MA1024B-23S2 Tutorial 07 Page 1 of 3
Numerical Methods
1. Find the rates of convergence of the following sequences as n → ∞.
(a) [sin ( n1 )]2
(b) sin ( n12 )
(c) log(n + 1) − log(n)
2. Suppose that as x approaches zero,
f1 (x) = L1 + O(xα ) and f2 (x) = L2 + O(xβ )
Let c1 , c2 be non-zero constants and define,
F (x) = c1 f1 (x) + c2 f2 (x) and G(x) = f1 (c1 x) + f2 (c2 x)
Show that if γ = min{α, β} then as x approaches zero,
(a) F (x) = c1 L1 + c2 L2 + O(xγ )
(b) G(x) = L1 + L2 + O(xγ )
3. Find the rates of convergence of the following functions as h → 0.
The big-O notation describes how fast the function goes to 0. The
(a) limh→0 [ 1−cos(h)
h2 ]= 1
2 leading term tells us the primary rate of decay.
sin(h)−h cos(h)
(b) limh→0 [ h ] =2
(c) limh→0 [ h−sin(h)
h ]=0
h
(d) limh→0 [ e h−1 ] = 1
4. Find the rate of convergence of the bisection method.
√
5. Find an approximation to 3 25 correct to within 10−4 using the bisection algorithm.
6. (a) Find a bound for the number of iterations needed to achieve an approximation
with accuracy 10−3 to the solution of
x4 − 2x3 − 4x2 + 4x + 4 = 0
on the interval [-1, 4].
(b) Find an approximation to the root with this degree of accuracy.
7. The function defined by f (x) = sin(πx) has zeros at every integer. Show that when
−1 < a < 0 and 0 < b < 3, the bisection method converges to,
(a) 0, if a + b < 2
(b) 1, if a + b = 2
(c) 2, if a + b > 2
MA1024B-23S2 Tutorial 07 Page 2 of 3
8. Use the bisection method to determine the height (h) of the portion of the sphere
above the water in the given diagram, ensuring the accuracy of 10−3 .
r = 1m
Density of Sphere, ρs = 200kg/m3
Note: The volume of the above-water portion of the sphere can be calculated with,
πh2
V = (3r − h)
3
Multivariate Calulus & PDE
1. Use Lagrange multipliers to find the maximum and minimum values of f subject
to the given constraint, if such values exist. Make an argument supporting the
classification of your minima and maxima.
(a) f (x, y) = 2x + 3y, x2 + y 2 = 25
(b) f (x, y) = xy, 9x2 + 4y 2 = 36
2. (a) Draw contours of f (x, y) = 4x + 3y for z = −30, −25, −20, −10, 0, 10, 25, 30.
(b) On the same axes, graph the constraint x2 + y 2 = 25.
(c) Use the graphs to approximate the points at which f has a maximum or a
minimum value subject to the constraint x2 + y 2 = 25.
(d) Use Lagrange multipliers to find the maximum and minimum values of
f (x, y) = 4x + 3y subject to x2 + y 2 = 25.
3. Find the points on the sphere x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 16 that are closest to and farthest from
the point (2, 3, 6).
x2 y2
4. Find the extreme values of f (x, y) = x2 + y 2 on the region 4 + 9 ≤ 1.
MA1024B-23S2 Tutorial 07 Page 3 of 3
5. Find the absolute maximum and minimum values of the function:
f (x, y) = x2 + y 2 + xy
on the domain
D = {(x, y) | |x| ≤ 1 and |y| ≤ 1}
.
