Chapter V
Digital Logic Circuit
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5. Digital Logic
Introduction:
• Digital electronic devices used for logic, display, sequencing, timing, and
other functions in mechatronic systems.
• The fundamentals presented in this chapter are important in understanding the
basic functioning of all digital components and systems used in the control of
mechatronic systems.
• Analog signal that changes in a continuous manner, a digital signal exists
only at specific levels or states and changes its level in discrete steps.
• Most digital signals have only two states: high and low.
• A system using two-state signals allows the application of Boolean logic and
binary number representations,
• which form the foundation for the design of all digital devices
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5. Digital Logic
• Digital devices are categorized according to their function as combinational
logic or sequential logic devices.
Combinational Logic Circuit
• Combinational Logic circuit contains logic gates where its output is
determined by the combination of the current input, regardless of the output
or the prior combination of input.
• Basically, combinational circuit can be depicted by Diagram 1 below:
• Digital devices convert digital inputs into one or more digital outputs.
• The difference between the two categories is based on signal timing.
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5. Digital Logic
• Logic circuits for half adder (HA)
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5. Digital Logic
Sequential Logic Circuit
• Sequential Logic Circuit contains logic gates arranged in parallel and its output
is not only determined by the combination of the current input, but also the
prior output.
• The circuit also contains memory elements that enable it to store the
information of the prior output.
• Examples of sequential circuits in the computer system are like registers,
counters and serial adders
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5. Digital Logic
Gated S/R Latch
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5. Digital Logic
• The standard AND, NAND, OR, NOR, and XOR gates have only two inputs,
but other forms are available with more than two inputs.
• In the case of a multiple input AND gate, the output is 1 if and only if all
inputs are 1.
• Logic gates are built using transistors
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NOT Gate -- Inverter
NOT X Y
X Y 0 1
1 0
Y = ~X
NOT
X ~X ~~X = X
X ~X ~~X
0 1 0
1 0 1
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AND Gate
AND
X Y Z
X 0 0 0
0 1 0
Z
1 0 0
Y 1 1 1
Z = X & Y
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OR Gate
OR
X Y Z
X 0 0 0
Z 0 1 1
Y 1 0 1
1 1 1
Z = X | Y
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NAND Gate
NAND
X Y Z
X 0 0 1
0 1 1
Z
1 0 1
Y 1 1 0
Z = ~(X & Y)
nand(Z,X,Y)
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NAND Gate
NOT-AND
X Y W Z
X 0 0 0 1
W 0 1 0 1
Z
1 0 0 1
Y 1 1 1 0
W = X & Y
Z = ~W = ~(X & Y)
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NOR Gate
NOR
X Y Z
X 0 0 1
Z 0 1 0
Y 1 0 0
1 1 0
Z = ~(X | Y)
nor(Z,X,Y)
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NOR Gate
NOT-OR
X Y W Z
X 0 0 0 1
W Z 0 1 1 0
Y 1 0 1 0
1 1 1 0
W = X | Y
Z = ~W = ~(X | Y)
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Exclusive-OR Gate
XOR X Y Z
X
Z 0 0 0
Y
0 1 1
Z = X ^ Y 1 0 1
xor(Z,X,Y)
1 1 0
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Exclusive-NOR Gate
XNOR X Y Z
X
Z 0 0 1
Y
0 1 0
Z = ~(X ^ Y)
1 0 0
Z = X ~^ Y
1 1 1
xnor(Z,X,Y)
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5. Digital Logic
Note: The algebraic symbols used to represent the logic functions are: plus (+) for
logic OR, dot (·) for the logic AND, and an overbar for logic NOT, denoting inversion.
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5. Digital Logic
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5. Digital Logic
Timing diagrams
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5. Digital Logic
Boolean algebra
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5. Digital Logic
Boolean algebra
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5. Digital Logic
Boolean algebra
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5. Digital Logic
Boolean algebra
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5. Digital Logic
Logical Expression Simplification
Note: K-map method
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Prepare by: it as reading assignment
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5. Digital Logic
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5. Digital Logic
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5. Digital Logic
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5. Digital Logic
• NAND and NOR gates are called universal gate
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5. Digital Logic
• Logic Chips are built from logic gates
• Integration levels may be Small(SSI), Medium(MSI), Large(LSI) or
Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI).
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5. Digital Logic
Draw the Circuit Diagram
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End of Chapter V
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