WCDMA RAN21 Power

Control Algorithm and

Parameters
www.huawei.com

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 References
⚫ 3GPP TS 25.211
 Physical Channels and Mapping of Transport Channels onto
Physical Channels (FDD)

⚫ 3GPP TS 25.214
 Physical Layer Procedures (FDD)

⚫ 3GPP TS 25.331
 RRC Protocol Specification

⚫ 3GPP TS 25.433
 UTRAN IUB Interface NodeB Application Part (NBAP) Signaling

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 Objectives
⚫ Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
 Describe the purpose and function of power control

 Perform parameters modification of open loop power control

 Perform parameters modification of inner loop power control

 Perform parameters modification of outer loop power control

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 Contents
1. Power Control Overview

2. Open Loop Power Control

3. Closed Loop Power Control

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Purpose of Power Control
⚫ The WCDMA system is an interference-limited system, and
the most important way to restrain system interference is
power control. The main purpose of power control is to
decrease interference to other UEs and to lower UE
transmit power.

⚫ The uplink and downlink power is minimized while ensuring

quality of service (QoS)

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Purpose of Uplink Power Control

Uplink transmission character Uplink power control function

◼ Self-interference system ◼ Ensure uplink quality with minimum

◼ Uplink capacity is limited by transmission power
interference level ◼ Decrease interference to other UE,
◼ Near-far effect and increase system capacity
◼ Fading ◼ Solve the near-far effect
◼ Save UE transmission power

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Purpose of Downlink Power Control

Downlink transmission character Downlink power control function

◼ Interference among different ◼ Ensure downlink quality with

subscribers minimum transmission power
◼ Interference from other adjacent ◼ Decrease interference to other
cells cells, and increase system capacity
◼ Downlink capacity is limited by ◼ Save NodeB transmission power
NodeB transmission power
◼ Fading

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Effect of Power Control
20

Channel Fading
15
Transmitting power
Receiving power
10
Relative power (dB)

-5

-10

-15

-20
0 200 400 600 800
Time (ms)

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Power Control Classification

Open Loop Power

… Control Closed Loop …
Power Control

 Uplink Downlink open loop  Uplink/Downlink inner loop

power control power control

 Downlink open loop power  Uplink/Downlink outer loop

control power control

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Power Control for Physical Channels
⚫ Power control methods are adopted for these physical channels:
 “√" : can be applied; “ד: can not be applied

Open Loop Closed Loop Power Control

Physical
Power Inner Loop Outer Loop
Channel
Control Power Control Power Control
DPDCH √ √ √
DPCCH √ √ √
SCH × × ×
PCCPCH × × ×
SCCPCH × × ×
PRACH √ × ×
AICH × × ×
PICH × × ×

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Common Physical Channel Power
Parameters
⚫ MaxTxPower

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Common Physical Channel Power
Parameters (Cont.)
⚫ PCPICHPower

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Common Physical Channel Power
Parameters (Cont.)
⚫ PSCHPower and SSCHPower

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Common Physical Channel Power
Parameters (Cont.)
⚫ BCHPower

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Common Physical Channel Power
Parameters (Cont.)
⚫ MaxFachPower

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Common Physical Channel Power
Parameters (Cont.)
⚫ PCHPower

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Common Physical Channel Power
Parameters (Cont.)
⚫ AICHPowerOffset

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Common Physical Channel Power
Parameters (Cont.)
⚫ PICHPowerOffset

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 Contents
1. Power Control Overview

2. Open Loop Power Control

3. Closed Loop Power Control

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 Contents
2. Open Loop Power Control
2.1 Open Loop Power Control Overview

2.2 PRACH Open Loop Power Control

2.3 Downlink Dedicated Channel Open Loop Power Control

2.4 Uplink Dedicated Channel Open Loop Power Control

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Open Loop Power Control Overview

Purpose Principle Application

•Calculate the •Estimates the •Open loop power

initial transmission downlink signal control is applied
power of power loss on only at the beginning
uplink/downlink propagation path of connection setup
channels •Path loss of the to set the initial
uplink channel is power value
related to the
downlink channel

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 Contents
2. Open Loop Power Control
2.1 Open Loop Power Control Overview

2.2 PRACH Open Loop Power Control

2.3 Downlink Dedicated Channel Open Loop Power Control

2.4 Uplink Dedicated Channel Open Loop Power Control

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PRACH Open Loop Power Control
UE NodeB SRNC

1. CCCH: RRC Connection Request

RRC RRC

Allocate RNTI
Select L1 and L2
Open loop power parameters
2. Radio Link Setup Request
control of PRACH NBAP NBAP

Start RX
description
3. Radio Link Setup Response
NBAP NBAP

4. ALCAP Iub Data Transport Bearer Setup

5. Downlink Synchronization
DCH - FP DCH - FP
6. Uplink Synchronization
DCH - FP DCH - FP

Start TX
description

7. CCCH: RRC Connection Setup

RRC RRC
8. Radio Link Restore Indication
NBAP NBAP

9. DCCH: RRC Connection Setup Complete

RRC RRC

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PRACH Open Loop Power Control
⚫ Power ramping for preamble retransmission:

Power Ramp Step

Power Offset Pp-m

Pre-
amblen
Pre-
amble3
Preamble_Initial
Pre-
amble2
Message
Pre-

……
_Power amble1 10ms or 20ms
PRACH
t p-p t p-m
Timing offset AI

AICH
t p-a

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PRACH Open Loop Power Control
⚫ When UE needs to set up a RRC connection, the initial power
of uplink PRACH preamble can be calculated according to the
following formula:

Preamble_Initial_Power = PCPICHPower - CPICH_RSCP +

UL interference + Constantvalue

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PRACH Open Loop Power Control
Parameters
⚫ Constantvalue

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PRACH Open Loop Power Control
Parameters (Cont.)
⚫ AICHTxTiming

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PRACH Open Loop Power Control
Parameters (Cont.)
⚫ AICHTxTiming
 Parameter name: AICH transmission timing

 Content:
◼ When AICHTXTIMING = 0,

tp-p,min = 15360 chips, tp-a = 7680 chips, tp-m = 15360 chips

◼ When AICHTXTIMING = 1,

tp-p,min = 20480 chips, tp-a = 12800 chips, tp-m = 20480 chips

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PRACH Open Loop Power Control
Parameters (Cont.)
⚫ PowerRampStep

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PRACH Open Loop Power Control
Parameters (Cont.)
⚫ PreambleRetransMax

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PRACH Open Loop Power Control
Parameters (Cont.)
⚫ Mmax

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PRACH Open Loop Power Control
Parameters (Cont.)
⚫ NB01min / NB01max

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PRACH Open Loop Power Control
Parameters (Cont.)
⚫ PowerOffsetPpm

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PRACH Open Loop Power Control
Parameters (Cont.)
⚫ PowerOffsetPpm

Message Data GainFactorBeta GainFactorBeta

PowerOffsetPpm
Part C D

Signaling -3 13 15

Service -2 10 15

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PRACH Open Loop Power Control
Parameters (Cont.)
⚫ Parameters diagrammatic presentation

Power Ramp Step Message Power Offset

Message
Initial
Power

Preamble Ramping Cycle

Preamble Ramping Procedure

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PRACH Open Loop Power Control
Parameters (Cont.)
⚫ MaxAllowedUlTxPower

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 Contents
2. Open Loop Power Control
2.1 Open Loop Power Control Overview

2.2 PRACH Open Loop Power Control

2.3 Downlink Dedicated Channel Open Loop Power Control

2.4 Uplink Dedicated Channel Open Loop Power Control

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DL DPCH Open Loop Power Control
UE NodeB SRNC

1. CCCH: RRC Connection Request

RRC RRC

Allocate RNTI
Select L1 and L2
parameters
2. Radio Link Setup Request
NBAP NBAP

Start RX
description
3. Radio Link Setup Response
NBAP NBAP

4. ALCAP Iub Data Transport Bearer Setup

DL DPCH open loop DCH - FP

5. Downlink Synchronization
DCH - FP
power control 6. Uplink Synchronization
DCH - FP DCH - FP

Start TX
description

7. CCCH: RRC Connection Setup

RRC RRC
8. Radio Link Restore Indication
NBAP NBAP

9. DCCH: RRC Connection Setup Complete

RRC RRC

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DL DPDCH Open Loop Power Control
⚫ Initial power of DL DPDCH can be calculated based on the
measurement results in the RACH IE of RRC connection
request from UE, calculation formula:

R Eb PCPICH
Pinit =  ( ) DL 
W No ( Ec / No) CPICH

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DL DPCCH Open Loop Power Control
(Cont.)

1 timeslot

Downlink
Transmit
Power PO2
PO3
PO1

Data1 TPC TFCI Data2 Pilot

DPDCH DPCCH DPDCH DPCCH

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Downlink Power Control Restriction
⚫ RlMaxDlPwr/RlMinDlPwr

The power of downlink dedicated channel is limited by an

upper and lower limit for each radio link

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Downlink Power Restriction
Parameters
⚫ Recommended configurations for typical services:
RL Min Downlink
RL Max Downlink
Service Transmit Power Downlink SF
Transmit Power (dB)
(dB)
CS Domain
12.2 kbps AMR -3 -18 128
28 kbps -2 -17 64
32 kbps -2 -17 64
56 kbps 0 -15 32
64 kbps 0 -15 32
PS Domain
8 kbps -8 -23 128
32 kbps -4 -19 64
64 kbps -2 -17 32
144 kbps 0 -15 16
256 kbps 2 -13 8
384 kbps 4 -11 8

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DPCH Pilot Power Adjustment
⚫ When the cell load is light, the pilot field can be assigned
with higher transmit power and a longer bit length to
increase the accuracy of SIR estimations and Uu-interface
synchronization probability.

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DPCH Pilot Power Adjustment (Cont.)
⚫ When a cell serves a large number of UEs, downlink R99
services consume a large amount of downlink power. As a
result, the remaining downlink power becomes insufficient to
admit potential UEs. In addition, the amount of downlink
power available for HSDPA services decreases, which
reduces HSDPA throughput. In this situation, the WRFD-
150230 DPCH Pilot Power Adjustment feature is introduced.

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DPCH Pilot Power Adjustment (Cont.)
⚫ This feature saves DPCH power by configuring a shorter bit
length and a smaller power offset for the pilot field. The
saved power can admit more UEs or increase HSDPA
throughput

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DPCH Maximum Power Restriction
⚫ This feature effectively controls the maximum transmit
power of the downlink A-DPCH, which promotes downlink
system capacity

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DPCH Maximum Power Restriction
(Cont.)
⚫ This feature is controlled by the dpchMaxTxPwrRestrSw
parameter on the NodeB side

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DPCH Power Control Based on Radio
Quality
⚫ In a network with a high penetration rate of intelligent
terminals, there are a large number of online users. In this
case, the A-DPCH, mainly for signaling transmission and
power control consumes most downlink power.

⚫ Therefore, it is necessary to decrease the A-DPCH transmit

power to save the non-HSPA power in a cell to increase the
downlink service capacity.

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DPCH Power Control Based on Radio
Quality (Cont.)
⚫ This feature controls the A-DPCH transmit power based on
the channel quality indicator (CQI) of UEs in high downlink
load scenarios.
 A larger CQI indicates better UE signal quality and lower A-
DPCH transmit power.

 A smaller CQI indicates worse UE signal quality and higher

ADPCH transmit power

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DPCH Power Control Based on Radio
Quality (Cont.)
⚫ F-DPCH Power Control Based on Radio Quality depends on
A-DPCH Power Control Based on Radio Quality. This
function is controlled by the cell-level NodeB switch
RADIOQUALITYDPCHPCENHSW. Before configuring this
parameter, ensure that RADIOQUALITYDPCHPCSW is set
to ON.

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DPCH TPC Power Adjustment
⚫ When to Use DPCH TPC Power Adjustment?

⚫ This feature applies to scenarios meeting the following

conditions, for example, urban hotspot areas:
 A large number of HSDPA users with SRB over DCH (more
than 30 are recommended)

 Low proportion of HSDPA users with SRB over DCH to

downlink HSDPA users in the cell (50% or lower is
recommended)

 High downlink non-HSPA power load in the cell (60% or higher

is recommended)

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DPCH TPC Power Adjustment (Cont.)
⚫ If there are a large number of HSDPA users, the associated
DPCH (A-DPCH, used to transmit signaling and control
power) consumes a large number of downlink power
resources, which decreases the available power on the
HSDPA data channel. Therefore, the A-DPCH transmit
power on serving links and non-serving links can be
restricted for an HSDPA user to reduce non-HSPA power
consumption and improve downlink capacity of a cell.

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DPCH TPC Power Adjustment (Cont.)
⚫ This feature is controlled by the DPCHTPCPOADJSW
parameter.

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DPCH TPC Power Adjustment (Cont.)
⚫ If the non-HSPA power load of a cell drops lower than 40%
after this feature takes effect, the DPCH TPC power
adjustment algorithm becomes invalid, and the TPC PO of
the A-DPCH resumes to the value specified by the TpcPo
parameter.

⚫ DPCH TPC power adjustment value

 Before adjustment: TPC power = TpcPo

 After adjustment: TPC PO = 0 dB

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Downlink Open Loop Power Control
Enhancement on DPCH
⚫ This section describes the initial downlink DPCH power
saving function, which is controlled by
DL_DPCH_INIT_TX_PWR_SAVE_SWITCH and
DL_FDPCH_INIT_TX_PWR_SAVE_SWITCH under the
InitPwrOptSwitch parameter.

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 Contents
2. Open Loop Power Control
2.1 Open Loop Power Control Overview

2.2 PRACH Open Loop Power Control

2.3 Downlink Dedicated Channel Open Loop Power Control

2.4 Uplink Dedicated Channel Open Loop Power Control

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UL DPCH Open Loop Power Control
UE NodeB SRNC

1. CCCH: RRC Connection Request

RRC RRC

Allocate RNTI
Select L1 and L2
parameters
2. Radio Link Setup Request
NBAP NBAP

Start RX
description
3. Radio Link Setup Response
NBAP NBAP

4. ALCAP Iub Data Transport Bearer Setup

5. Downlink Synchronization
DCH - FP DCH - FP
6. Uplink Synchronization
DCH - FP DCH - FP

Start TX
description

7. CCCH: RRC Connection Setup

RRC RRC
UL DPCH open loop NBAP
8. Radio Link Restore Indication
NBAP
power control
9. DCCH: RRC Connection Setup Complete
RRC RRC

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 UL DPCCH Open Loop Power Control
⚫ The uplink open loop power control on the DPCH is to calculate the
initial power of the first DPCCH. The initial power of the DPDCH is
calculated based on the power offset between the DPCCH and the
DPDCH.

⚫ The initial power of the uplink DPCCH can be calculated according to

the following formula:
DPCCH_Initial_Power = DPCCH_Power_Offset - CPICH_RSCP

 Where:

◼ DPCCH_Power_Offset is provided by the RNC to the UE via RRC

signaling

◼ CPICH_RSCP is the received signal code power of the PCPICH

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UL DPCCH Open Loop Power Control
Parameter
⚫ DefaultConstantValue

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Uplink Power Control Restriction
⚫ There are four parameters which correspond to the maximum
allowed transmit power of four classes of services:

 MaxUlTxPowerforConv

 MaxUlTxPowerforStr

 MaxUlTxPowerforInt

 MaxUlTxPowerforBac

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 Uplink Open Loop Power Control
Enhancement on DPCH
⚫ The initial uplink DPCH power restriction function, which is controlled
by UL_DPCCH_INIT_TX_PWR_LIM_SWITCH under the
InitPwrOptSwitch parameter.

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 Contents
1. Power Control Overview

2. Open Loop Power Control

3. Closed Loop Power Control

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 Contents
3. Closed Loop Power Control
3.1 Closed Loop Power Control Overview

3.2 Uplink Inner Loop Power Control

3.3 Downlink Inner Loop Power Control

3.4 Outer Loop Power Control

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Closed Loop Power Control Overview
⚫ Why closed loop power control is needed?
 Open loop power control is not accurate enough, it can only estimate
the initial transmission power
 Closed loop power control can guarantee the QoS with minimum
power. By decreasing the interference, the system capacity will be
increased

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 Closed Loop Power Control procedure
Outer Loop Inner Loop
BLERmea>BLERtar→SIRtar SIRmea>SIRtar→ TPC=0
SIRtar TPC
BLERtar BLERmea<BLERtar→SIRtar SIRmeaSIRtar→ TPC=1 TPC=1 Power
TPC=0 Power
Until Until
BLERmea=BLERtar SIRmea=SIRtar

⚫ Through inner loop power control, the SIRmea can be ensured to

approach SIRtar
⚫ iThrough outer loop power control, the BLERmea can be ensured to
approach BLERtar

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 Contents
3. Closed Loop Power Control
3.1 Closed Loop Power Control Overview

3.2 Uplink Inner Loop Power Control

3.3 Downlink Inner Loop Power Control

3.4 Outer Loop Power Control

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Uplink Inner Loop Power Control
⚫ NodeB compares the measured SIR to the target SIR, then
derives TPC and sends the TPC Decision to UE

TPC Decision
Compare SIRmea with SIRtar ( 0, 1 )
SIRmea  SIRtar → TPC = 0 Single RL / Soft HO
SIRmea  SIRtar → TPC = 1 PCA1 / PCA2

Inner Loop Generate TPC_cmd

( -1, 0, 1 )

Set SIRtar Adjust DPCCH Tx

Transmit TPC △DPCCH =△TPC×TPC_cmd
NodeB UE

Adjust DPDCH Tx
( c , d )

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Uplink Inner Loop PCA1 with Single
Radio Link
⚫ For single radio link and PCA1, UE derives one TPC_cmd in
each time slot as follows:

TPC …… 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 ……

TPC_cmd …… -1 1 1 -1 1 1 -1 1 1 -1 ……

This control is performed in each time slot, so

the power control frequency is 1500Hz

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 Uplink Inner Loop PCA2 with Single
Radio Link
⚫ For single radio link and PCA2, UE derives one TPC_cmd in
each 5-slot group as follows:
10ms radio frame

TPC Group 1 Group 2 Group 3

TS0 TS1 TS2 TS3 TS4 TS5 TS6 TS7 TS8 TS9 TS10 TS11 TS12 TS13 TS14
…… ……

0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1

…… ……
0 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

TPC_cmd

This control is performed in each 5-slot group,

so the power control frequency is 300Hz

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Uplink Inner Loop Power Control with
Soft Handover
⚫ When UE enters soft handover state, on the NodeB side,
there are two phases :
 Uplink synchronization phase

 Multi-radio link phase

⚫ On UE side, UE will receive different TPCs from different

RLS in one time slot. Therefore, the UE should combine all
the TPCs to get a unique TPC_CMD

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Uplink Inner Loop PCA1 with Soft Handover
CELL1 CELL2
For each slot, combine TPC from
the same RLS, then get Wi RL1-1 RL1-2

RLS1

Get TPC_cmd based on RLS2 RLS3

TPC_cmd =  (W1, W2, … WN)
CELL3 CELL4

RLS1-TPC (W1) …… 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 ……

RLS2-TPC (W2) …… 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 ……

RLS3-TPC (W3) …… 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 ……

TPC_cmd …… -1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 ……

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Uplink Inner Loop PCA2 with Soft
Handover
Combine TPC from same RLS
in each time slot
CELL1 CELL2

RL1-1 RL1-2
Calculate TPC_tempi for each RLSi RLS1

Calculate TPC_cmd RLS2 RLS3

 If any TPC_tempi = -1, TPC_cmd = -1
N CELL3 CELL4
1
 If
N
 TPC _ temp
i =1
i  0.5 , TPC_cmd = 1

 Otherwise, TPC_cmd = 0

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Uplink Inner Loop PCA2 with Soft
Handover (Cont.)
10ms/frame
Group 1 Group 2 Group 3
TPC
TS0 TS1 TS2 TS3 TS4 TS5 TS6 TS7 TS8 TS9 TS10 TS11 TS12 TS13 TS14

RLS1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
…… ……
RLS2 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1

RLS3 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1

TPC_tempi
TS0 TS1 TS2 TS3 TS4 TS5 TS6 TS7 TS8 TS9 TS10 TS11 TS12 TS13 TS14

RLS1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 0
…… ……
RLS2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 0

RLS3 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 1

TPC_cmd
TS0 TS1 TS2 TS3 TS4 TS5 TS6 TS7 TS8 TS9 TS10 TS11 TS12 TS13 TS14
…… ……
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 -1 0 0 0 0 0

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Uplink Inner Loop Power Control
Parameters

⚫ PwrCtrlAlg

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Uplink Inner Loop Power Control
Parameters (Cont.)
⚫ UlTpcStepSize

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 Contents
3. Closed Loop Power Control
3.1 Closed Loop Power Control Overview

3.2 Uplink Inner Loop Power Control

3.3 Downlink Inner Loop Power Control

3.4 Outer Loop Power Control

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Downlink Inner Loop Power Control
⚫ UE L1 compares the measured SIR to the target SIR, then
derives TPC and sends the TPC Decision to NodeB

Derive TPCest(k)
L3 set SIRtar
(0, 1)
DPC_MODE

Inner Loop
Generate PTPC(k)
L1 compare
SIRmea with
SIRtar
Calculate P(k)
Derive and transmit
NodeB TPC based on UE
DPC_MODE

Adjust DPCH Tx Power

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Downlink Inner Loop Power Control
Mode
⚫ Two DPC_MODE (Downlink Power Control Mode) could be
used:
 If DPC_MODE = 0, UE sends a unique TPC in each slot,
NodeB shall derive TPCest to be 0 or 1, and update the power
every slot

 If DPC_MODE = 1, UE repeats the same TPC over 3 slots,

NodeB shall derive TPCest over three slots to be 0 or 1, and
update the power every three slots

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Downlink Inner Loop Power Control
Mode Parameters
⚫ DpcMode

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Downlink Inner Loop Power Control
(Cont.)
⚫ After estimating the TPC, NodeB shall set the new downlink power
P(k) according to the following formula:

P(k ) = P(k − 1) + PTPC (k )

 Where:
◼ P(k-1) is (k-1):th downlink transmission power

◼ PTPC(k) is the power adjustment due to TPCest(k)

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Downlink Inner Loop Power Control
(Cont.)
⚫ PTPC(k) is calculated according to the following:
 If the value of “Limited Power Increase Used” parameter is “Not
Used”, then:

+ TPC if TPC est ( k ) = 1

PTPC ( k ) = 
 − TPC if TPC est ( k ) = 0

 Where:
◼ TPCest (k) is the estimated TPC

◼ TPC is downlink power adjustment step size, it’s determined by the

parameter FddTpcDlStepSize

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 Downlink Inner Loop Power Control
(Cont.)
 If the value of “Limited Power Increase Used” parameter is
“Used”, then:

+ TPC if TPC est ( k ) = 1 and sum ( k ) + TPC  Power _ Raise _ Limit


PTPC ( k ) = 0 if TPC est ( k ) = 1 and sum ( k ) + TPC  Power _ Raise _ Limit
−  if TPC est ( k ) = 0
 TPC

 Where: k −1
sum ( k ) = P TPC ( i )
i = k − DL _ Power _ Average_ Window _ Size

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Downlink Power Balance
⚫ Downlink power balance is used to reduce power drift
between downlink radio links in macro diversity operation.

⚫ During soft handover, the uplink TPC command is

demodulated in each radio link set (RLS). Because of
demodulation errors, the downlink transmit power of each
branch drifts separately, which causes loss to the macro
diversity gain.

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Downlink Power Balance

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Downlink Inner Loop Power Control
Parameters
⚫ PC_INNER_LOOP_LMTED_PWR_INC_SWITCH

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Downlink Inner Loop Power Control
Parameters (Cont.)
⚫ FddTpcDlStepSize

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 Contents
3. Closed Loop Power Control
3.1 Closed Loop Power Control Overview

3.2 Uplink Inner Loop Power Control

3.3 Downlink Inner Loop Power Control

3.4 Outer Loop Power Control

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 Outer Loop Power Control
⚫ Why do we need outer loop power control?

Different curves
correspond to
different multi-path
environment
BLER

SIR

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Uplink Outer Loop Power Control

Measure BLER of received Measure SIR and

data and compare with the compare with SIRtar
BLERtar
Out loop Inner loop

Set BLERtar
Set SIRtar Transmit TPC
RNC NodeB UE

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Initial SIR Setting
⚫ The initial SIR target value (Init_SIR_target) is service-
dependent and is provided by the RNC to the NodeB

⚫ For the SRB and TRB, the values of SIR target,

Max_SIR_target, and Min_SIR_target must fulfill the
following requirement: Min_SIR_target ≤ SIR target ≤
Max_SIR_target

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Adjusting the SIR Target
⚫ SIRtar adjustment formula:

 BLERmeas,i (n − 1) − BLERtar ,i 
SIRtar (n) = MAX SIRtar (n − 1) +  Stepi 
 BLERtar ,i 

 Where:
◼ i is the ith transport channel

◼ n is the nth adjustment period

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SIR Target Adjustment Limitation
⚫ The parameters Max_SIR_increase_step and
Max_SIR_decrease_step limit the adjustment range of the
SIRtar, and the algorithm is:
 If SIRtar  0 and SIRtar  “Max_SIR_increase_step”,
then SIRtar (n+1) = SIRtar (n) + Max_SIR_increase_step
 If SIRtar  0 and ABS (SIRtar)  “Max_SIR_decrease_step”,
then SIRtar (n+1) = SIRtar (n) - Max_SIR_decrease_step

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 Parameters Example of BLER-based
Uplink Outer Loop Power Control
BLER Init_SIR Max_SIR Min_SIR OLPC SIR_adjust Max_SIR_in Max_SIR_de
Service
target _target _target _target period ment_step crease_step crease_step
SRB 3.4K 0.01 2 dB 5 dB –2 dB 40 ms 0.004 dB 0.4 dB 0.2 dB
SRB 13.6K 0.01 4 dB 5 dB –2 dB 20 ms 0.01 dB 0.5 dB 0.2 dB
AMR 12.2K 0.01 2 dB 5 dB –2 dB 20 ms 0.005 dB 0.5 dB 0.2 dB
CS 64K 0.002 4 dB 7 dB –2 dB 20 ms 0.002 dB 1 dB 0.1 dB
PS I/B 8K 0.01 2 dB 5 dB –2 dB 40 ms 0.004 dB 0.4 dB 0.2 dB
PS I/B 16K 0.01 2 dB 5 dB –2 dB 20 ms 0.004 dB 0.4 dB 0.2 dB
PS I/B 32K 0.01 2 dB 5 dB –2 dB 20 ms 0.004 dB 0.4 dB 0.2 dB
PS I/B 64K 0.01 2 dB 5 dB –2 dB 20 ms 0.004 dB 0.4 dB 0.2 dB
PS I/B
0.01 2 dB 5 dB –2 dB 20 ms 0.004 dB 0.4 dB 0.2 dB
128K
PS I/B
0.01 2.5 dB 5.5 dB –2 dB 20 ms 0.004 dB 0.4 dB 0.2 dB
144K
PS I/B
0.01 4 dB 7 dB –2 dB 20 ms 0.004 dB 0.4 dB 0.2 dB
256K
PS I/B
0.01 6 dB 9 dB –2 dB 20 ms 0.004 dB 0.4 dB 0.2 dB
384K

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Uplink Outer Loop Power Control
Parameters
⚫ PC_OLPC_SWITCH

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Uplink Outer Loop Power Control
Parameters (Cont.)
⚫ OLPC adjustment period

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Uplink Outer Loop Power Control
Parameters (Cont.)
⚫ SIR adjustment step

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Uplink Outer Loop Power Control
Parameters (Cont.)
⚫ BLERQuality

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Uplink Outer Loop Power Control
Based on BER
⚫ The OLPC based on the BER is similar to the OLPC based
on the BLER, but the BER is used as the control object.

⚫ When the UE is in discontinuous transmission (DTX) mode,

the RNC cannot receive data or update the BLER.
Therefore, the BER is used to solve this problem.

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Downlink Outer Loop Power Control

Measure BLER of
L3 received data and
compare with the
BLERtar

Outer loop
Set
Inner loop SIRtar

L1 Measure SIR and

compare with SIRtar

Transmit TPC
NodeB UE

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Outer Loop Power Control
Enhancement
⚫ Outer loop power control is enhanced to allow a quick
increase or decrease in the SIRtarget, for example, when RB
establishment or reconfiguration is complete, there is burst
interference, or UE transmit power is insufficient. In these
scenarios, the enhanced feature reduces the uplink power
waste. When the RTWP increases abnormally due to limited
cell capacity, the NodeB adjusts the SIRtarget sent from the
RNC to prevent a continuous RTWP increase caused by the
SIRtarget increase.

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Outer Loop Power Control
Enhancement (Cont.)
⚫ Outer loop power control enhancement implements quick
increase or decrease of the SIRtarget. However, the quick
decrease of the SIRtarget may cause the BLER to increase
for CS services, hampering user experience. To maintain
CS service quality, select
PC_OLPC_FASTDOWN_OPT_LIMIT_CS_SWITCH under
the PcSwitch parameter. After this switch is selected, outer
loop power control enhancement does not take effect on CS
services, and the capacity slightly decreases.

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Outer Loop Power Control
Enhancement-Scenarios
⚫ In scenarios where uplink power is wasted, outer loop
power control enhancement adjusts the SIRtarget differently
from the legacy outer loop power control algorithms as
follows:

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RB Establishment or Reconfiguration
⚫ In this scenario, the enhanced feature is controlled by
PC_OLPC_FastDown_Optimize_SWITCH under the
PCSwitch parameter

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Burst Interference
⚫ In this scenario, the enhanced feature is controlled by
PC_OLPC_FastDown_Optimize_SWITCH under the
PCSwitch parameter

⚫ If there is burst interference, the block error rate of the UE is

extremely high. The SIRtarget quickly increases if the RNC
uses a legacy outer loop power control algorithm. However,
the SIRtarget slowly decreases to a proper value after the
interference is eliminated, wasting uplink power.

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UE Transmit Power Insufficiency
⚫ In this scenario, the enhanced feature is controlled by
PC_OLPC_FastDown_Optimize_SWITCH under the
PCSwitch parameter

⚫ The RNC sends the NodeB a DEDICATED

MEASUREMENT INITIATION REQUEST message
containing the measurement object of the SIRerror. The
SIRerror is equal to the actual SIR minus the SIRtarget. The
NodeB reports event F to the RNC

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RTWP Abnormal Increase
⚫ In this scenario, the enhanced feature is controlled by
RTWPSIRTGTADJSW

⚫ When the RTWP increases abnormally due to limited cell

capacity, the NodeB determines the RTWP abnormal
increase scenario according to the slight congestion
threshold and severe congestion threshold, and adjusts the
SIRtarget from the RNC for DTX UEs and non-DTX UEs
separately. This decreases the RTWP or increases cell
uplink capacity.

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