INTRODUGTION TO BASIC COMPUTER Introduction Brief-Overview: A computer has become an important part of everyday life in today's world. And as a result, people use computer to keep records, to socialise, to search information, store piotures and music, play games and communicate with others, Furthermore, computers have changed the. way individuals work and live. Therefore, this course is structured to develop technology literacy skills which involves being able fo use technology such as computers to communicate, solve problems and collect or organize and share information. The course will provide a hands-on experience to explore and discover the basic computer applications. The objective of this module is to learn about the basic parts of computer and its operating system. WHAT IS A COMPUTER? ‘A computer refers to an “electronic device that manipulates data or it has the ability to store, retrieve and process data”. In other words, a computer is an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory that can accept data (input), process the data according to specified rules, produce information (output), and store the information for future use, Every computer Is composed of two basic components: namely e Hardware ° Software Y Hardware is any part-of the computer that has a physical structure, such as the computer case, monitor, keyboard, printer, scanner ete. ¥ Software is any set of instruction that tells the hard ware how to do; Microsoft Office Packages, Windows 8, 10, & 11. Thus, the part which activates the physical componente is called a softwareTHE DIFFERENT TYPES OF COMPUTERS. Desktop computer (Personal computer) Laptop computer (Notebook) Tablet and Smartphone Workstation Apple Macintosh (Mac) ¥ Desktop computer once you add @ monitor mouse and keyboard you have what is typically known as a desktop computer Laptop is battery or Ac-power personal computer that can be easily carried and used in a variety of location. ¥ Tablet and smartphone: It incorporates @ variety of features include a calendar, internet access, video recording, word processing, email access, phone, media player and more, Y Workstation is similar to desktop computer but is more powerful and is usually connect to a network. It is exclusively made for complex purpose. 5 BASIC PARTS OF A COMPUTER Computer case / Chassis Input / Output unit Central Processing Unit (CPU) Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) Storage unit Random Access Memory (RAM) Keyboard Power cord Monitor Mouse ok ee © Computer case is metal and plastic box that contains the main components of the computer. i ® Monitor works with a video card, located inside the computer case, to display image and text on the screen. Keyboard is a piece of hardware that resembles a typewriter keyboard louse is the peripheral that is known as a pointing device. Paver co seco Ii ees Ons pee ne ome SUEPI on. nae computer casing.What is Inside a desktop computer? Central processing unit (CPU) The central processing unit, also called a processor, Is located inside the computer case on the motherboard, it is often called the brain of the computer, or the computer engine. It carry out commands whenever you press a key , click the mouse, or start an application, you're sending instruction to the CPU. THE INNER PART OF THE COMPUTER Hard disk drive CPU ( Central processing unit) Expansion slot Computer memory Mother board Sound card RAM slots ee no WHAT IS AN OPERATING SYSTEM? ‘An operating system (OS) refers to the programme that, after being initially loaded into the computer by a boot programme, manages the other entire application programme in a computer. TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEMS Y Microsoft Windows; 7, 8, 10, & 11(Latest) ¥ Apple macOS Y Linux Operating System Y Google Android OS - v Apple iOS APPLICATIONS AFFILIATED TO MICROSOFT OFFICE PACAKAGES * Microsoft Word - for making professional-quality documents, letters, reports © Microsoft Excel - for format, organize, and calculate data in a spreadsheet = Microsoft PowerPoint - used fer elldee to convey Information rich in multimedia © Microsoft Access. —_—- for reference, reporting, and analyse large amounts of info ® Microsoft Edge + It is designed for web services (Windows 10 & 11 devices)© Microsoft Publisher —- used for graphic designing layouts * Microsoft Outlook —_—- to send & receive email messages, manage calendar etc, TYPES OF MICROSOFT OFFICE PACKAGES © Microsoft office 366 (currently in the market) Microsoft office 2019 Microsoft office 2016 Microsoft office 2013 Microsoft office 2007 TWO TYPES OF SOFTWARE * System Software ~ Is the most fundamental software of all, without it the computer would not be able to function i.e. Windows 7, 8, 10, & 11 * Application Software — is a type of software that performs specific functions for the end user by interacting directly with it, Example of application software ¥ Microsoft office packages, Adobe Acrobat - PDF, Google Chrome — Web services, VLC - Music, Canva ~ Graphic Designing, & WhatsApp — real time communication, PERIPHERALS YOU CAN USE IN VARIOUS PORTS Printer Scanners ‘Speakers / headphone Microphones Soundeard USB ports SoM NS AIM OF THE COMPUTER Y To store information ¥ To set time and date ¥ To complete information ¥ For playing ¥ For banking v For communication 4WHAT CAUSES COMPUTER VIRUS INFECTIONS? Accessing malicious websites Attaching unsecured removable or external storage devices (¢.g., flash Drive/Disk “USBs", external hard drives, and memory cards etc. ¥ Downloading malicious and unlicensed applications (software) Y Clicking malicious ads Y Clicking unlicensed Links v y << Opening suspicious emails attachments TIPS FOR AVOIDING COMPUTER VIRUSES By updating the installed operating system and installed programmes Cheok the URL “https encrypted, can protect sensitive date” instead of “http” Install and use security features i.e. McAfee, Smadav, Avast, Bitdefender ete By regularly updating the installed antivirus software Ra FIVE PARTS OF INFORMATION SYSTEM Y People = we cannot overlook people because they are computer user, without people there will no operation ¥ Hardware= These are the physical part of the computer that you can see and touch Y Goftware=Programs that you cannot observe and also feel them, you only see the result e.g Ms word ,Access Y Procedure=Rules or guideline to follow when a software ,hardware and data , step by step instructions that tells the computer how to do its work V Datazis often know as unprocessed fact for one simple reason because the typed characters are being processed becomes processed facts which is information. CUSTOMIZE QUICK ACCESS TOOLBAR: New Open Save Email Quick Print Spelling and grammar Undo Redo ANN = Increase font size 18. Ctrl +Shift +D =Double underline 19, Ctrl +N=To Open other document 20.Ctrl +6 =Copy LEFT HAND RIGHT HAND we -Put your littir finger on “A ‘Thumb finger on “Spacebar™ -Ring finger on"S" ___| index finger on J" Middle finger on"D" Middle finger on “K” Index finger 0 “F” Ring finger “L” [Thumb finger on “Space” Lilie finger on “Semicoion® ELEMENT OF KEYBOARD /FUNCTIONS v Home = Move cursor to the beginning home tap ¥ End = Move cursor to the end start menu bar /line Y Shift = Used to type the upper case characters like @, %, $, #,? and hold in shift while typing appropriate letter. Insert =Used to switch between over typing letters Delete = Used to delete character above and to right of cursor Numlock = Used switch between numeric and other characters on the numeric keyboard Spacebar Used to type spaces /space short distance Escape *Used to move back to previous screen or program F1 to F12 = Performs different function in different programs Back space =Move cursor one place left and erases characters at the same time / erases the character to the left or right Arrow key =Move one screen up and down left or right Page up /page down =Move one screen up down Ctrl Control) always used in conjunction with another key to give the letter key @ different function ¥ Enter =one of the most important key on the keyboard, hitting this tells the computer to execute the command type. Se aS¥ SS Cursor sis a Clicking bar on the screen which indicates where the next data will be inserted Print Screen sits takes a Picture of your screen that you can editor save using a graphics program Caps lock = Used to type uppercase Tab =Used to move the top of a document Ctrl +Home =Move the top of a document Ctrl +End =Move to the bottom of a documentv eS Cursor sis a Clicking bar on the screen which indicates where the next data will be inserted Print Screen sits takes a Picture of your screen that you can editor save using a graphics program Caps lock = Used to type uppercase Tab =Used to move the top of a document Ctrl +Home =Move the top of a document Ctrl +End =Move to the bottom of a document