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ISC Quadratic Function Project

The project focuses on the graphical analysis of the quadratic function f(x) = -x² + 4x - 3, identifying its maximum value of 1 at the vertex (2, 1) and its roots at x = 1 and x = 3. It also explores the sign of the function across different intervals, concluding that the function is positive between the roots and negative outside this range. Overall, the project highlights the effectiveness of graphing in understanding quadratic functions.

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227 views3 pages

ISC Quadratic Function Project

The project focuses on the graphical analysis of the quadratic function f(x) = -x² + 4x - 3, identifying its maximum value of 1 at the vertex (2, 1) and its roots at x = 1 and x = 3. It also explores the sign of the function across different intervals, concluding that the function is positive between the roots and negative outside this range. Overall, the project highlights the effectiveness of graphing in understanding quadratic functions.

Uploaded by

ajha72337
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

ISC Class XI Mathematics Project

Project Title: Graphical Analysis of the Quadratic Function

Topic:
Draw the graph of a quadratic function f(x) = ax² + bx + c. From the graph, find the
maximum/minimum value of the function. Also, determine the sign of the expression.

1. Introduction
Quadratic functions form the basis of many mathematical and real-world phenomena such
as projectile motion, optimization problems, and paraboloid structures. A quadratic
function is defined as:

f(x) = ax² + bx + c, where a ≠ 0

The graph of this function is a parabola, which either opens upward (if a > 0) or downward
(if a < 0).

2. Objective
- To plot the graph of a quadratic function.
- To identify the maximum or minimum value of the function.
- To determine the sign of the expression f(x) = ax² + bx + c using the graph.

3. Considered Function
Let us consider the quadratic function:
f(x) = -x² + 4x - 3

This is in the standard form ax² + bx + c, where:


a = -1, b = 4, c = -3

Since a < 0, the graph opens downward, indicating a maximum value.

4. Vertex of the Parabola


The vertex (turning point) of a parabola represented by f(x) = ax² + bx + c is given by:
x = -b / (2a)

Substituting the values:


x = -4 / (2 × -1) = 2

f(2) = -2² + 4×2 - 3 = -4 + 8 - 3 = 1


So, the vertex is (2, 1), and this is the maximum point of the function.

5. Graph of the Function

Graph of f(x) = -x² + 4x - 3

6. Axis of Symmetry
The vertical line that passes through the vertex is called the axis of symmetry:
x=2

It divides the parabola into two mirror-image halves.

7. Roots of the Function


To find where the graph intersects the x-axis (roots), solve:
-x² + 4x - 3 = 0 → x² - 4x + 3 = 0 → (x - 1)(x - 3) = 0

So, the roots are:


x = 1 and x = 3

These are the x-intercepts of the parabola.

8. Sign of the Expression


We analyze the sign of f(x) in different intervals:
- For x < 1: f(x) < 0
- For 1 < x < 3: f(x) > 0
- For x > 3: f(x) < 0
Thus, the sign of f(x) is:
- Positive in (1, 3)
- Zero at x = 1 and x = 3
- Negative in (-∞, 1) ∪ (3, ∞)

9. Maximum/Minimum Value
Since the graph opens downward (a < 0), the function has a maximum value.

Maximum value of f(x) = 1 at x = 2

10. Conclusion
In this project, we examined the quadratic function f(x) = -x² + 4x - 3 and:
- Drew its graph.
- Identified the maximum value as 1 at x = 2.
- Found the roots at x = 1 and x = 3.
- Determined the sign of the expression across various intervals using the graph.

The project demonstrates how powerful and intuitive graphing methods can be for
analyzing mathematical functions.

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