LESSON#1

Organs of the Digestive

System
Biological level of organization

Cell
Tissue
Organ
Organ system
Organism
 DIFFERENT
Learn ORGAN
about It! SYSTEMS OF HUMANS

Integumentary system
Skeletal system Urinary system
Muscular system
Reproductive system
Nervous system
Digestive system
Circulatory system
Respiratory system
 Identify theIt!parts of the digestive system.
Learn about

write the name of

each colored organ:
• Yellow Green:
• Red:
• Pink:
• Brown:
• Purple:
• Green:
• Yellow:
Learn about It!

What is the digestive system?

Is the organ system that
❖

processes food that the body

needs in order to get nutrients
and energy.
 Learn about It!

Digestive System
• Two types of digestion:
1. Mechanical digestion
2. Chemical digestion
• Two major division of the
digestive system:
1. Main organs
2. Accessory organs The digestive system has two
major divisions
Digestive System
Learn about It!

• Two types of digestion:

1. Mechanical digestion
(Physical)
- Chewing
- Tearing
- Grinding
- Mixing

The digestive system has two

major divisions
 Learn about It!

Digestive System
• Two types of digestion:
1. Chemical digestion (Involves
enzyme)

- Carbohydrates
- Proteins
- Lipids
The digestive system has two
major divisions
 What
Learn about It! is Carbohydrates?

❖ are sugar molecules

that are used up as
main sources of
energy once they are
assimilated by the
cells.
❖ Salivary amylase and pancreatic amylase
 Learn about It!

❖ Classification of carbohydrates:
❖ Monosaccharides
❖ Disaccharides

❖ Polysaccharides

❖ Carbohydrates with one sugar molecule are

called monosaccharides.
❖ Glucose
❖ Fructose
❖ Galactose
 Learn about It!

❖ Carbohydrates with two sugar molecules are

called disaccharides.
❖ Sucrose ❖ Table sugar
❖ Lactose ❖ Milk sugar of mammals
❖ Maltose ❖ Grains

❖ Maltase, Lactase, and Sucrase

 Learn about It!

❖ Polysaccharides – are chains of

monosaccharides or disaccharides.
❖ Starch ❖ Sugars in plants
❖ Glycogen ❖ Sugars in animals
❖ Cellulose
 Learn about It!What is Proteins?

❖ Proteins are made

up of blocks called
amino acids.
❖ Pepsin and trypsin

❖ Short chain of amino acids

is called a peptide.
❖ peptidase
 Learn about It! What is Lipids?

❖ Lipids are fatty compounds

that perform a variety of
functions in your body.

Basic building blocks of

❖
lipids are glycerol and fatty
acids.
❖ Bile
Learn about It!
 Learn about It!

I. Ingestion
II. Digestion
III. Absorption
IV. Assimilation
V. Egestion
 Learn about It!

A. Ingestion
❖ The 1 process that happens in
st

digestion.
❖ It is the journey of taking food or any
substance into the body through the
mouth.
TheLearn
Mouth Region
about It!

● Lips have sensory receptors

that can detect the texture and
temperature of food.

● Palate is the mouth’s upper

boundary where food is
pushed against when chewing. Mechanical and chemical
digestion take place in mouth
TheLearn
Mouth Region
about It!

● Tongue functions for

tasting, mixing, and
swallowing food.

● Papillae are tiny bumps

on the tongue’s upper
surface containing taste
The tongue is a muscular organ that
buds. functions for tasting and swallowing
TheLearn
Mouth Region
about It!

● Saliva washing away food debris

and bacteria remaining in the
mouth.
● The teeth function to physically
break the food down.

The teeth allows mechanical

digestion in the mouth
During Ingestion:
Learn about It!

● The teeth will cut, crush, and break the food into tiny pieces
while the tongue help mixes the food with saliva secreted
then it will be formed into a bolus.

● This process is known as mastication or chewing.

During Ingestion:
Learn about It!

● The saliva contains salivary amylase the

enzyme that breakdowns the starch into
smaller carbohydrates.
 Learn about It!

B. Digestion
❖ is the second process involved in digestive
system. It is the process that involves break
down of large food molecules into smaller
molecules for easy absorption of the cells.
Pharynx and Epiglottis
Learn about It!

● The pharynx connects

the mouth to the
esophagus.

Pharynx is common to both

respiratory and digestive systems
Epiglottis
Learn about It!

● Epiglottis is a
cartilaginous tissue that
prevents the entry of
food and water into the
respiratory tract.

Pharynx is common to both

respiratory and digestive systems
 Learn about It!

● Esophagus is a long muscular

tube where food travels from
the mouth to the stomach.

● Peristalsis – The series of wave-

like muscle contractions that
push and transport foods and
liquids to the stomach.

The digestive system has two

esophageal sphincters
 Learn about It!

● The stomach is a hollow

and curved organ that
functions for the storage
and breakdown of food.

● It produces acids, mucus,

and enzymes that help in
digestion. Stomach performs both mechanical
and chemical digestion
 Learn about It!

● The inner walls have

folds known as rugae
allow the stomach to
stretch to store large
meals.
● The Learn
stomach hasIt!
about three sections: the cardia, the fundus,
and the pylorus
• Cardia- 1st part of the
stomach that is
connected to the
esophagus.

Cardiac sphincter- prevents

backflow of food.
 Learn about It!

• Fundus- lies to the left

part of cardia. It collects
digestive gases.

• Digestive gas releases

through the mouth
(belching) or rectum
(flatulence).
 • Pylorus- a valve that opens and closes during digestion.
Learn about It!

• It allows partly digested

food from the stomach to
pass through to the small
intestine.

Pyloric sphincter- This ring of

tissue controls when and how
partly digested food move to
your small intestine.
 Learn about It! C. Absorption

❖ 3rd process that happens in the digestive system.

❖ Absorption is the process of passing the soluble food

molecules in the wall of the small intestine through
the villi – the tiny, finger-like projections from the
epithelial lining of the intestinal wall.
 Learn about It!

● The small intestine is a long tube

where the final digestion takes
place.
○ Duodenum: where chyme
mixes with enzymes

Small intestine is the site of

digestion and absorption
 Learn about It!

● The small intestine is a long tube

where the final digestion takes
place.
○ Jejunum: site of nutrient
absorption
○ Ileum: site of digestion and
further absorption
Small intestine is the site of
digestion and absorption
 Learn about It! D. Assimilation

• 4th process that occurs in the digestive system.

• It is the movement of
digested food nutrients into
the blood vessels of the
small intestine into the body
cell through the microvilli.
E. Egestion
Learn about–It!
released of undigested food.

● The large intestine is the final

organ of the digestive system.

● It is the site for vitamin and

water absorption.

● It converts chyme into feces and

collected in the rectum and is
pushed out of the body through
the anus by defecation. The large intestine is a site for
water absorption
 TheLearn
Accessory
about It!Organs

● Salivary glands secrete saliva

into the mouth which cleans
the teeth, lubricates the food,
and allows chemical digestion.

● It consists of the parotid

gland, submandibular gland,
and sublingual gland.
The salivary glands all contribute
to the salivary secretions
TheLearn
Accessory Organs
about It!

● The liver, the second largest

organ, produces bile which
aids in lipid digestion.

● The gallbladder stores and

holds the bile until it is needed
in the duodenum.

The liver and pancreas aid in the

chemical digestion in duodenum
TheLearn
Accessory Organs
about It!

● Pancreas is a yellowish organ

that secretes pancreatic juice.

● This is essential in breaking

down proteins, fats, and
carbohydrates in food.

The liver and pancreas aid in the

chemical digestion in duodenum