Date: 15-07-2024
1. Transfer Function representation of a system
%Transfer function representation of a system
n = [1 -2 -8 0]; %numarator
d = [1 2 2 -39 -70]; %denominator
transfer_function = tf(n,d); %using the function "tf()"
2. Pole-Zero mapping of a Transfer Function
%Pole-Zero mapping of a Trans. function
G = zpk(transfer_function); %using the function "zpk()"
[Z, P, K] = tf2zp(n,d);
pzmap(n,d)
3. Block Diagram reduction technique
%Block Diagram reduction technique of a composite system
%For G1
n1 = [1 0]; %numerator 1
d1 = [1 3]; %denominator 1
G1 = tf(n1, d1);
%For G2
n2 = [1];
d2 = [1 0 0];
G2 = tf(n2, d2);
G3 = series(G1, G2); %using the function "series()"
%G4 = parallel(0); %there is no parallel combination
%Feedback
n3 = [1 1 0];
d3 = [1 12 35];
H = tf(n3, d3);
G = feedback(G3, H)
Date: 26-09-2024
4. Plotting the singularity functions (unit Impulse, Step, Ramp) with Error
%Plotting the singularity functions (Unit Impulse, Step, Ramp) with
Error
T = 1;
t = 0 : 0.01 : 10;
%For Impulse Function----
r_impulse = t == 0;
c_impulse = (1/T)*exp(-t/T);
e_impulse = (r_impulse - c_impulse);
%Plotting----------------
figure(1) %Figure 01
subplot(2,1,1)
plot(t,c_impulse);
title('Impulse Response');
xlabel('Time');
ylabel('Output');
subplot(2,1,2)
plot(t,e_impulse);
xlabel('Time');
ylabel('Error');
%For Step Function-------
r_step = 1;
c_step = 1-exp(-t/T);
e_step = (r_step - c_step);
%Plotting----------------
figure(2) %Figure 02
subplot(2,1,1)
plot(t,c_step);
title('Step Response');
xlabel('Time');
ylabel('Output');
subplot(2,1,2)
plot(t,e_step);
xlabel('Time');
ylabel('Error');
%For Ramp Function-------
r_ramp = t;
c_ramp = t-T+T.*exp(-t/T);
e_ramp = (r_ramp - c_ramp);
%Plotting----------------
figure(3) %Figure 03
subplot(2,1,1)
plot(t, r_ramp, 'g', t,c_ramp);
title('Ramp Response');
xlabel('Time');
ylabel('Output');
subplot(2,1,2)
plot(t,e_ramp);
xlabel('Time');
ylabel('Error');
Date: 30-09-2024
5. Time Response of 2nd order system
% Time response of 2nd order system
wn = 4;
zeta = 0.3; % zeta < 1
num = [wn^2];
den = [1 2*zeta*wn 0];
g = tf(num, den); % tf = Transfer Function
t = feedback (g, 1);
step(t, 10);
grid on;
hold on;
wn = 4;
zeta = 1; % zeta = 1
num = [wn^2];
den = [1 2*zeta*wn 0];
g = tf(num, den); % tf = Transfer Function
t = feedback (g, 1);
step(t, 10);
grid on;
hold on;
wn = 4;
zeta = 5; % zeta > 1
num = [wn^2];
den = [1 2*zeta*wn 0];
g = tf(num, den); % tf = Transfer Function
t = feedback (g, 1);
step(t, 10);
grid on;
legend("zeta < 1", "zeta = 1", "zeta > 1");
Date: 21-10-2024
6. Sketching Polar plot of a TF
%Polar plot of a Transfer Function
%G(s)=10/s(s+1)
w = 0:0.01:100;
figure
M = 10./(w.*sqrt(1+w.*w)); %Magnitude
P = -pi/2 - atan(w); %Phase Angle
polarplot(P,M);
rlim([0 15]);
%G(s)=10/s(s+1)(s+2)
w = 0:0.01:100;
figure
M = 10./(w.*sqrt(1+w.*w).*sqrt(4+w.*w)); %Magnitude
P = -pi/2 - atan(w) - atan(w/2); %Phase Angle
polarplot(P,M);
rlim([0 2]);
Date: 28-10-2024
7. Representation of Transfer Function using Bode Plot, Margin Function, and Array
clc
close all
clear all
s = tf('s');
T = 50 / (s*(1+0.25*s)*(1+0.1*s));
bode(T);
grid on;
close all
clear all
s = tf('s');
T = 1000 / (s*(1+0.1*s)*(1+0.001*s));
bode(T);
margin(T);
grid on;
s = tf('s');
T = 1000 / (s*(1+0.1*s)*(1+0.001*s));
[gm pm wgc wpc] = margin(T)
Margin(T);
grid on;
Date: 04-11-2024
8. Stability analysis of a system using Routh-Hurwitz criterion
% Function = S^5 + 5*S^4 + 3*S^3 + 8*S^2 + 5*S + 6 = 0
clc
clear all
close all
e = [1 5 3 8 5 6 1];
% Making the array as even numbered
l = length(e);
m = mod(l, 2);
if m == 1
e = [e 0];
l1 = length(e);
end
% Making the first 2-row of Rowth-Hurwitz table
for i = 1 : l1/2
a(i) = e(2*i-1);
b(i) = e(2*i);
end
l1 = length(a);
c = zeros(l, l1); % Zero matrix of l x l1
c(1, : ) = a;
c(2, : ) = b;
for m = 3 : l
for n = 1 : l1-1
c(m,n)=-(1/c(m-1, 1))*det([c(m-2, 1) c(m-2, n+1); c(m-1, 1)
c(m-1, n+1)]);
end
end
disp(c);
Special case 1: First column element of any row = 0
% Rowth-Hurwitz Criteria
% Function = S^5 + 5*S^4 + 3*S^3 + 8*S^2 + 5*S + 6 = 0
%Special Case 1: First column element of any row = 0
clc
clear all
close all
e = [1 6 3 2 1 1]; % e = [1 2 6 4 1] (for example 5.1)
% Making the array as even numbered
l = length(e);
m = mod(l, 2);
if m == 1
e = [e 0];
end
l1 = length(e);
% Making the first 2-row of Rouh-Hurwitz table
for i = 1 : l1/2
a(i) = e(2*i-1);
b(i) = e(2*i);
end
l2 = length(a);
c = zeros(l, l2); % Zero matrix of l x l1
c(1, : ) = a;
c(2, : ) = b;
for m = 3 : l
for n = 1 : l2-1
c(m,n)=-(1/c(m-1, 1))*det([c(m-2, 1) c(m-2, n+1); c(m-1, 1)
c(m-1, n+1)]);
end
end
disp(c);
Special case 2: Every element of a row = 0
% Routh-Hurwitz Criteria
% Function = S^5 + 2*S^4 + 24*S^3 + 48*S^2 - 25*S - 50 = 0
%Special Case 2: Every element of a row = 0
clc
clear all
close all
e = [1 2 24 48 -25 -50];
% Making the array as even numbered
l = length(e);
m = mod(l, 2);
if m == 1
e = [e 0];
l1 = length(e);
else l1 = l;
end
% Making the first 2-row of Routh-Hurwitz table
for i = 1 : l1/2
a(i) = e(2*i-1);
b(i) = e(2*i);
end
l2 = length(a);
c = zeros(l, l2); % Zero matrix of l x l2
c(1, :) = a;
c(2, :) = b;
for p = 3 : l % loop from 3 to L
for q = 1 : l2-1
c(p,q)=-(1/c(p-1, 1))*det([c(p-2, 1) c(p-2, q+1); c(p-1, 1)
c(p-1, q+1)]);
end
if all(c(p, :) == 0)
aux_poly = polyder(c(p-1, :));
c(p, 1:length(aux_poly)) = aux_poly;
end
end
disp(c);
Date: 17-11-2024
9. Block Diagram Representation of a unity feedback system using Simulink
