M-Governance

Evolution of e-Governance in India

DBT,
Convergence,
m-Governance integrated
Initiative services, smart
Unique governance,
NeGP, holistic Identity Digital India
approach to (Aadhaar)
Individual Project
dept. & state e-Gov, 31
level MMPs
initiatives

1990-2006 2006 2009 2011 2013-14

Mobile Phone: Emerging Channel for
Service Delivery

Low-end mobile Handsets with more

phones are often advanced computing
referred to as feature ability through the use
phones, and offer basic of native software
telephony. applications became
known as smart phones
Available OS
Mobile Platform Market share in India
 Background
The number of telephone subscribers in India decreased from 1,175.08 million at
the end of August-22
Role of Smartphones
Open OS has led to the rising affordability of smartphones which coupled with low mobile data
rates, has led to widespread smartphone adoption. Thus, through smart and maximum
utilization of smartphones, India can advance towards its vision of being a Digital nation.
m-Gov enabling Government Programmes
 Vision Statement

"Make all Government services accessible to the

common man in his locality, through common service
delivery outlets, and ensure efficiency, transparency,
and reliability of such services at affordable costs to
realize the basic needs of the common man".
 Introduction to m-Governance
m-Governance is the use of mobile or
wireless to improve Governance service
and information "anytime, anywhere". M-
Governance is not a replacement for e-
Governance, rather it complements e-
Governance. m-Governance takes
electronic services and makes them
available via mobile technologies using
devices such as mobile phones
M-Governance; The way ahead
Objectives of m-Governance
m-Governance framework of
Government
The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology developed and notified
the framework for Mobile Governance in February, 2012.

Aims to utilize the massive reach of mobile phones and harness the potential of mobile
applications to enable easy and round-the-clock access to public services, especially in the
rural areas .
• Web sites of all Government Departments and Agencies shall be made mobile-compliant,
using the “One Web” approach.
• Open standards shall be adopted for mobile applications for ensuring the inter-operability
of applications across various operating systems and devices as per the Government Policy
on Open Standards for e-Governance.
• Uniform/ single pre-designated numbers (long and short codes) shall be used for mobile-
based services to ensure convenience.
• All Government Departments and Agencies shall develop and deploy mobile applications for
providing all their public services through mobile devices to the extent feasible on the
mobile platform. They shall also specify the service levels for such services.
 Main Measures taken by MeitY

Open Uniform
Websites Apps for
standards Numbers
services

Open standards shall Web sites of all All Government

Departments and Uniform/ single
be adopted for mobile Government pre-designated
applications for Departments Agencies shall develop
and deploy mobile numbers (long
ensuring the inter- and Agencies and short codes)
operability of shall be made applications for providing
all their public services shall be used for
applications across mobile- mobile-based
various operating compliant, using through mobile devices
to the extent feasible on services to ensure
systems and devices as the “One Web” convenience
per the Government approach the mobile platform.
Policy on Open They shall also specify
Standards for e- the service levels for such
Governance services
Delivery models of m-Governance

m-Government to citizen m-Government to business

Front –office
applications

(mG2C) (mG2B)

Which refers to the interaction Describing the interaction of

between government and citizens government with businesses

m-Government to employee m-Government to

Back –office

(mG2E) government
applications

(mG2G)
Which refers to the interaction Which refers to the interaction
between government and citizens between government and citizens

Individual Organizations
Guidelines for Delivery Channels for
Provision of Public Services through
Mobile Devices
Delivery Channels

Delivery
Channels

SMS MMS USSD IVRS M-Apps

Methods of Data collection

FIXED FORMAT SMS

BASED USSD BASED FORMS
07 01
JAVA MICRO EDITION
PLATFORM (J2ME)
06 02 WIRELESS INTERNET
GATEWAY (WIG)
APPLICATION BASED BASED

MOBILE OPERATING
SYSTEM BASED
05 03 VOICE-BASED
04
WEB-BASED
Short Messaging Service (SMS)
Short Messaging Service (SMS) is a text messaging service component
of phone, web, or mobile communication systems, using standardized
communications protocols that allow the exchange of short text
messages between mobile devices.

• It needs little bandwidth

• works well in poor signal areas
• easy and inexpensive to implement
• Users need only a mobile phone
• Localization can also be easily accomplished on SMS
• providing a range of services in different areas like submission of
forms, alerts and notifications ,certificates, pensions, land
records, etc
• The text limit of current SMS for English text is 160 characters
• in Unicode a single message has 70 characters limit
Types of SMS Based Services

Interactional

Transactional
Informational

Pure information Aimed at user Ultimately result

based services requests for the in a transaction
status of a based on the
aimed at particular request from the
providing generic transaction or user with or
or specific activity without payment
information to of a fee
the users about
various activities
PUSH SMS Service: Flow

Citizen mobile
http
BSNL

MSDG

http
Department 1 Citizen mobile

TATA

Citizen mobile
Department 2
Vodafone

SMS GW

Push SMS Flow

Citizen mobile
CONNECTED SMSC

Airtel
PULL SMS Service: Flow

HTTP
HTTP

DEPARTMENT
MSDG

(IIP/IIS)

HTTP
TELCO SMS GATEWAY

HTTP

(IIP/IIS)

DEPARTMENT
SMS Based Service’s standards
01 02
• The range of protocols • Using SMS Gateway,
supported should allow there should be
the solution to be provision for
deployed on digital interchange messages
wireless networks based with other systems such
on GSM, IS-41 (D-AMPS, as Internet email
CDMA) and TDMA (Capable of supporting
standards. There are POP3, IMAP4, SMTP
next generation wireless (with or without SSL)),
systems like LTE and LTE the web etc
Advanced
Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT)

Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) is a block-chain based

registration system. According to TRAI (Telecom Regulatory
Authority of India), telemarketers have to be registered in
the DLT platform.

It is being issued in the public interest to control the SMS

spam from various marketing firms.
Distributed ledger technology (DLT)
Distributed ledger technology (DLT) is a digital system for keeping and managing
the record of sender IDs and template. TRAI has introduced an advanced
extension of the Blockchain – Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) to prevent
spam
• Principal Entity -It’s the organization who’s sending SMS to the customers. As per
the updated TRAI rules every entity has to be registered with the telecom
operators in the DLT platform.
• Header (Sender ID) registration: Messages are classified into promotional,
transactional which are registered, and every header gets a unique Header ID
that is shared across other DLT platforms seamlessly.
• Content Template Registration: Entities are required to register all their
templates on the DLT system. Every template gets a unique Template ID that is
shared across other DLT platforms uniformly.
Machine-to-Machine (M2M)
• AIS-140: Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS)
Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS)

Multimedia Messaging Service, or MMS, refers to a way of sending messages that

include multimedia content to and from mobile phones. It is supported by GPRS enabled
and newer Devices .
• MMS is implemented using a combination of WAP and SMS technologies
• MMS enables multimedia messages containing content such as pictures, graphics, music,
images, and ringtones
• The MMS standard, based on 3GPP & WAP Forum standards, includes :

01 02 03

• An MMS mail • a WAP - gateway • Multimedia

client on the for sending & Messaging Service
device receiving Center (MMSC)
messages for storing, trans-
coding and
relaying messages
Termination of MMS Service
With the increase in use Whatsapp (free messaging services ) MMS
service has been closed by all telecom operators in a phased manner
starting from year 2016.
WhatsApp Business API
WhatsApp divides its messages into two categories:

1. Template Messages - A conversation that initiates from a

Department sending a user a message outside the 24-hour
customer service window. Messages that initiate a
business-initiated conversation will require a message
template.

2. Session Messages -A conversation that initiates in

response to a user message. Whenever a business replies
to a user within the 24-hour customer service window,
Unstructured Supplementary Service
Data (USSD)
• Unstructured Supplementary Service Data is a technology unique to
GSM
• USSD provides session-based communication, enabling a variety of
applications
• USSD messages are up to 182 alphanumeric characters in length
• USSD supports menu-based applications facilitating more user
interactions
• It is neither a phone-based nor a SIM-based feature
• almost seven times faster than SMS
• Messages received on the mobile phone are not stored.
USSD

Definition Advantages Number

• A GSM communication • Session oriented and a menu • 166 Service available on:
technology used to send based service ▪ TATA Docomo GSM
messages between a mobile • Flexible to design dynamic menus ▪ MTNL Mumbai
phone and an application server • Accessible directly from phone ▪ Idea
in the network and extremely user friendly ▪ Vodafone
• It is similar to SMS, but USSD is • Very Secure and almost 7 times ▪ Videocon
session oriented as well as faster than conventional SMS ▪ Aircel
Interactive.
Interactive Voice Response Service
Definition Advantages Type

• Push Outbound Call : Department

• A menu based service with will originate pre-recorded voice call
It is a technology that to citizen.
flexibility to design dynamic menus
allows a computer to • Intelligent call routing allows users • Menu Driven Pull Call : Citizen can
request for specific information
interact with humans to reach the right agent
through IVRS services. Citizen can
through the use of • Save organizations’ time and money avail this service by calling our IVRS
by freeing employees up for other number 166 / 022-26209367
voice and DTMF tones duties • Missed Call : Citizen can give missed
input via keypad • Enhance customer satisfaction by call to a number then department
giving quick response will initiate outbound call on that
number
IVRS Service: Flow

HTTP
HTTP

DEPARTMENT
MSDG

(IIP/IIS)
HTTP
DEPARTMENT

TELCO IVRS Server

HTTP

NSDG / SSDG (IIP/IIS)

Digital Transformation: Mobile Apps
Mobile Application (m-Apps)
Mobile First

Mobile-First approach involves designing a desktop

site starting with the mobile version, which is then
adapted to larger screens (contrary to the traditional
approach of starting with a desktop site and then
adapting it to smaller screens). Mobile-first approach
means building your website with your mobile users
with the main goal of improving these mobile users’
experience on site.
Types of m-Apps
Pre installed during
manufacture
01
Downloaded by users from
various mobile software
distribution platforms

02 03 Delivered as web applications

using server-side or client-side
processing to provide an
"application-like" experience
within a Web browser
MOBILE APPLICATIONS AND MOBILE WEBSITES
DEVELOPMENT

Mobile Applications are of three types

(i) Native
(ii) Mobile Browser based
(iii) Hybrid Application.
SOME MOBILE APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT TOOLS
Tools for
Mobile Integrated Software
Operating Development Development Kit
System Version(2023) Env(IDE) (SDK)

Android Android 13.0 Android Studio Android SDK

iOS iOS 16.3.1 X code iOS SDK:

Windows Phone
Windows Windows 11 Visual Studio SDK(WP-SDK)

BlackBerry BlackBerry 10.3 Momentics IDE

Symbian Symbian Belle carbide.c++

Cross-Platform Mobile Development Tools

Cross-platform mobile development is the creation

of software applications that are compatible with
multiple mobile operating systems.
• React Native.
• Flutter.
• PhoneGap.
• Xamarin
• Ionic
Data Collection: m-forms
 Generic Mobile Application
Geo-Fencing Digital Broadcast : Government departments will promote their services and reach out to
a significant portion of the population in an effective manner. Any new service enabled on the platform
will need to be notified / popularized via Facebook social media platform. Geo fencing allows automatic
alerts to be generated based on the location-based service (LBS) defined coordinates of a geographic
area.

Geo-location based Attendance Mobile Application : This Attendance system uses reverse geo location
tagging with image recognition technology. Employee will click their photo mark attendance.
Application also uploading their work report. Employee as well as their reporting managers can use this
app to check the subordinate’s attendance record. This way Authority will be intimated if attendance is
forged or marked at different location other than allocated. Department can download report from
websites and API for integration.

Feedback Poll Management Mobile Application: This system directly connects government department
to citizen for collecting feedback for their various services, activities and programs. This app allows
department to create a poll and share to citizens. After citizen's locked response department can
analyze their results in app.

Complaint Management System Mobile Application : This app allows citizen to log their complaints
with image of the problem area. Also citizen can track the status of their complaints. This way
department can directly manage the complaints they receive via app.
Other Technologies

Other

SIM
LBS CBC Localization M-Payment Application Mobile PKI ASA/AUA
Tool
Location Based Services

“Location-based services (LBS) denote services offered

to mobile users according to their geographic location.
LBS give the possibility of a two way communication
and interaction. Therefore the user tells the service
provider his actual context like the kind of information
he needs, his preferences and his position. This helps
the provider of such location services to deliver
information tailored to the user needs. LBS enables to
retrieve and share information related to their current
position. ”
 Components of LBS

Positioning Component

Service &
Application
Communication
Provider
Network
03
02 04
Mobile Device Data & Content
LBS Provider
01 05
Cell Broadcast Center
Cell Broadcast is a mobile technology which allows text messages to be
broadcasted to all mobile handsets and similar devices within a designated
geographical area ”

A one-to-
many
geographically
focused It utilizes Cell Broadcast SMS-CB
service, in minimum
message is an messaging is a
contrast to network
unconfirmed mobile
SMS which is resources for
message push service technology
a one-to-one
broadcast and feature defined
or one-to-few by the ETSI’s
provides
service GSM committee
instantaneous
delivery to all and is part of
subscribers in a the GSM
geographic area standard
m-Payment

“A mobile payment is a money payment made for a

product or service through a portable electronic device
such as a tablet or cell phone. The basic aim of mobile
payments is to enable micropayments on low-end
mobile devices which support only voice and text, in
addition to higher end phones which could support
web-browsing or Java application capabilities”
Types of m-Payment

Mobile Banking
QR Code

USSD Mobile Wallet

(*99#)

UPI
SIM Application ToolKit

“The SIM Application Toolkit is a standard set of

commands, under GSM, which defines how the card
should interact with the outside world and extends the
communication protocol between the card and the
handset ”
Mobile PKI

A PKI enabled mobile solution The Mobile phone is used as a

facilitates Digital Signature device for creation and
and authentication for mobile storage of private credentials
applications, where of the user. These credentials
transactions can take place
01 are then used for 02
directly from a mobile phone authenticating and digitally
signing transactions

The options for enablement of PKI Cryptographic SIM based

in mobile includes hardware digital signatures requires a
implementations like
tie-up with the mobile
Cryptographic SIM, Memory card
as Cryptographic token and 03 operator for enabling this 04
software implementations such as service
software cryptographic module in
Mobile Phone.
e-Authentication
Electronic Authentication (or “e-Authentication”) is the
process of electronic identification of a user. E-
Authentication provides a simple, convenient and secure
way for the users to access government services via
Internet/mobile. An authenticated identity is linked to the
online services delivered by government agencies through
the process of “Authorization”
Levels of Application Sensitivity
e- Authentication in Mobile Based Applications

00 01 02 03 04

Level 0 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 4

No Mechanism A user will User needs to The citizen will prove
authentication using username prove her prove her her identity using a
and password. identity using identity through two factor
needed. Used
The user would username, username and authentication which
with SMS, USSD, password plus a
receive the password and will necessarily
IVRS username & OTP user’s digital include biometrics as
password after certificate one of the factors
successful while the other factor
enrolment in e- could either be a soft
Pramaan token (OTP) or a
username/password.
Initiatives to by Govt

under M-Governance
 Mobile Seva
The National Mobile Governance
Initiative
Mobile Seva

“Mobile Seva is an innovative initiative aimed at mainstreaming

mobile governance in the country. It provides an integrated
whole-of-government platform for all Government departments
and agencies in the country for the delivery of public services
to citizens and businesses over mobile devices ”
Value Proposition

A unique nationwide One - stop shop for all

mGovernance initiative mobile services

Easy on-boarding leading to time Substantial cost savings Centrally hosted core infra on
saving for departments cloud
Mobile Seva - Concept
Mobile Seva Platform for delivery of government services to citizen over mobile
devices using SMS, USSD, Voice, LBS, or mobile applications.
Subsystems
• Mobile e-Governance Service Delivery Gateway (MSDG)
• SMS Gateway
• Push
• Pull (short code and Long Code )
• Secure Pull
• M-Gov Application Store
• IVRS
• Push Outbound Call
• Missed Call
• Menu Driven Pull Call
..Cont
❑ Mobile Application Testing Framework
❑ AI SMS Broadcast
❑ Document Signing
❑ AI-based Virtual Chat Assistant
❑ Generic Mobile Application
•Geo-fencing based Attendance application
• Complaint Management,
• Secure Chat
• Smart Notification and Feedback System.
•mGov Apps Container
•Geofencing
Mobile Seva – Overall Status
SMS Gateway
▪ 4210 + Depts. integrated; 4510 cr.+ ▪ 1200 + live m-apps already hosted;
SMSes sent ➔ [Link]
▪ PULL SMS: Short codes 166 & 51969
▪ Long Code : 9223166166 obtained
by MeitY;
▪ 714+ services integrated!
• Push SMS
service

• Pull SMS
Real-time status 24x7 on mgov portal Real-time status 24x7 on mgov portal
service
([Link]) ([Link])
& regular posts on social media & regular posts on social media
([Link]/[Link] , ([Link]/[Link] ,
@mgovindia) @mgovindia)
Department Onboarding: Self-registration

PULL SMSes
(i) Provide API for MSDG to send
messages
(ii) Define keywords, sub-
Create account at keywords, responses
[Link]
e.g.: SMS “GOA RATIONC XXXX”
(Expedited vetting follows) to 51969

PUSH SMSes:
(i) through dashboard from the
account
(ii) through programmatic
interface ([Link])
mSeva AppStore
mSeva AppStore
Why a National AppStore ?

Imposed Indian
Country Dedicated Security &
Policies and Law Data Law

Aatma Nirbhar Indigenously

Bharat Mission Developed

mSeva
AppStore

Vision of "Aatma Nirbhar Bharat”

Integrated Domains
 Flow of Hosting Application

App owner submit “App

Upload” Form

Various testing levels will ensure

before publishing that the App
First Level App Analysis with
Publish/Reject App on
tool and submit report to
➢ Is not harmful Appstore
next level
➢ Is not related to gambling etc
➢ Is secured

Second Level Testing and

analyze for any vulnerabilities
Security Measures in mSeva AppStore

Data Storage Cryptographic

Algorithms & Proper
Secure Platform Usage
Communication
Secure
Identification of Authentication
Dangerous & Authorization
Permissions
Integrity Check
Secure App Logic

Major focus is to host Security Centric Mobile Applications by performing

security audits based on the OWASP industry best practices.
Features of Mobile Seva AppStore
Hosting of In-House Get App
App based on Host Android
Testing gives Update
State, Category and iOS App at
Assurance of Facility via
and Platform single platform
Privacy code Integration
wise

Allowing only
Separate signed APK Closed Beta
Dashboard for files for release
developers assurance of available
Duplicity

A full fledge
Test Report is Release
being shared Management
with Developers available
for apps
69
mSeva AppStore- Figures to Mention
Mobile Applications
Modes to Access Apps
Store Apps
BHIM
BHIM
Bharat Interface for Money (BHIM) is a payment app that lets users make simple, easy and
quick transactions using Unified Payments Interface (UPI).

Users can make direct bank payments to anyone on UPI using their UPI ID or scanning their QR
with the BHIM app.
UMANG
UMANG
Unified Mobile Application for New-age Governance (UMANG) provides a single platform for all
Indian citizens to access pan India e-Gov services ranging from Central to Local Government
bodies and other citizen centric services
THANK YOU
Kapil Kant Kamal,
Joint Director, C-DAC Mumbai
kapil@[Link]
9833237956