving microcontrollers and circuit design. Essential topics include basic electronics, communication protocols, and embedded systems.

Uploaded by

Emparetriz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Programming and Computer History Reviewer

1. A Brief History of Computers

The history of computers began with early mechanical devices like the abacus and mechanical calculators. In

the 19th century, Charles Babbage conceptualized the Analytical Engine, considered the first mechanical

computer. In the 20th century, the first electronic computers emerged during World War II. ENIAC, developed

in 1945, was one of the earliest. The evolution continued through mainframes, personal computers in the

1970s and 80s, and the rapid advancement of mobile and cloud computing today.

2. Software Programming Concepts

Software programming involves writing instructions for computers to perform tasks. Programming languages

like Python, Java, and C++ are used to write code that a computer can interpret and execute.

Key Concepts:

- **Variables and Data Types**: Store information (e.g., integers, strings).

- **Control Structures**: Direct flow using if-statements, loops (for, while).

- **Functions**: Group reusable blocks of code.

- **Object-Oriented Programming**: Based on objects and classes to organize complex programs.

- **Data Structures**: Organize data using arrays, lists, stacks, and queues.

- **Algorithms**: Step-by-step procedures for solving problems, like sorting and searching.

- **Debugging and Testing**: Finding and fixing errors to ensure programs work correctly.

3. Hardware Programming Concepts

Hardware programming refers to controlling and interacting with physical electronic components using code.

This often involves microcontrollers such as Arduino or Raspberry Pi.

Core Topics:

- **Basic Electronics**: Understanding components like resistors, capacitors, and LEDs.

- **Microcontrollers**: Small computers on a chip that control devices.

- **Sensors and Actuators**: Input (sensors) and output (motors, buzzers) components.

- **Programming Languages**: C/C++ and Python are commonly used.


Programming and Computer History Reviewer

- **Communication Protocols**: Methods like UART, SPI, and I2C for data transfer.

- **Circuit Design**: Building circuits on breadboards and PCBs.

- **Embedded Systems**: Specialized computing systems for specific tasks within larger devices.

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