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Lymphoma & Leakemia

Leukemia and lymphoma are disorders of white blood cells, with acute leukemia characterized by marrow failure and chronic leukemia being more differentiated with a better prognosis. Lymphoma involves malignant lymphocytes, with Hodgkin's disease identified by Reed-Sternberg cells and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma being more common, especially in HIV patients. Symptoms include lymphadenopathy, weight loss, and organ infiltration for lymphoma, while leukemia presents with bone marrow failure and systemic signs like fever and splenomegaly.

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9 views3 pages

Lymphoma & Leakemia

Leukemia and lymphoma are disorders of white blood cells, with acute leukemia characterized by marrow failure and chronic leukemia being more differentiated with a better prognosis. Lymphoma involves malignant lymphocytes, with Hodgkin's disease identified by Reed-Sternberg cells and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma being more common, especially in HIV patients. Symptoms include lymphadenopathy, weight loss, and organ infiltration for lymphoma, while leukemia presents with bone marrow failure and systemic signs like fever and splenomegaly.

Uploaded by

ilkelambrechts101
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Leukemia & Lymphoma

Definition
Lymphoma and leukemia are considered disorders of the white blood cells.
 Acute Leukaemia is a neoplastic proliferation of one of the blood-forming cells.
Acute leukaemia presents with marrow failure from progressive infiltration of the
marrow with immature cells
 Chronic leukemia is a haematological malignancy in which the leukaemic cell is at
first well differentiated. These have a better prognosis untreated than acute
leukaemia.
 Lymphoma is a malignant disease of the lymphoid system
o Malignant lymphocytes accumulate at lymph nodes and lymphoid tissues
 Leading to lymphadenopathy, extra-nodal disease, and constitutional
symptoms
o There are two main clinicopathological types:
 Hodgkin’s disease (with the characteristic Reed-Sternberg B cell) and
non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Both usually involve malignant growth of
the spleen and lymph nodes

Pathophysiology
 Dysregulation of haematopoiesis, the development of all blood lineages

Lymphomas

Signs of Hodgkin’s lymphoma (Reed-Sternberg cells)


 Lymph node enlargement (lymphadenopathy)
o Rubbery, painless, large, often confined to one side and one lymph node
group (usually neck/axilla)
 Weight loss and fever (reduced cell-mediated response)
 Splenomegaly and hepatomegaly (HSM)
 Organ infiltration (late stage)
o Lung disease  Pleural effusion
o Bone pain or pathological fractures

1
Signs of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL 500x more common in HIV)
 Lymph node enlargement
o Often more than one site involved and Waldeyers ring more commonly
affected
 HSM (common)
 Systemic signs less common (weight loss, fever)
 Signs of extra-nodal spread more common  GI most common
 May arise at extra-nodal site

Leukemia

Acute leukemia
 Bone marrow failure
o Pallor
o Fever
o Petechiae
 Weight loss
 Muscle wasting
 Bony tenderness
 Lymphadenopathy
 Splenomegaly/Hepatomegaly

2
Chronic leukemia
Expanded granulocyte mass in bone marrow, liver and spleen
 General signs
o Pallor
o Secondary gout (hyperuricaemia)
 Haematopoietic system signs
o HSM

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