SRM VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING

COLLEGE
(An Autonomous Institution)
SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur – 603 203

DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL ELECTRONICS

QUESTION BANK

V SEMESTER

1906509 – Analog and Digital Communication

Regulation – 2019

Academic Year 2022 – 23 (ODD Semester)

Prepared by

Mrs. V. Venmathi, Assistant Professor (OG) – Medical Electronics

 SRM VALLIAMMAI ENGNIEERING COLLEGE
(An Autonomous Institution)
SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur – 603 203.

UNIT I – ANALOG COMMUNICATION

Amplitude Modulation – AM, DSBSC, SSBSC, VSB –Angle modulation – PM and FM – Super
heterodyne receivers.
PART A

Q.No Questions BT Level Domain

1 Draw the major segments of electromagnetic spectrum and give
BTL 1 Remembering
their frequency ranges.
2 Analyse the concept of baseband and passband transmission. BTL 4 Analyse
3 Justify the need for modulation. BTL 4 Analyse
4 Express Modulation & Demodulation. BTL 2 Understanding
5 Define bandwidth efficiency. BTL 1 Remembering
6 A 400 W carrier is modulated to a depth of 75%. Calculate the total BTL 3 Apply
power in the modulated wave.
7 Identify the modulation index for an amplitude modulation. BTL 1 Remembering
8 If a 10V carrier is amplitude modulated by two different frequencies BTL 3 Apply
with amplitudes 2V & 3V respectively. Find the value of modulation
index.
9 Consider an AM signal 𝑥(𝑡) = 2 cos(2𝜋𝑓𝑐𝑡) +0.5 cos(2 𝜋𝑓𝑚𝑡) . BTL 3 Apply
cos(2𝜋𝑓𝑐𝑡). Compute the modulation index used to generate the
signal.
10 In an amplitude modulation system, the carrier frequency is 𝑓𝑐 = BTL 3 Apply
100𝐾𝐻𝑧.The maximum frequency of the signal is 5 KHz. Estimate the
lower & upperside bands and bandwidth of the AM signal.
11 Propose the spectrum of AM signal and explain. BTL 4 Analyse
12 Compare AM with DSBSC & SSBSC. BTL 4 Analyse
13 Summarize the advantages of SSBSC modulation. BTL 2 Understanding
14 Classify amplitude and angle modulation. BTL 4 Analyse
15 Express the bandwidth of the FM signal if the frequency sensitivity BTL 2 Understanding
of the modulator is 25 kHz per volt.
16 Show the AM & FM signals produced by a single tone signal. BTL 3 Apply
17 Draw the block diagram of FM signal generator that use phase
BTL 1 Remembering
modulator in it.
18 The maximum frequency deviation in an FM is 10KHz and the BTL 3 Apply
signal frequency is 10KHz. Estimate the bandwidth using Carson’s
rule and themodulation index.
19 Distinguish between FM & PM. BTL 4 Analyse
20 Memorize Carson’s rule. BTL 1 Remembering
21 Estimate modulation index in AM. BTL 2 Understanding
22 State the principle of Superheterodyne receiver. BTL 1 Remembering
23 Predict the frequency parameters of AM receiver. BTL 2 Understanding
24 What is double spotting? BTL 1 Remembering
 PART B

1 Define amplitude modulation and describe it in detail with suitable BTL 2 Understanding
diagrams. (13)
2 Illustrate the concept of coefficient modulation to model the BTL 2 Understanding
percent modulation an AM DSBFC envelope. (13)
3 Categorize the concept of AM power distribution with relevant BTL 4 Analyse
expressions. (13)
4 (i)Illustrate the AM voltage distribution with mathematical BTL 2 Understanding
equations andvoltage spectrum of AM DSBFC. (7) BTL 3 Apply
(ii)A 1000kHz carrier is simultaneously modulated with 300Hz,
800Hz and 2kHz audio sine waves. Select the frequencies present in
the output. (6)
5 Interpret the power distribution of AM DSBFC. (13) BTL 2 Understanding
6 Determine the following for DSBSC
(i) Bandwidth (2)
(ii) Time domain representation (5) BTL 1 Remembering
(iii) Frequency spectrum Waveform (3)
(iv) Advantages, Disadvantages and Applications (3)
7 (i)Examine the power conservation of single side band transmission. BTL 2 Understanding
(4) BTL 3 Apply
(ii)For a modulation coefficient 𝑚 = 0.2 and an unmodulated
carrier power 𝑃𝑐 = 1000𝑊, Examine the total sideband power, upper
& lower side band power, modulated carrier power and total
transmitted power. (9)
8 Sketch SSBSC and explain in detail. (13) BTL 1 Remembering
9 (i)Inspect the function of VSB. (7) BTL 4 Analyse
(ii)A 25MHz carrier is modulated by a 400Hz audio sine wave. If the BTL 3 Apply
carrier voltage is 4V and the maximum frequency deviation is
10kHz & phasedeviation is 25radians. Detect the equation of this
modulated wave for FM and PM. If the modulating frequency is now
changed to 2kHz, all else remainingconstant. Write a new equation for
FM & PM. (6)
10 (i)A 107.6MHz carrier signal is frequency modulated by a 7kHz sine BTL 3 Apply
wave. The resultant FM signal has a frequency deviation of 50kHz. BTL 2 Understanding
Find the carrierswing of the FM signal, the highest and the lowest
frequencies attained by themodulated signal, modulation index of the
FM wave. (7)
(ii)Identify the relationship between the instantaneous carrier
frequency and modulating signal for FM. (6)
11 (i)Discriminate the phasor diagram of wideband FM and explain BTL 4 Analyse
about thebandwidth of FM signal. (7)
(ii)Differentiate phase modulation and frequency modulation. (6)
12 Analyze the indirect method for generating wideband FM signal. (13) BTL 4 Analyse

13 State the principle of Angle Modulation. Derive phase

deviation, modulation index, frequency deviation and percent BTL 1 Remembering
modulation. (13)
14 (i)Predict the frequency analysis of angle modulated wave. (9) BTL 2 Understanding
(ii)Summarize the Bandwidth requirements for angle modulated
waves. (4)
15 Discuss the generation of DSB SC Waves. (13) BTL 2 Understanding
16 Explain the methods for generation of SSB modulated waves. (13) BTL 1 Remembering
 17 Point out the methods for generation and detection of VSB BTL 4 Analyse
modulated waves. (13)
PART C

1 (i)For an AM DSBFC transmitter with an unmodulated carrier BTL 3 Apply

power PC=100W that is modulated simultaneously by three
modulating signals withcoefficients of modulation m1 =0.2, m2 =
0.4 and m3=0.5. Determine total coefficient of modulation, USB,
LSB power and total transmitted power. (12)
(ii)Explain Carson’s rule to validate the bandwidth occupied by a
3kHz message signal frequency modulated with modulation index = 5.
(3)
2 (i)A 400W carrier is amplitude modulated to a depth of 100%. BTL 3 Apply
Calculate thetotal power in case of the AM and DSBSC techniques.
Formulate how much power saving in watts is achieved for
DSBSC? If the depth of modulation is changed to 75%, then how
much power in W is required for transmitting theDSBSC wave?
Invent the power required for DSBSC in both cases and comment
on the reason for change in the power levels. (7)
(ii)For an AM DSBFC wave with peak unmodulated carrier voltage
Vc=10V, a load resistance RL = 10 Ω and a modulation coefficient m
= 1.
a.Predict the Power of carrier, upper and lower side band and Total
power ofmodulate wave. (4)
b.Estimate the total sideband power and draw the power spectrum. (4)
3 D e s c r i b e the super heterodyne receiver block diagram and
BTL 1 Remembering
originate the working principle for the same. (15)
4 Compare the analog communication systems with appropriate BTL 2 Understanding
waveforms. (15)
5 (i)Discuss on Pilot Carrier SSB system with a neat block diagram. (7) BTL 2 Understanding
(ii) Compare AM techniques DSBSC, SSB and VSB. (8) BTL 4 Analyse

UNIT II – PULSE MODULATION

Low pass sampling theorem – Quantization – PAM – Line coding – PCM, DPCM, DM, and ADPCM and ADM.
PART A

Q.No Questions BT Level Domain

1 Differentiate pulse modulation and analog modulation. BTL 4 Analyse
2 Classify the main idea of low pass sampling theorem. BTL 4 Analyse
3 Express Nyquist sampling rate. BTL 2 Understanding
4 Define sampling. BTL 1 Remembering
5 What is quantization? BTL 1 Remembering
6 Assess the quantization range for the decimal value of 3 and 2. BTL 3 Apply
7 Quote quantization error. BTL 1 Remembering
8 Infer why PAM is needed. BTL 4 Analyse
9 Identify the concept of PCM line coding. BTL 4 Analyse
10 Summarise the advantages of PCM. BTL 2 Understanding
11 Classify the different methods of Pulse modulation techniques. BTL 2 Understanding
12 Define pulse time modulation. BTL 1 Remembering
13 How PPM is derived from PWM? BTL 2 Understanding
14 Examine the function of DPCM. BTL 2 Understanding
15 Outline the concept of delta modulation. BTL 1 Remembering
16 Compile the steep slope rapid change in slope overload distortion. BTL 3 Apply
17 Paraphrase the concept of ADPCM. BTL 2 Understanding
18 Predict the function of ADM. BTL 2 Understanding
19 A bandpass signal has the spectral range that extends from 20 kHz BTL 3 Apply
and 82 kHz. Find the acceptable range of sampling frequency.
20 Interpret aperture error. BTL 3 Apply
21 State the principle of Adaptive delta modulation BTL 1 Remembering
22 Find the SNR of PCM system if number of quantisation levels is 2 8. BTL 3 Apply
23 Difference between ADPCM and ADM. BTL 4 Analyse
24 A message has zero mean value and a peak value of 10 V. It is to be BTL 3 Apply
quantised using a step size of 0.1 V with one level coinciding to 0
V, Find number of bits required for encoding the quantised signal.
PART B

1 Describe low pass sampling theorem with appropriate diagrams. (13) BTL 1 Remembering
2 Illustrate quantization and the folded binary code with 3-bit PCM BTL 2 Understanding
code and necessary waveforms. (13)
3 Explain the following
(i) Dynamic range (11) BTL 1 Remembering
(ii) Coding efficiency (2)
4 Memorize the generation of PAM and its demodulation. (13) BTL 1 Remembering
5 (i)Interpret the advantages and disadvantages of digital transmission. BTL 2 Understanding
(9) BTL 3 Apply
(ii)Express Nyquist interval and aliasing. (4)
6 Explain in detail about Pulse Code Modulation with its neat block BTL 2 Understanding
diagram. (13)
7 (i)Categorize the function of PWM and PPM. (4) BTL 4 Analyse
(ii) Discriminate the input and output waveforms for the PWM, PPM
PAM and PCM. (9)
8 (i)Draw the sample and hold circuit used in PCM sampling. (3) BTL 2 Understanding
(ii)For the drawn sample and hold circuit estimate the largest value BTL 3 Apply
capacitor that can be used. Use and output impedance for Z1 of 10Ω,
an on resistance for Q1 of 10Ω, an acquisition time of 10µs, a
maximum peak-to-peak input voltage of 10V, a maximum output
current from Z1 of 10mA, and an accuracy of 1%. (10)
9 Classify the types of PCM sampling and conclude its operation BTL 4 Analyse
with appropriate diagrams. (13)
10 Draw the DPCM transmitter, receiver block diagram and explain it.
BTL 1 Remembering
(13)
11 Examine the Delta modulation transmitter and receiver operation BTL 2 Understanding
with neat block diagrams and its output waveforms. (13)
12 (i)Illustrate the function of ADPCM in detail with relevant diagrams. BTL 2 Understanding
(10)
(ii)Summarize the advantages of PWM. (3)
13 (i)Why flat top PAM is widely used? (4)
BTL 1 Remembering
(ii)Write the advantages, disadvantages and applications of PCM. (9)
14 Analyse PWM signal generator and detector also write the operation BTL 4 Analyse
for the same. (13)
15 Compare digital pulse modulation methods of PCM, DM, ADM and BTL 4 Analyse
DPCM. (13)
 16 (i) In a binary PCM system the output signal to quantization noise BTL 3 Apply
ratio isto be held to a minimum of 40dB. First calculate the number
of binary digits per word, necessary to meet this requirement and
then find the actualvalue of the output signal to quantization noise
ratio
(7)
For a PAM transmission of voice signal having maximum frequency
fm = 4kHz, calculate the transmission bandwidth. It is given that the
sampling frequency fs = 8kHz and the pulse duration τ = 0.1 Ts. (6)
17 A delta modulator system is designed to operate at five times the BTL 3 Apply
Nyquist rate for a signal with 3 kHz bandwidth. Determine the
maximum amplitude of a 2 kHz input sinusoid for which the delta
modulator does not have slope overload. Quantising step size is 250
mV. Dervive the formula that you use. (13)
PART C

1 Compare PAM, PWM, PPM and PCM in detail. (15) BTL 4 Analyse
2 State the principle of ADM. Draw the block diagram of ADM
BTL 1 Remembering
transmitter and receiver and explain with relevant expressions. (15)
3 Analog waveform information is with maximum frequency 𝑓𝑚 = BTL 3 Apply
3𝑘𝐻𝑧 is to be transmitted over an M-ary PAM system, where the
number of pulse levels M=16. The quantization distortions specified
not to exceed ± 1% of the peak to peak analog signal.
(i)Estimate the minimum number of bits per sample or bits per PCM
workthat should be used in digitizing the analog waveform. (4)
(ii)Deduct the minimum required sampling rate and what is the
resultingbit transmission rate. (4)
(iii)Compose the PAM pulse or symbol transmission rate. (4)
(iv) If the transmission bandwidth equals 12kHz. Evaluate the
bandwidthefficiency for this system. (3)
4 The information in an analog signal voltage waveform is to be BTL 3 Apply
transmitted over a PCM system with an accuracy of ± 0.1% (full
scale). The analog voltage waveform has a bandwidth of 100Hz and
an amplitude range of - 10 to +10V.
(i) Predict the maximum sampling rate required. (4)
(ii) Invent the number of bits in each PCM word. (4)
(iii) Generate the minimum bit required in the PCM signal. (4)
(iv)Design the minimum absolute channel bandwidth required for the
transmission of the PCM signal. (3)
5 Derive an expression for signal to quantisation noise power ration for BTL 2 Understanding
delta modulation. Assume that no slope overload distortion exists.

UNIT III – DIGITAL COMMUNICATION

Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) – Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)–Phase Shift Keying (PSK) – BPSK – QPSK –
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) – Bandwidth Efficiency– Comparison of various Digital
Communication System (ASK – FSK – PSK – QAM).
PART A

Q.No Questions BT Level Domain

1 E x pr es s the three most predominant modulation schemes BTL 2 Understanding
used in digital radio systems?
2 Compare analog modulation and digital modulation. BTL 4 Analyse
3 Identify the mathematical expression for ASK if the logic input BTL 4 Analyse
“0” and “1”.
4 What is OOK? BTL 1 Remembering
5 Illustrate the ASK signal for the given message signal 101101. BTL 3 Apply
6 Infer the concept of FSK. BTL 2 Understanding
7 Examine the relationship between bit rate and baud for a FSK BTL 4 Analyse
system.
8 Construct the digitally modulated waveforms for the binary BTL 3 Apply
data 110101 using ASK, FSK.
9 Identify the reason for FSK & PSK signals are preferred over ASK BTL 2 Understanding
signals.
10 Difference between ASK and FSK. BTL 4 Analyse
11 Write the advantages of PSK. BTL 1 Remembering
12 Express the BPSK waveform for the given 1011 data. BTL 2 Understanding
13 Given the input binary sequence 1100100010, contrast the BTL 3 Apply
waveforms of thein phase and quadrature components of a
modulated wave obtained by using QPSK.
14 Mention the advantage of QPSK. BTL 1 Remembering
15 Predict the 8 QAM phase output for the following data 001, 010. BTL 2 Understanding
16 Find the main idea of 2 – to – 4 level converter blocks in BTL 3 Apply
the 8 QAM modulator.
17 State bandwidth efficiency. BTL 1 Remembering
18 A binary frequency shift keying system employs two signalling BTL 3 Apply
frequencies f1 and f2. The lower frequency f1 is 1200 Hz and the
signalling rate is 500 baud. Calculate f2.
19 Estimate the encoding scheme and possible outputs for 16 QAM. BTL 3 Apply
20 Define 16 QAM system. BTL 1 Remembering
21 Sketch signal Constellation diagram for QPSK BTL 1 Remembering
22 Differentiate baseband transmission from passband transmission BTL 4 Analyse
23 Distinguish between coherent and non-coherent modulation BTL 2 Understanding
schemes
24 Point out the digital modulation technique which gives better error BTL 4 Analyse
probability.
PART B

1 (i)With neat diagrams illustrate the Amplitude Shift Keying. (7) BTL 2 Understanding
(ii)Compute the peak frequency deviation, minimum BTL 3 Apply
bandwidth, and baud for a binary FSK signal with a mark
frequency of 49kHz, a space frequency of 51kHz, and an input bit
rate of 2kbps. (6)
2 P o i n t ou t the concepts of FSK in the time domain with its BTL 4 Analyse
waveform and truth table. (13)
3 Explain the concepts of FSK with bit rate, baud and bandwidth. BTL 4 Analyse
(13)
4 (i)Examine the working of BFSK transmitter and receiver with
necessaryequations and block diagram. (5)
BTL 1 Remembering
(ii)Analyse the coherent and non-coherent detection of BFSK
receiver. (8)
5 Define BPSK and explain BPSK transmitter and receiver with
BTL 1 Remembering
relevant diagrams. (13)
6 (i)Show the truth table and draw the constellation diagram BTL 2 Understanding
for 8 PSKmodulator. (5)
 (ii)Write a short note on 8 PSK bandwidth considerations. (8)
7 For a BPSK modulator with a Carrier frequency of 70 MHz and BTL 2 Understanding
an input bitrate of 10 Mbps, BTL 3 Apply
(i)Predict the maximum and minimum upper and lower side
frequencies, draw the output spectrum. (7)
(ii)How would you summarize the minimum Nyquist
bandwidth, and calculate the baud rate (Assume f= 5MHz). (6)
8 Draw the QPSK transmitter block diagram and state the
BTL 1 Remembering
concepts in your own words with relevant expressions. (13)
9 S k et c h the QPSK receiver block diagram and explain each
block, BW considerations with relevant expressions and figures. BTL 1 Remembering
(13)
10 (i) Compare the Quadrature Phase Shift Keying and Binary BTL 4 Analyse
Phase Shift Keying. (6) BTL 3 Apply
(ii) If a digital message input data rate is 8kbps and average
energy per bit is 0.01 Unit. Infer the bandwidth required for
the transmission of message through BPSK, QPSK, BFSK & 16
PSK. (7)
11 Illustrate 8 PSK modulator and demodulator with the diagrams. BTL 2 Understanding
(13)
12 Classify the significance of QAM and describe the operation BTL 4 Analyse
of 8 QAM transmitter and receiver using block diagram and truth
table. (13)
13 (i) For a QPSK modulator with an input data rate equal to 12 BTL 3 Apply
Mbps and acarrier frequency of 100 MHz, estimate the following,
(a) Minimum double sided Nyquist bandwidth. (2)
(b) Baud rate (2)
(c) Sketch the output spectrum. (3)
(ii) Generate the first 8 bit code input and its respective phase for
the 16 PSK. (6)
14 D e s c r i b e the working of 16 QAM transmitter with a block
BTL 1 Remembering
diagram and necessary diagrams. (13)
15 Derive the expression of error probability of QAM system. (13) BTL 2 Understanding
16 Compare the performance of BPSK with that of BFSK. (13) BTL 4 Analyse
17 The bit stream 1011100011 is to be transmitted using DPSK. BTL 3 Apply
Determine the encoded sequence and transmitted phase sequence.
(13)
PART C

1 Enumerate the block diagram of digital communication systems in

BTL 1 Remembering
detail. (15)
2 (i)Summarize about analog modulation and digital modulation. (5) BTL 2 Understanding
(ii)Explain the block of digital radio system. (10)
3 (i)A data bit sequence consists of the following string of bits BTL 3 Apply
10 11 10 10. Evaluate and draw the nature of waveform
transmitted by BPSK transmitter. (8)
(ii)For an 8 PSK modulator with an input data rate equal to 10
Mbps & a carrier frequency of 70 MHz, measure minimum
double sided Nyquist bw, Baud rate, Sketch the output spectrum.
Judge the results with BPSK & QPSK modulators. (7)
4 (i)Compose the expression for the output of linear summer of BTL 3 Apply
an 8 QAM transmitter, as a table for all possible tribit input
combinations. (8)
 (ii)For a quad bit input I, Iʹ,Q & Qʹ, formulate the amplitude
and phase for 16 QAM modulator. (7)
5 Discriminate the block diagram of QPSK transmitter and receiver BTL 4 Analyse
with relevant expressions/waveforms. Analyse the pros and cons
of the system. (15)

UNIT IV – SOURCE AND ERROR CONTROL CODING

Entropy, Source encoding theorem, Shannon fano coding, Huffman coding, mutual information, channel capacity,
Error Control Coding, linear block codes, cyclic codes.
PART A

Q.No Questions BT Level Domain

1 State entropy. BTL 1 Remembering
2 Interpret the entropy of the system for an event that has six BTL 3 Apply
possible outcomes with probabilities 1/2,1/4,1/8,1/16,1/32?
3 Mention the properties of entropy. BTL 1 Remembering
4 Define prefix coding. BTL 1 Remembering
5 Compute the expression for Kraft-McMillan Inequality. BTL 3 Apply
6 Examine the main idea of code efficiency. BTL 4 Analyse
7 Express the concept of discrete messages. BTL 2 Understanding
8 Infer mutual information. BTL 2 Understanding
9 Label the properties of mutual information. BTL 1 Remembering
10 Interpret the channel capacity of a discrete memory less BTL 3 Apply
channel.
11 Write in your own words about the Shannon’s theorem on
BTL 1 Remembering
information capacity of a channel.
12 Predict Ci & Cj are two code vectors in the (n,k) linear block BTL 3 Apply
code, then their sum also a code vector with an example.
13 Paraphrase linear block codes. BTL 2 Understanding
14 What is meant by syndrome of a linear block code? BTL 2 Understanding
15 Identify the main idea of Information rate. BTL 2 Understanding
16 Estimate the properties of syndrome. BTL 2 Understanding
17 List out the properties of cyclic codes. BTL 1 Remembering
18 Find the generator and parity check matrix of (7,4) hamming BTL 3 Apply
code.
19 Compile the difference between cyclic codes and linear codes. BTL 4 Analyse
20 Find the hamming distance between the following code BTL 3 Apply
words C1= {1000111} and C2 = {0001011}.
21 Point out how minimum distance of hamming code is calculated. BTL 4 Analyse
22 How syndrome is calculated in Hamming codes and cyclic codes BTL 4 Analyse
23 Compare systematic and non-systematic codes BTL 4 Analyse
24 Analyse the relation between coding gain and code rate. BTL 4 Analyse
PART B

1 List the Entropy techniques and its properties in detail. (13) BTL 1 Remembering
2 Consider a discrete memoryless source with source alphabets S BTL 3 Apply
= S0, S1, S2 and their probabilities P0 = 1/4, P1 = 1/4, P2 =1/4.
Estimate the entropyof the source H(X) & H(X2). Also prove
that the entropy of the extended source is equal to n times H(X)
i.e., H(X2) = 2*H(X). (13)
3 (i)Examine Mutual information and its properties in detail. (7)
BTL 1 Remembering
(ii)Inspect the concept of source coding theorem. (6)
4 A source generates five messages m0,m1,m2,m3 and m4 with BTL 2 Understanding
probabilities 0.55,0.15,0.15,0.10 and 0.05 respectively. The
successive messages emitted by the source are statistically
independent. Determine the code words for the messages and
efficiency using Shannon Fano Algorithm. (13)
5 Five source messages are probable to appear as m1=0.4, BTL 2 Understanding
m2=0.15, m3=0.15, m4=0.15and m5=0.15. Find coding
efficiency for Shannon Fanocoding and Huffman coding. (13)
6 (i)Calculate the Huffman code for a discrete memoryless source BTL 3 Apply
with probability statistics {0.1,0.1,0.2,0.2,0.4}. (9) BTL 4 Analyse
(ii)Identify the drawbacks of Huffman coding. (4)
7 Express the expression for channel capacity of a continuous BTL 2 Understanding
channel. Comment on the trade-off between SNR and capacity.
(13)
8 Consider a systematic block code whose parity check equation BTL 3 Apply
are P1=m1+m2+m4, P2=m1+m3+m4, P3=m1+m2+m3,
P4=m2+m3+m4 Where mi is the message digits and Pi are the
parity digits.
(i)Construct the generator matrix and parity check matrix for this
code. (7)
(ii)Show how many errors can be detected and corrected? If the
received code word is 10101010, find the syndrome. (6)
9 The parity check matrix of a particular (7,4) linear block BTL 3 Apply
code is givenby
1 1 1 0 1 0 0
[𝐻] = [1 1 0 1 0 1 0]
1 0 1 1 0 0 1
(i)Observe the Generator matrix and list all the code vectors. (8)
(ii) Predict the minimum distance between code and vector. (5)
10 (i) Inspect a syndrome calculator for a (7,4) cyclic code BTL 3 Apply
generated by the polynomial G(x) = X3 + X + 1. Test the
syndrome for the received vector 1001101. (7)
(ii) Inquire a cyclic encoder for the same (7,4) cyclic code and
obtain the code vector for the message vector 1100. (6)
11 Sketch and describe the generalized
(i)(n,k) cyclic encoder to choose an encoding procedure for an
(n,k) cyclic code in systematic form. (7) BTL 1 Remembering
(ii)Syndrome calculator and properties of syndrome polynomial.
(6)
12 A discrete memoryless source S with 5 symbols S1,S2,S3,S4,S5, BTL 2 Understanding
construct a Huffman and also calculate its efficiency if the
probability distribution is given as P(S1)=0.4; P(S2)=0.2;
P(S3)=0.2; P(S4)=0.1; P(S5)=0.1. (13)
13 Summarize the concepts of linear block codes. (13) BTL 2 Understanding
14 Identify the need for coding and examine the types of error BTL 4 Analyse
correction. (13)
15 Draw the diagram of 0.5 rate convolutional encoder with BTL 4 Analyse
generator polynomial g1(D) = 1 + D, g2(D) = 1 + D + D2. And
analyse the encoder output. (13)
16 Model a syndrome calculator for a (7,4) cyclic Hamming code BTL 4 Analyse
generated by the polynomial G(p) = p3 + p + 1. Calculate the
syndrome for Y = (1 0 0 1 1 0 1). (13)
 17 With a neat sketch, explain the generalised block diagram of
BTL 1 Remembering
decoder for cyclic codes. (13)
PART C

1 The source of information A generates the symbols {A0, A1, A2,

A3 & A4} with the corresponding probabilities {0.4, 0.3, 0.15,
0.1 and 0.05}. Encoding the source symbols using binary BTL 4 Analyse
encoder and Shannon-Fano encoder and compare its efficiency.
(15)
2 Elaborate the Shannon’s second theorem of channel coding BTL 2 Understanding
theorem. (15)
3 For the given discrete memoryless source has an alphabet of seven BTL 3 Apply
symbols S1,S2,S3,S4,S5 and its respective probabilities of
occurrence are 0.25, 0.25,0.125, 0.125, 0.125, 0.0625 and 0.0625.
Determine Shannon Fano code and Huffman code. Estimate ƞ for
the above mentioned. (15)
4 Enumerate the steps involved for finding the resultant of Shannon
Fano code and Huffman code with a suitable example problem. BTL 1 Remembering
(15)
5 For a systematic linear block code, the three parity check digits, BTL 3 Apply
c4, c5 and c6 are given by c4 = d1+d2+d3, c5 = d1 + d2, c6 = d1+d3
(i) Construct Generator matrix. (2)
(ii) Construct code generated by this matrix. (3)
(iii) Determine error correcting capability. (2)
(iv) Prepare a suitable decoding table. (4)
(v) Decode the received words 101100 and 000110. (4)

UNIT V – MULTI-USER RADIO COMMUNICATION

Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) - Cellular Concept and Frequency Reuse - Channel Assignment
and Handover Techniques - Overview of Multiple Access Schemes.
PART A

Q.No Questions BT Level Domain

1 Mention the types of handovers carried out in GSM. BTL 1 Remembering
2 In the AMPS system, the system bandwidth is 12.5 MHz, the BTL 3 Apply
channel spacing is 30 kHz, and the edge guard spacing is 10 kHz.
The number of channels allocated for control signalling is 21. Find
the number of channels available for message transmission.
3 Find the number of channels per cluster for a cellular telephone BTL 3 Apply
area comprised of 10 clusters with seven cells in each cluster and
10 channels in each cell.
4 Express the concept of network subsystem. BTL 2 Understanding
5 Infer the need of guard bands in FDMA. BTL 4 Analyse
6 Distinguish the advantages 2G over 1G. BTL 4 Analyse
7 List the importance of cellular concept. BTL 1 Remembering
8 Compute the expression for system capacity using frequency BTL 3 Apply
reuse.
9 Label the advantages of frequency reuse concept. BTL 1 Remembering
10 Paraphrase the term frequency reuse factor in a cellular BTL 2 Understanding
communication system.
11 Determine the formula for spectral efficiency of FDMA. BTL 3 Apply
12 Outline footprint in cellular systems. BTL 2 Understanding
13 P o i n t o u t t h e p r o s why hexagons are employed to model BTL 4 Analyse
coverage areas of mobile communication?
14 Interpret the concept of Handoff. BTL 2 Understanding
15 Classify the types of channel assignment. BTL 4 Analyse
16 Estimate the methods used for handoffs. BTL 2 Understanding
17 Analyse the concept of channel assignment. BTL 4 Analyse
18 List the applications of multiple access methods. BTL 1 Remembering
19 Examine the need of guard bands in multiple access methods. BTL 4 Analyse
20 Formulate the expression for number of channels used in FDMA BTL 3 Apply
system.
21 Find the number of cells in a cluster when j = 2 and i =3. BTL 3 Apply
22 What do you mean by Frequency Division Multiplexing BTL 1 Remembering
23 Define Multiplexing. BTL 1 Remembering
24 Compare TDMA and CDMA. BTL 4 Analyse
PART B

1 (i)Describe in detail about the GSM. (5)

BTL 1 Remembering
(ii)Write the concepts of GSM services and features. (8)
2 Consider a cellular system with a total bandwidth of 30 MHz BTL 3 Apply
which uses two 25 kHz simplex channel to provide full duplex
voice and control channels. Assuming that the system uses a nine-
cell reuse pattern and 1 MHz of the total bandwidth is allocated for
control channels.
(i) Calculate the total available channels. (5)
(ii) Determine the number of control channels. (4)
(iii) Determine the number of voice channels per cell. (4)
3 D i s c u s s the following GSM radio subsystem with the BTL 2 Understanding
help of Speech dedicated Control Channel Frame and multiframe
structure. (13)
4 (i)What are the types of GSM channel? (3)
BTL 1 Remembering
(ii) Write short notes on Half-Rate TCH and Full-Rate TCH. (10)
5 (i)Express the main idea of GSM Control Channel. (4) BTL 2 Understanding
(ii)Summarize the main concepts behind the Broadcast channel
of GSMControl channels. (9)
6 Examine the frame structure for GSM with necessary diagrams.(13) BTL 2 Understanding
7 Memorize in detail about the signal processing in GSM. (13) BTL 1 Remembering
8 Paraphrase the Cellular concept in detail. (13) BTL 2 Understanding
9 (i)Prioritize the need of frequency reuse in cellular concept? (2) BTL 4 Analyse
(ii)List the features of frequency reuse. (11)
10 Analyse the channel assignment strategies in detail. (13) BTL 4 Analyse
11 Consider a cellular system in which there are a total of 1001 radio BTL 3 Apply
channels available for handling traffic. Suppose the area of a cell
is 6 km2 and area of the entire system is 2100 km2 .
(i) Calculate the system capacity if the cluster size is 7.
(3)
(ii) How many times would the cluster size 4 have to be
replicated in order to approximately cover the entire
cellular area. (3)
(iii) Calculate the system capacity if the cluster size is 4.
(3)
 (iv) Does decreasing the cluster size increase the system
capacity. (4)
12 Examine and inspect the Co-channel interference and system BTL 4 Analyse
capacity. (13)
13 If a normal GSM time slot consists of 6 trailing bits, 8.25 guard BTL 3 Apply
bits, 26 training bits and two traffic bursts of 58 bits of data. Find
the frame efficiency. (13)
14 Explain the working principle of the following BTL 4 Analyse
(i)Multiplexing with block diagram. (4)
(ii)Multiple access schemes with block diagram. (9)
15 Enumerate the following GSM Control channels
(i)Common Control Channel (7) BTL 1 Remembering
(ii)Dedicated Control Channel (6)
16 With a neat sketch, write short notes on
(i) FDMA (7) BTL 1 Remembering
(ii) TDMA (6)
17 Find the method of locating co-channel cells in a cellular system BTL 3 Apply
with necessary diagram and equations. (13)
PART C

1 (i) If GSM uses a frame structure where each frame consists of BTL 3 Apply
S time slots, and each time slot contains 156.25 bits, and data is
transmitted at 270.833 kbps in the channel, find
(a) time duration of a bit
(b) time duration of a slot
(c) time duration of a frame
(d) how long must a user occupying a single time slot must wait
between twosimultaneous transmissions. (7)
(ii) If a normal GSM time slot consists of 6 trailing bits, 8.25
guard bits, 26training bits, and 2 traffic bursts of 58 bits of
data, find the frame efficiency. (8)
2 Analyse co channel interference and adjacent channel interference BTL 4 Analyse
in mobile communication. (15)
3 (i) If a total of 33 MHz of bandwidth is allocated to a particular BTL 3 Apply
FDD cellulartelephone system which uses two 25 kHz simplex
channels to provide full duplex voice and control channels,
compute the number of channels available per cell if a system
uses
(a) 4-cell reuse
(b) 7-cell reuse
(c) 12-cell reuse
If 1 MHz of the allocated spectrum is dedicated to control
channels, determinean equitable distribution of control channels
and voice channels in each cell for each of the three systems. (7)
(ii) If a signal to interference ratio of 15 dB is required for
satisfactory forwardchannel performance of a cellular system,
what is the frequency reuse factor and cluster size that should be
used for maximum capacity if the path loss exponent is
(a) n = 4
(b) n= 3.
Assume that there are 6 co-channels cells in the first tier, and all of
them are at the same distance from the mobile. Use suitable
approximations. (8)
4 Compile the multiple access schemes used in communication BTL 2 Understanding
with appropriate diagrams. (15)
5 Sketch the architecture and frame structure of GSM and discuss
BTL 1 Remembering
the salient features and applications of GSM. (15)