Unit -IV

CLOUD SERVICE MODELS

 UNIT-IV
Cloud service models: Infrastructure as service, characteristics of IaaS, Suitability of
IaaS, pros and cons of Iaas, summary of Iaas Providers, Platform as a Service with
examples of with example of Amazon RDS Amazon DynamoDB, characteristics of
PaaS, Suitability of PaaS, pros and cons of PaaS, summary of Paas Providers, software
as service, characteristics of SaaS, Suitability of SaaS, pros and cons of Saas, summary
of Saas Providers.
 INTRODUCTION
➔ Cloud computing is one of the most popular buzzwords used these days.
➔ It is the upcoming technology provisioning resources to the consumers in the form of
different services like software, infrastructure, platform, and security.
➔ Services are made available to users on demand via the Internet from a cloud computing
provider’s servers as opposed to being provided from a company’s own on-premise servers.
➔ Cloud services are designed to provide easy, scalable access to applications, resources, and
services and are fully managed by a cloud service provider. A cloud service can dynamically
scale to meet the needs of its users, and because the service provider supplies the hardware
and software necessary for the service, there is no need for a company to provision or
deploy its own resources or allocate information technology (IT) staff to manage the service.
➔ Examples of cloud services include online data storage and backup solutions, web-
based e-mail services, hosted office suites and document collaboration services,
database processing, and managed technical support services.
➔ The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) defines three basic service models,
namely, IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS, as shown in Figure 5.1.
➔ With growing technologies, many more services are emerging in this field, such as
Security as a Service (SeaaS), Knowledge as a Service, and Data Analytics as a
Service.
➔ Many companies have come forward to adapt the cloud environment and ensure
that the users as well as the companies benefit from this. Most popular companies
providing cloud services are
Amazon, Microsoft, Google, Yahoo, EMC, Salesforce, Oracle, IBM, and many more
 Infrastructure as a service
• IaaS changes the way of compute, storage, and networking resources are consumed.
• In traditional data centers, the computing power is consumed by having physical access
to the infrastructure. IaaS changes the computing from a physical infrastructure to a
virtual infrastructure.
• IaaS provides virtual computing, storage, and network resources by abstracting the
physical resources. All the virtualization resources are given to the virtual machines
(VMs) that are configured by the service provider.
• The end users or IT architects will use the infrastructure resources in the form of VMs as
• shown in Figure 5.4.
• The IT architect can design virtual
infrastructure,network, load balancers,
etc., based on their needs.
• The IT architects need not maintain the
physical servers as it is maintained by
the service providers.
• Thus, it eliminates or hides the
complexity of maintaining the physical
infrastructure from the IT architects.
A typical IaaS provider may provide the following services as shown in Figure

1. Compute: Computing as a Service includes virtual central processing units (CPUs)

and virtual main memory for the VMs that are provisioned to the end users.
 A typical IaaS provider may provide the following services as shown in Figure(Contd..)

• 2. Storage: STaaS provides back-end storage for the VM images. Some of the IaaS
providers also provide the back end for storing files.

• 3. Network: Network as a Service (NaaS) provides virtual networking components

such as virtual router, switch, and bridge for the VMs.

• 4. Load balancers: Load Balancing as a Service may provide load balancing

capability at the infrastructure layer.
Characteristics Of IaaS
IaaS providers offer virtual computing resources to the consumers on a pay-as-you-go
basis.
1. Web access to the resources: The IaaS model enables the IT users to access
infrastructure resources over the Internet. When accessing a huge computing power,
the IT user need not get physical access to the servers , through any web browsers or
management console, the users can access the required infrastructure by IaaS easily..
2. Centralized management: Even though the physical resources are distributed, the
management will be from a single place. The resources distributed across different
parts can be controlled from any management console. This ensures effective resource
management and effective resource utilization.
 Characteristics Of IaaS(Contd..)

3. Elasticity and dynamic scaling: IaaS provides elastic services where the usage of
resources can be increased or decreased according to the requirements. The
infrastructure need depends on the load on the application. According to the load, IaaS
services can provide the resources. The load on any application is dynamic and IaaS
services are capable of proving the required services dynamically.

4. Shared infrastructure: IaaS follows a one-to-many delivery model and allows

multiple IT users to share the same physical infrastructure. The different IT users will be
given different VMs. IaaS ensures high resource utilization.
 Characteristics Of IaaS(Contd..)

5. Preconfigured VMs: IaaS providers offer preconfigured VMs with operating

systems (OSs), network configuration, etc. The IT users can select any kind of VMs
of their choice. The IT users are free to configure VMs from scratch. The users can
directly start using the VMs as soon as they subscribed to the services.
6. Metered services: IaaS allows the IT users to rent the computing resources
instead of buying it. The services consumed by the IT user will be measured, and
the users will be charged by the IaaS providers based on the amount of usage.
Suitability of IaaS
IaaS reduces the total cost of ownership (TCO) and increases the return on investment (ROI) for start-up
companies that cannot invest more in buying infrastructure. IaaS can be used in the following situations:

1. Unpredictable spikes in usage: When there is a significant spike in usage of

computing resources, IaaS is the best option for IT industries. When demand is very
volatile, we cannot predict the spikes and troughs in terms of demand of the
infrastructure.
• In this situation, we cannot add or remove infrastructure immediately according
to the demand in a traditional infrastructure. If there is an unpredictable
demand of infrastructure, then it is recommended to use IaaS services.
 Suitability of IaaS(Contd..)

2. Limited capital investment: New start-up companies cannot invest more on

buying infrastructure for their business needs. And so by using IaaS, start-up
companies can reduce the capital investment on hardware. IaaS is the suitable
option for start-up companies with less capital investment on hardware.
3. Infrastructure on demand: Some organizations may require large infrastructure
for a short period of time. For this purpose, an organization cannot afford to buy
more on-premise resources. Instead, they can rent the required infrastructure for a
specific period of time. IaaS best suits the organizations that look for infrastructure
on demand or for a short time period.
Pros and Cons of IaaS

Being one of the important service models of cloud computing, IaaS provides lot of benefits
to the IT users. The following are the benefits provided by IaaS:

1. Pay-as-you-use model: The IaaS services are provided to the customers on a pay-per-use

basis. This ensures that the customers are required to pay for what they have used. This
model eliminates the unnecessary spending on buying hardware.

2. Reduced TCO: Since IaaS providers allow the IT users to rent the computing resources, they
need not buy physical hardware for running their business. The IT users can rent the IT
infrastructure rather than buy it by spending large amount. IaaS reduces the need for buying
hardware resources and thus reduces the TCO.
3. Elastic resources: IaaS provides resources based on the current needs. IT users can scale up or scale
down the resources whenever they want. This dynamic scaling is done automatically using some load
balancers. This load balancer transfers the additional resource request to the new server and
improves application efficiency.
4. Better resource utilization: Resource utilization is the most important criteria to succeed in the IT
business. The purchased infrastructure should be utilized properly to increase the ROI. IaaS ensures
better resource utilization and provides high ROI for IaaS providers.
5. Supports Green IT: In traditional IT infrastructure, dedicated servers are used for different business
needs. Since many servers are used, the power consumption will be high. This does not result in
Green IT. In IaaS, the need of buying dedicated servers is eliminated as single infrastructure is shared
between multiple customers, thus reducing the number of servers to be purchased and hence the
power consumption that results in Green IT.
Drawbacks of IaaS
1. Security issues: Since IaaS uses virtualization as the enabling technology, hypervisors play an important
role. There are many attacks that target the hypervisors to compromise it. If hypervisors get compromised,
then any VMs can be attacked easily. Most of the IaaS providers are not able to provide 100% security to
the VMs and the data stored on the VMs.

2. Interoperability issues: There are no common standards followed among the different IaaS providers. It
is very difficult to migrate any VM from one IaaS provider to the other. Sometimes, the customers might
face the vendor lock-in problem.

3. Performance issues: IaaS is nothing but the consolidation of available resources from the distributed
cloud servers. Here, all the distributed servers are connected over the network. Latency of the network
plays an important role in deciding the performance. Because of latency issues, sometimes the VM contains
issues with its performance.
Summary Of IaaS Providers
▪ There are many public and private IaaS providers in the market
who provides infrastructure services to the end users. Table 5
provides the summary of popular infrastructure providers.
▪ In the table, the popular IaaS providers are classified based on
the license, deployment model, and supported host OS, guest
OS, and hypervisors. The end user may choose any IaaS
provider that matches their needs.
▪ Generally, public IaaS consumers need not consider the host OS
as it is maintained by the service provider.
▪ In managing the private cloud, the users should see the
supported host OS. However, most of the private IaaS supports
Platform as a Service(PaaS)
• PaaS changes the way that the software is developed and

deployed. In traditional application development, the

application will be developed locally and will be hosted in the
central location.

• Most of the applications developed by traditional development

platforms result in a licensing-based software, whereas PaaS

changes the application development from local machine to
• PaaS allows the developers to develop their
application online and also allows them to
deploy immediately on the online platform.

• PaaS consumers or developers can consume

language runtimes, application frameworks,
databases, message queues, testing tools,
and deployment tools as a service over the
Internet.

• Thus, it reduces the complexity of buying

and maintaining different tools for
developing an application
 • Typical PaaS providers may provide programming languages, application
frameworks, databases, and testing tools as shown in Figure 5.7.

1.Programming languages: PaaS providers provide a wide variety of programming

languages for the developers to develop applications. Some of the popular programming
languages provided by PaaS vendors are Java, Perl, PHP, Python, Ruby, Scala, Clojure and
so on.
2. Application frameworks: PaaS vendors provide application
frameworks that simplify the application development. Some of the
popular application development frameworks provided by a PaaS
provider include Node.js, Rails, Drupal, Joomla, WordPress, Django,
EE6, Spring, Play, Sinatra, Rack, and Zend.

3.Database: Since every application needs to communicate with the

databases, it becomes a must-have tool for every application. PaaS
providers are providing databases also with their PaaS platforms. The
popular databases provided by the popular PaaS vendors are ClearDB,
Characteristics of PaaS
PaaS development platforms are different from the traditional
application development platforms. The following are the essential
characteristics that make PaaS unique from traditional development :
1. All in one: Most of the PaaS providers offer services to develop,
test, deploy, host, and maintain applications in the same IDE.
Additionally, many service providers provide all the programming
languages, frameworks, databases, and other development-related
services that make developers choose from a wide variety of
development platforms.
3. Offline access: A developer may not be able to connect to the
Internet for a whole day to access the PaaS services. When there is no
Internet connectivity, the developers should be allowed to work
offline. To enable offline development, some of the PaaS providers
allow the developer to synchronize their local IDE with the PaaS
services. The developers can develop an application locally and
deploy it online whenever they are connected to the Internet.

4. Built-in scalability: Scalability is an important requirement for the

5. Collaborative platform: Nowadays, the development team
consists of developers who are working from different places.
There is a need for a common platform where the developers
can collaboratively work together on the same project. Most of
the PaaS services provide support for collaborative development.
To enable collaboration among developers, most of the PaaS
providers provide tools for project planning and communication.
6. Diverse client tools: To make the development easier, PaaS
 Suitability of PaaS
1. Collaborative development: To increase the time to market and development
efficiency, there is a need for a common place where the development team and other
stakeholders of the application can collaborate with each other. Since PaaS services
provide a collaborative development environment.

2. Automated testing and deployment: Automated testing and building of an

application are very useful while developing applications at a very short time frame.
Most of the PaaS services offer automated testing and deployment capabilities. The
development team needs to concentrate more on development rather than testing and
deployment. Thus, PaaS services are the best option where there is a need for
automated testing and deployment of the applications.
3.Time to market: The PaaS services follow the iterative and
incremental development methodologies that ensure that the
application is in the market as per the time frame given. For
example, the PaaS services are the best option for application
development that uses agile development methodologies. If the
software vendor wants their application to be in the market as
soon as possible, then the PaaS services are the best option for
the development.
Pros and Cons of PaaS
1. Quick development and deployment: PaaS provides all the required development and testing tools to
develop, test, and deploy the software in one place. Most of the PaaS services automate the testing and
deployment process as soon as the developer completes the development. This speeds up application
development and deployment than traditional development platforms.

▪ 2. Reduces TCO: The developers need not buy licensed development and testing tools if PaaS services are
selected. Most of the traditional development platforms requires high-end infrastructure for its working,
which increases the TCO of the application development company. But, PaaS allows the developers to

rent the software, development platforms, and testing tools to develop, build, and deploy the application.
▪ 3. Supports agile software development: Nowadays, most of the new-generation
applications are developed using agile methodologies. Many ISVs and SaaS
development companies started adopting agile methodologies for application
development. PaaS services support agile methodologies that the ISVs and other
development companies are looking for.

▪ 4. Different teams can work together: The traditional development platform does
not have extensive support for collaborative development. PaaS services support
developers from different places to work together on the same project. This is
possible because of the online common development platform provided by PaaS
providers.
• 5. Ease of use: Some developers may not be familiar with the interfaces
provided by the application development platform. This makes the
development job a little bit difficult. But, PaaS provides a wide variety of
client tools such as CLI, web CLI, web UI, APIs, and IDEs. The developers
are free to choose any client tools of their choice. Especially, the web
UI–based PaaS services increase the usability of the development
platform for all types of developers.

• 6. Less maintenance overhead: In on-premise applications, the

development company or software vendor is responsible for
maintaining the underlying hardware. They need to recruit skilled
Drawbacks of PaaS

• PaaS provides a lot of benefits to developers when compared to the

traditional development environment. On the other hand, it

contains drawbacks, which are described in the following:

• 1. Vendor lock-in: The major drawback with PaaS providers are

vendor lock-in. The main reason for vendor lock-in is lack of

standards. There are no common standards followed among the
different PaaS providers. The other reason for vendor lock-in is
proprietary technologies used by PaaS providers. Most of the PaaS
• 2. Security issues: Like in the other cloud services, security is
one of the major issues in PaaS services. Since data are stored
in off-premise third-party servers, many developers are afraid
to go for PaaS services. Of course, many PaaS providers provide
mechanisms to protect the user data, and it is not sufficient to
feel the safety of on-premise deployment. When selecting the
PaaS provider, the developer should review the regulatory,
compliance, and security policies of the PaaS provider with
their own security requirements. If not properly reviewed, the
• 3. Less flexibility: PaaS providers do not give much freedom for the
developers to define their own application stack. Most of the PaaS
providers provide many programming languages, databases, and
other development tools. But, it is not extensive and does not
satisfy all developer needs. Only some of the PaaS providers allow
developers to extend the PaaS tools with the custom or new
programming languages. Still most of the PaaS providers do not
provide flexibility to the developers.

• 4. Depends on Internet connection: Since the PaaS services are

Summary of PaaS Providers

• PaaS providers are more in the IT market for public as well as

the private clouds. Table 5 gives a summary of popular private
and public PaaS providers.
 Amazon RDS
• Amazon RDS (Relational Database Service) is a managed
database service provided by Amazon Web Services (AWS).
• It allows users to create and manage relational databases in
the cloud, without needing to worry about the underlying
infrastructure.
• Amazon RDS supports an array of database engines to store
and organize data. It also helps in relational database
management tasks like data migration, backup, recovery and
patching.
• Amazon RDS is available on multiple database and gives you six
familiar database engines to choose from, including Amazon
Aurora, PostgreSQL, MySQL, MariaDB, Oracle Database and
 How does Amazon RDS work?
• Administrators control Amazon RDS with the AWS
Management Console, Amazon RDS API calls, or the AWS
command-line interface. They use these interfaces to deploy
database instances to which users can apply specific settings.
• Amazon provides several instance types with different
resources, such as CPU, memory, storage options, and
networking capability. Each type comes in a variety of sizes to
suit the needs of different workloads.
 Amazon RDS(Cont..)
Some key features of Amazon RDS include:
• Compatibility: Amazon RDS supports popular relational
database engines such as MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, and
Microsoft SQL Server, making it easy to migrate existing
applications to the cloud.
• Scalability: Amazon RDS can scale up or down in response to
changes in traffic or data volume, allowing users to easily add
or remove capacity as needed.
• Availability: Amazon RDS is designed to be highly available and
fault-tolerant, with automatic failover and multi-AZ
deployment options.
 Amazon RDS(Cont..)

• Monitoring: Amazon RDS provides extensive monitoring

capabilities, including real-time performance metrics and
automated backups, to help users optimize database
performance and ensure data durability.
Amazon RDS is used by a wide range of companies
and organizations, including Airbnb, Netflix, and Expedia. It is
well-suited for use cases such as web applications, e-
commerce, and gaming, where relational databases are
essential for storing and retrieving data. By using Amazon
RDS, businesses can focus on their applications, while
 Step by Step Procedure to create Amazon RDS
1. In the Amazon services, search for RDS.
2. Choose Create database.
3. On the Create database page, choose Standard create.For Engine
options, choose MySQL.
4. For Templates, choose Free tier ,Your DB instance configuration
should look similar to the
following image.
5. In the Availability and durability section, keep the defaults.
6. In the Settings section, set these values:
 DB instance identifier – Type tutorial-db-instance.
 Master username – Type tutorial_user.
 Auto generate a password – Leave the option turned off.
 Master password – Type a password.
 Confirm password – Retype the password.
 7. In the Instance configuration section, set these values:
 Burstable classes (includes t classes)
 db.t3.micro

8. In the Storage section, keep the defaults.

9. In the Connectivity section, set these values and keep the other values as their
defaults:
 For Compute resource, choose Connect to an EC2 compute resource.
 For EC2 instance, choose the EC2 instance you created previously, such
as tutorial-ec2-instance-web-server.
10. In the Database authentication section, make sure Password authentication is selected.
-Open the Additional configuration section, and enter sample for Initial database name. Keep the
default settings for the other options.
11. Choose Create database.Your new DB instance appears in the Databases list with the status Creating.
12. Wait for the Status of your new DB instance to show as Available. Then choose the DB instance name
to show its details.
 DynamoDB
• Amazon DynamoDB is a fully managed NoSQL database service
provided by Amazon Web Services (AWS). It is designed to
provide high performance and scalability for applications that
require low-latency access to data.
• Amazon DynamoDB is a fully managed NoSQL database
service that provides fast and predictable performance
with seamless scalability.
• With DynamoDB, you can create database tables that can
store and retrieve any amount of data and serve any level
of request traffic.
• You can scale up or scale down your tables' throughput
DynamoDB (Cont)
Some key features of DynamoDB include:
• Performance: DynamoDB is designed to provide fast and
predictable performance, even at scale. It can handle millions
of requests per second, making it ideal for applications with
high read and write loads.
• Scalability: DynamoDB is a fully managed service that
automatically scales to meet the demands of your application.
It can handle petabyte-scale datasets and is designed to be
highly available and durable.
• NoSQL: DynamoDB is a NoSQL database, meaning it does not
 DynamoDB (Cont)
• Security: DynamoDB provides several security features,
including encryption at rest and in transit, fine-grained access
control, and integration with AWS Identity and Access
Management (IAM).
• Integration: DynamoDB integrates with other AWS services,
such as AWS Lambda, Amazon S3, and Amazon EMR, allowing
you to build end-to-end applications with minimal coding.

DynamoDB is used by a wide range of companies and

organizations, including Lyft, Samsung, and Airbnb. It is well-
 Step by Step Procedure for DynamoDB

1.In the AWS services search for Dynamo DB

2. On the right side of the console, choose Create Table.
3.Enter the table details as follows:
For the table name, enter Music.
For the partition key, enter Artist.
Enter SongTitle as the sort key.
Leave Default settings selected
4.In the table list, choose the Music table.

5. Select Explore Table Items.

6. In the Items view, choose Create item.
7. Choose Add new attribute, and then choose Number. Name the
field Awards.
8.Repeat this process and create another item with the following values:
1.For Artist, enter Acme Band.
2.For SongTitle enter Happy Day.
3.For AlbumTitle, enter Songs About Life.
4.For Awards, enter 10.
9. The table created.
10. To check the table items , go to the navigation pane on the left side of the console,
choose Tables.
11. Choose the Music table from the table list.
12. Select the Explore table items.
13.On the Items tab, view the list of items stored in the table
14.To Update the data in tables
- Choose the Music table from the table list.
- Choose View items.
- Choose the item whose Artist value is Acme
Band and SongTitle value is Happy Day.
- Update the AlbumTitle value to Updated Album Title, and
then choose Save.
The following image shows the updated item on the
console.
15. To Search/Query the data in Tables Choose the Music table from the table list.
- Choose View items.
- Choose Query.
- For Partition key, enter Acme Band, and then choose Run.
Software as a Service(SaaS)

• SaaS changes the way the software is delivered to the customers. In

the traditional software model, the software is delivered as a
license-based product that needs to be installed in the end user
device.
• Since SaaS is delivered as an on-demand service over the Internet,
there is no need to install the software to the end user’s devices.
SaaS services can be accessed or disconnected at any time based on
the end user’s needs.
• SaaS services can be accessed from any lightweight web browsers
on any devices such as laptops, tablets, and smartphones. Some of
the SaaS services can be accessed from a thin client that does not
contain much storage space and cannot run much software like the
traditional desktop PCs.
• SaaS provider may provide business services, social networks, document
management, and mail services as shown in Figure 5.8:
1. Business services: Most of the SaaS providers started providing a variety of business
services that attract start-up companies. The business SaaS services include ERP, CRM,
billing, sales, and human resources.
2. Social networks: Since social networking sites are extensively used by the general
public, many social networking service providers adopted SaaS for their sustainability.
Since the number of users of the social networking sites is increasing exponentially,
cloud computing is the perfect match for handling the variable load.
3. Document management: Since most of the enterprises extensively use electronic
documents, most of the SaaS providers started providing services that are used to
create, manage, and track electronic documents.
4. Mail services: E-mail services are currently used by many people. The future growth
in e-mail usage is unpredictable. To handle the unpredictable number of users and the
load on e-mail services, most of the
 Characteristics of SaaS:

The following are the essential characteristics of SaaS services that make it unique from traditional software:

▪ 1. One to many: SaaS services are delivered as a one-to-many model where a single instance of the
application can be shared by multiple tenants or customers.

▪ 2. Web access: SaaS services provide web access to the software. It allows the end user to access the
application from any location if the device is connected to the Internet.

▪ 3. Centralized management: Since SaaS services are hosted and managed from the central location,

management of the SaaS application becomes easier. Normally, the SaaS providers will perform the
automatic updates that ensure that each tenant is accessing the most recent version of the application
without any user-side updates.
▪ 4. Multidevice support: SaaS services can be accessed from any end

user devices such as desktops, laptops, tablets, smartphones, and

thin clients.

▪ 5. Better scalability: Since most of the SaaS services leverage PaaS

and IaaS for its development and deployment, it ensures a better

scalability than the traditional software. The dynamic scaling of

underlying cloud resources makes SaaS applications work efficiently

even with varying loads.

 Suitability of SaaS
▪ SaaS is popular among individuals and start-up companies because of
the benefits it provides. SaaS applications are the best option for the
following:
▪ 1. On-demand software: The licensing-based software model
requires buying full packaged software and increases the spending
on buying software. Some of the occasionally used software does not
give any ROI. Because of this, many end users are looking for a
software that they can use as and when they needed,then the SaaS
model is the best option.
• 3. Software compatible with multiple devices: Some of the
applications like word processors or mail services need better
accessibility from different devices. The SaaS applications are
adaptable with almost all the devices.

• 4. Software with varying loads: We cannot predict the load on

popular applications such as social networking sites. The user
may connect or disconnect from applications anytime. It is very
difficult to handle varying loads with the traditional
 Pros and Cons of SaaS
▪ SaaS applications are used by a wide range of individuals and start-
up industries for its cost-related benefits. Apart from the cost-
related benefits, SaaS services provide the following benefits:
• 1. No client-side installation: SaaS services do not require client-
side installation of the software. The end users can access the
services directly from the service provider data center without any
installation. There is no need of high-end hardware to consume
SaaS services. It can be accessed from thin clients or any handheld
devices, thus reducing the initial expenditure on buying high-end
hardware.
• 3. Less maintenance: SaaS services eliminate the additional
overhead of maintaining the software from the client side. For
example, in the traditional software, the end user is responsible
for performing bulk updates. But in SaaS, the service provider
itself maintains the automatic updates, monitoring, and other
maintenance activities of the applications.

• 4. Ease of access: SaaS services can be accessed from any

devices if it is connected to the Internet. Accessibility of SaaS
• 5. Dynamic scaling: SaaS services are popularly known for elastic
dynamic scaling. It is very difficult for on-premise software to
provide dynamic scaling capability as it requires additional
hardware. Since the SaaS services leverage elastic resources
provided by cloud computing, it can handle any type of varying
loads without disrupting the normal behavior of the application.

• 6. Disaster recovery: With proper backup and recovery

mechanisms, replicas are maintained for every SaaS services. The
replicas are distributed across many servers. If any server fails, the
 Drawbacks of SaaS

• 1. Security: Security is the major concern in migrating to SaaS

application. Since the SaaS application is shared between many
end users, there is a possibility of data leakage. Here, the data
are stored in the service provider data center.
• 2. Connectivity requirements: SaaS applications require
Internet connectivity for accessing it. Sometimes, the end user’s
Internet connectivity might be very slow. In such situations, the
user cannot access the services with ease. The dependency on
 Summary of SaaS Providers

• There are many SaaS providers who provide SaaS services such as ERP,
CRM, billing, document management, and mail services. Table 5.3 gives a
summary of popular SaaS vendors in the market
 Other Cloud Service Models
▪ The basic cloud services such as IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS are widely
used by many individual and start-up companies.

▪ Now, the end users’ expectation changed, and they are

expecting the individual services to be offered by service
providers.
▪ This makes most of the service providers to think about the
separate services that meet end user requirements. Many
service providers already started offering separate services such
 NaaS(Network as a Service)
• NaaS is an ability given to the end users to access virtual network services that are provided by the
service provider. In on-premise data center, the IT industries spent a lot of money to buy network
hardware to manage in-house networks. But, cloud computing changes networking services into a
utility-based service.
• NaaS allows network architects to create virtual networks, virtual network interface cards (NICs),
virtual routers, virtual switches, and other networking components.
• Additionally, it allows the network architect to deploy custom routing protocols and enables the
design of efficient in-network services, such as data aggregation, stream processing, and caching.
• Some of the popular services provided by NaaS include virtual private network (VPN), bandwidth on
demand (BoD), and mobile network virtualization.
DEaaS(Desktop as a Service):
• It is an ability given to the end users to use desktop virtualization without buying and managing their

own infrastructure.

• DEaaS is a pay-per-use cloud service delivery model in which the service provider manages the back-

end responsibilities of data storage, backup, security, and upgrades.

• The end users are responsible for managing their own desktop images, applications, and security.

Accessing the virtual desktop provided by the DEaaS provider is device, location, and network

independent.

• DEaaS services are simple to deploy, are highly secure, and produce better experience on almost all

devices.
STaaS (Storage as a Service):
It is an ability given to the end users to store the data on the
storage services provided by the service provider. STaaS allows
the end users to access the files at any time from any place. The
STaaS provider provides the virtual storage that is abstracted
from the physical storage of any cloud data center. STaaS is also a
cloud business model that is delivered as a utility. Here, the
customers can rent the storage from the STaaS provider. STaaS is
DBaaS(Database as a Service)
It is an ability given to the end users to access the database service without the need to
install and maintain it. The service provider is responsible for installing and maintaining
the databases. The end users can directly access the services and can pay according to
their usage. DBaaS automates the database administration process. The end users can
access the database services through any API or web UIs provided by the service
provider. The DBaaS eases the database administration process. Popular examples of
DBaaS include SimpleDB, DynamoDB, MongoDB as a Service, GAE datastore, and
ScaleDB.
Data as a Service (DaaS)
• It is an ability given to the end users to access the data that
are provided by the service provider over the Internet. DaaS
provides data on demand. The data may include text, images,
sounds, and videos. DaaS is closely related to other cloud
service models such as SaaS and STaaS. DaaS can be easily
integrated with SaaS or STaaS for providing the composite
service. DaaS is highly used in geography data services and
SECaaS(Security as a Service)
• It is an ability given to the end user to access the security service provided by the
service provider on a pay-per-use basis. In SECaaS, the service provider integrates
their security services to benefit the end users. Generally, the SECaaS includes
authentication, antivirus, antimalware/spyware, intrusion detection, and security
event management. The security services provided by the SECaaS providers are
typically used for securing the on-premise or in-house infrastructure and
applications. Some of the SECaaS providers include Cisco, McAfee, Panda Software,
Symantec, Trend Micro, and VeriSign.
• Now, cloud computing moves to the scenario where everything can be given as a service. This can
be termed as Everything as a Service (XaaS). In the future, we expect many new service models to
achieve the goal of XaaS. XaaS may include

- Backup as a Service (BaaS),

- Communication as a Service (CaaS),
- Hadoop as a Service (HaaS),
- Disaster Recovery as a Service (DRaaS),
- Testing as a Service (TaaS),
- Firewall as a Service (FWaaS),
- Virtual Private Network as a Service (VPNaaS),
- Load Balancers as a Service (LBaaS),
- Message Queue as a Service (MQaaS),
- Monitoring as a Service (MaaS).
▪ SUMMARY:

▪ Cloud computing composes of three basic service models The

service models include IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS

▪ Cloud services cannot be used when the application uses more

sensitive and confidential data. The general benefits of cloud
services are cost savings, elastic and dynamic scaling, and
centralized management.

▪ The general drawbacks include security issues, interoperability