Transportation

1) The intersection illustration is given below. Trucks make up 3% of traffic approaching the west
approach. There are 26 parking maneuvers per hour. There are no buses or pedestrians.

Assuming the headways for base saturation flow is 3 seconds, then what is the saturation flow at
the East approach?

A) 1020 pcphpl
B) 1025 pcphpl
C) 1029 pcphpl
D) 1033 pcphpl

Solution: The base saturation flow = S0 = 1750 pc/h/ln

Now, The Saturation Flow, S = S0 fw fHVg fp fbb fa fLU fLT fRT fLpb fRpb fwz fms fsp

fw = 1.04 (Highway Capacity Manual, Chapter 19, Page 19-20)

2 2
100−0.78 PHV −0.31 P g 100−0.78 x 3−0.31 ( 2 )
fHVg = = = 0.96
100 100

N −0.1−18 Nm /3600 1−0.1−18 x 26/3600

Now, fp = = = 0.77
N 1

N −14.4 Nb/3600 1−14.4 x 0/3600

fbb = = = 1.0
N 1

fa = 0.90
 Vg (670+129)
fLU = = = 1.00
Vg x N (670+129) x 1

fLT = 1.00 since there is now left turn at this approach

1 1
fRT = = = 0.85
ER 1.18

fLpb = fRpb = 1.00 (No pedestrians)

So, S = S0 fw fHVg fp fbb fa fLU fLT fRT fLpb fRpb fwz fms fsp

 1750 x 1.04 x 0.96 x 0.77 x 1.0 x 0.90 x 1.0 x 0.85 x 1.0 x 1.0 x 1.0 x 1.0 x 1.0 x 1.0
 1029 pcphpl

Answer: C) 1029 pcphpl

As per Highway Capacity Manual (Chapter 19)

2) The westbound of an isolated intersection with a pre-timed signal has:

A saturation flow rate (for two lanes) equal to 3950 veh/hr

A saturation v/c ratio = 0.85
Effective green = 23 sec

The cycle length = 68 sec and the Control delay is measured over 20 minutes interval. If there is
no queue present at the beginning of the analysis, then what is the LOS?

A) LOS A
B) LOS B
C) LOS C
D) LOS D

Solution: Level of service is defined in terms of control delay.

Control delay = d = d1 + d2 + d3

Here, X = v/c = 0.85

And, g/C = 23/68 = 0.34

PF =1.0 (Isolated)

( )
2
g 2
0.5 C 1− 0.5 x 68 ( 1−0.34 )
Now, d1 = C = = 19.92 sec
1−( 0.85 ) x (0.34)
1−[min ( 1 , X ) x g/c ]

Since the intersection is isolated, PF =1.0

√
So, d2 = 900 T [(X-1) + ( X−1 ) +
2 8 kIX
cT
¿

I= 1.00, and K = 0.5 (Pretimed Signal)

Capacity, c = (g/C) x s = 0.34 x 3950 = 1343 veh/hr

√
So, d2 = 900 T [(X-1) + ( X−1 ) +
2 8 kIX
cT
¿

√
 900 x (0.33) x [(0.85 – 1) + ( 0.85−1 ) +
2 8 x 0.5 x 1 x 0.85
1343 x 0.33
= 7.04 sec

d3 = 0, since there is no initial queue

So, Control delay = d = 19.92 + 7.04 + 0 = 26.96 sec

From the Exhibit of 19-8 of Highway Capacity Manual (Chapter 19), the LOS C

Answer: C) LOS C

As per Highway Capacity Manual (Chapter 19)

3) A two-lane highway with a cross section is given below. The data of this highway is given
below:

Design Speed = 60 mph

ADT = 4200

Now, the government has decided to update the road where the updated data is provided below:

Design speed = 65 mph

ADT = 5000

What will be changes in the updated road in total span for the updated condition?

A) New 6 ft will be constructed

B) 4 ft will be destructed
C) New 4 ft will be constructed
D) 6 ft will be destructed

Solution: For the previous condition road,

Design Speed = 60 mph

ADT = 4200

On the right side of the road: For Design speed 60 mph and ADT 4200, the Clear Zone can be
determined from Table 3-1 of AASTHO Roadside Design Guide.

The Clear Zone for right side = 30 ft

On the left side of the road: For Design speed 60 mph and ADT 4200, the Clear Zone can be
determined from Table 3-1 of AASTHO Roadside Design Guide.
The Clear Zone for the left side = 40 ft

So, total span to span = 30 + 10 + 10 + 40 = 90 ft

Now, for the updated condition:

Design Speed = 65 mph

ADT = 5000

On the right side of the road: For Design speed 65 mph and ADT 5000:

The Clear Zone for the left side = 32 ft

On the left side of the road: For Design speed 65 mph and ADT 5000:

The Clear Zone for the left side = 42 ft

So, total span to span = 32 + 10 + 10 + 42 = 94 ft

So, in the updated road (94-90) ft = 4 ft will be constructed.

Answer: C) New 4 ft will be constructed

As per AASTHO Roadside Design Guide, Chapter 3

4) A horizontal curve has its PI located in a lake and its hard to access (Sketch below). The following
information can be found:

The PC Station= 69+12

The length of the chord from A to B= 630.50 feet

What is the value of the PT Station?

A. 78+38.85
B. 79+49.56
C. 80+42.16
D. 81+38.85

Solution: Oblique Triangles:

AB BC CA
From the Law of Sines: = =
sinC sinA sinB
First, Find the angle= Δ= a+b; where, a= 35°21’ and b=32°44’, So, Δ= a+b = 35°21’+ 32°44’=
68°5’ = 68.08°

So, c= 180°- 68.08° = 111.92°

630.50 ’ X
By using the law of sines, Distance from A to PI = =
sinc sinb

630.50 ’ sinb 630.50 ’ sin 32.73 °

Therefore, X= = = 367.46 ft
sinc sin 111.92°

Calculate the PC to PI which is the tangent of the Horizontal Curve= T = (7212) - (6912)
+367.46 = 697.46 ft

Δ
We know, T = Tangent length = R X tan ( )
2

697.46
R= 68.08 ° = 1032.50 ft; where R= Radius of circular curve
tan( )
2

R Δπ 1032.50 X 68.08° X 3.1416

Length of the Curve L= L= = L= = 1226.85 ft
180 180
PT Station can be calculated by adding the length of the curve with the PC Station.

So, PT = PC + L = 6912 + 1226.85 = 8138.85 = 81+38.85

Answer: D) 81+38.85

As per Civil PE Handbook Page 272 and 273

5) A 150-ft R/W highway with 1200 ft proposed minimum centerline curvature is being located through
a highway with trees. A Tree stands 89 ft from the P-line and 271 ft from the PI of the tangents
where the intersection angle is 141°. The longest radius of the curve is also calculated as 1289 ft.

If the roadway section consists of 16 feet median and two 13 feet wide lanes in each direction,
What is the stopping sight distance?

A) 685.27 ft
B) 689.23 ft
C) 691.22 ft
D) 694.35 ft

Solution:
Here, the longest radius of the curve is R=1289 ft. The longest curve is calculated joining the
tangents such that the tree will not encroach the R/W road.

And if the roadway section consists of 16 feet median and two 13 feet wide lanes in each direction,
we can find:

From the above, we can measure the Horizontal Sight Line Offset (HSO)

HSO= 75 - (8+13+6.5) ft = 47.5 ft

75
and Adjusted R= 1289 – ( ) = 1251.5 ft
2

28.65 S
We know, HSO = R [1- cos ( )]
R
Rearranging,

S=
R
28.65
(cos-1 (1−
HSO
R
)= S=
1251.5
28.65 (
(cos-1 1−
47.5
1251.5 )
= 691.22 ft
 Answer: C) 691.22 ft

As per AASTHO Green Book Page 3-4 and Page 3-115

Construction

6) The rigging shown will be used to lift a 72-kip load. The center of gravity of the load is 38 ft
from the left end.

What is the ratio of forces (kips) of Sling B to Sling A?

A) 0.45
 B) 0.48
C) 0.50
D) 0.52

Solution: The center of gravity of the load is offset. The load is therefore heavier on the left side
of the rigging.

The portion of the 72-kip load on the left side is: (38 ft/56 ft) x (72 kips) = 48.85 kips

The load is further amplified by the slope pf the sling.

The vector length of Sling A = √ ( 67 )2 + ( 18 )2 = 69.38 ft

The force in the sling A is = (69.38)/(67) x (48.85) = 50.58 kips

The portion of the 72-kip load on the right side is: (18 ft/56 ft) x (72 kips) = 23.15 kips

The vector length of Sling B = √ ( 67 )2 + ( 38 )2 = 76.78 ft

The force in the sling B is = (76.78)/(67) x (23.15) = 26.53 kips

The ratio of the forces of two Slings = 26.53/50.58 = 0.52

Answer: C) 0.52

As per NCEES PE Civil Handbook, Chapter-2: Construction

7) An engineer gave a field log to the company for a boring done with SPT sampler with the
following information:

Depth (ft) 1st Blows (6’’) 2nd Blows 3rd Blows (6”) Description
(6”)
0 6 8 11 Fill – Gravel
(dry)
5 4 6 9 Fill -Sand &
Gravel (moist)
10 5 9 9 Silt (Wet)
15 9 11 12 Clayey Silt
(Moist)
20 8 12 15 Clayey Silt

25 11 15 17 Sandy Silt (Wet)

– (3’’ orange
layer)
30 16 19 22 Sand
35 15 20 17 Sand
40 19 22 20 Sand
45 20 20 19 Sand
50 16 29 Refusal 100/6’’ No Recovery
What range of relative density the engineer might expect for the sand at the depth of 35 feet?

A) 50%-60%
B) 60%-70%
C) 85%-90%
D) 70%-80%

Solution: It is necessary to determine an appropriate range of effective stresses for the given
depth. Here the soil is not wet enough of an indicator of where the water table occurs. The
orange layer is the indicator of oxidation which is a result of fluctuation of the water table. It is
most likely that the water table occurs at a depth of 25 feet.

Now, the likely range can be calculated using relatively high and low values for unit weight and
the ground water table at the depth of 25 feet to calculate a range of effective stresses.

100 pcf x 25 ft +(100 pcf -62.4 pcf) x 25 ft = 3440 psf = 3.44 ksf
And,

120 pcf x 25 ft + (120 pcf – 62.4 pcf) x 25 ft = 4440 psf = 4.44 ksf

Now, with the values of effective overburden stress and the SPT of 37 blows per foot (Sum of
2nd and 3rd blow counts of 20 and 17 at 35 feet).

Now, from the chart of Correlation Between Relative Density and SPT Resistance, the range
can be found:

(Chart Reference – NCEES PE Civil Refernce Hand Book, Chapter -3: Geotechnical, Page
126)
From the chart, for 3.44 ksf and 4.44 ksf, and the SPT of 37 blows, the range can be found as 70%-
80%

Answer: D) 70%-80%

As per NCEES PE Civil Refernce Hand Book, Chapter -3: Geotechnical

8) An activity and relationship table is given below for the network diagram.

Activity Successor Duration (Days) Workers per day

A E 3 3
B C 2 4
C D,E,F 2 7
D G 1 5
E H 2 5
F G 3 3
G Finish 2 4
H Finish 1 2

On which workday is the number of workers at its maximum?

 A) Workday 3
B) Workday 6 and 9
C) Workday 5
D) Workday 2 and 4

Solution: Here, the number of paths and the critical path:

AEF = 3 + 2 + 3 = 8

BCEH = 2 + 2 + 2 + 1 = 7

BCFG = 2 + 2 + 3 + 2 = 9

BCDG = 2 + 2 + 1 + 2 = 7

Here, BCFG is the highest and it is the critical path.

Now, Extend the activity table to determine the number of workers needed per day. Worker
usage can be accumulated and presented in the table below:

Workers Needed per Workday

Activity Workday
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
A 3 3 3
B 4 4 Critical
C 7 7 Critical
D 5
E 5 5
F 3 3 3 Critical
G 4 4 Critical
H 2
Total 7 7 10 7 13 8 3 4 6

Here, in the workday 5, the maximum number of workers needed. Here 13 workers needed in the
workday 5.

Answer: C) Workday 5

As per NCEES Civil PE Handbook, Chapter 2: Construction

9) A roadway has a posted speed limit of 35 mph and a lane width of 12 feet. After some time, the
speed limit is increased to 55 mph while maintaining the same lane width.

According to the MUTCD, how will the minimum shifting taper length change under the new
conditions?

A) 180.5 ft
B) 207.5 ft
C) 257.5 ft
D) 310.5 ft

Solution: Here, for the speed limit= 35 mph

From the MUTCD, Part 6, Table 6C-4,

For the posted speed limit = 35 mph,

2
WS
The taper length, L =
60

Now, for the posted speed limit of 35 mph and lane width of 12 feet,
 2
WS
The taper length = L =
60

( 12 ) x (35)2
 L= = 245 ft
60

As it is the shifting taper,

So, from the MUTCD, Part 6, Table 6C-3,

For the shifting taper, the Taper length is at least 0.5L.

So, the Taper length = 0.5 x 245 ft = 122.5 ft

Now, the speed limit increased to 55 mph,

The taper length, L = WS

For the posted speed limit of 55 mph and lane width of 12 feet,

The taper length, L = WS

 L = 12 x 55 = 660 ft

For the shifting taper, the Taper length is at least 0.5L.

So, the Taper length = 0.5 x 660 ft = 330 ft

So, the changes in the shifting taper length = 330 – 122.5 = 207.5 ft

Answer: B) 207.5 ft

As per Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways- Part 6
10) A road construction project has the following project schedule:

Activity Duration Preceded By

A 2 None
B 3 A
C 2 A
D 3 B
E 4 C
F 2 D
G 1 B
H 3 D
I 2 C

Which of the following Gantt Chart is correct for the project schedule?
Solution: Here from the table, the analysis can be done:

The activity A: Duration 2 and Preceded by None

The activity B: Duration 3 and Preceded by A, so it will be after the end of A and duration will be 3

The activity C: Duration 2 and Preceded by A, so it will be after the end of A and duration will be 2

The activity D: Duration 3 and Preceded by B, so it will be after the end of B and duration will be 3

The activity E: Duration 4 and Preceded by C, so it will be after the end of C and duration will be 4

The activity F: Duration 2 and Preceded by D, so it will be after the end of D and duration will be 2

The activity G: Duration 1 and Preceded by B, so it will be after the end of B and duration will be 1

The activity H: Duration 3 and Preceded by D, so it will be after the end of D and duration will be 3
 The activity I: Duration 2 and Preceded by C, so it will be after the end of C and duration will be 1

So, from the above analysis, the Gantt Chart matches with Gantt Chart A.

Answer: A

As per NCEES PE Civil Handbook, Chapter 2: Construction

Structural

11) For the formwork (A) shown the live load is 60 lb/ft2. Joints are single span simply supported.
Stringers are two-span continuous beams (must consider continuity).
And for the formwork (B) shown the live load is 65 lb/ft 2. Joints are single span simply supported.
Stringers are two-span continuous beams (must consider continuity).
 (A)

(B)

Neglecting the weight of formwork, what is the difference of loads (lb) on Shore B 2 between two
frameworks?

A)805 lb
B) 843 lb
C) 862 lb
D)895 lb

Solution: Here, for the Framework (A):

¿
Dead Load = 6∈ 12∈¿ ft ¿ x 150 lb/ft2 = 75 lb/ft2
Live Load = 60 lb/ft2
Total Load = 75 lb/ft2 + 60 lb/ft2 = 135 lb/ft2
Load on two-span continuous stringer, W = (135 lb/ft2) x (4 ft) = 540 lb/ft
So, Reaction at B2, RFramework1 = 1.25 WL = 1.25 x (540 lb/ft x 6 ft) = 4050 lb

Now, for the Framework (B):

¿
Dead Load = 5∈ 12∈¿ ft ¿ x 150 lb/ft2 = 62.5 lb/ft2
Live Load = 65 lb/ft2
Total Load = 62.5 lb/ft2 + 65 lb/ft2 = 127.5 lb/ft2
Load on two-span continuous stringer, W = (127.5 lb/ft2) x (4 ft) = 510 lb/ft

Reaction at B2, RFramework2 = 1.25 WL = 1.25 x (510 lb/ft x 5 ft) = 3188 lb

The difference between the loads = 4050 lb – 3188 lb = 862 lb

 Answer: C) 862 lb

As per ACI 318, Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary, Chapter
6

12) A crane is caring a crate weighing 1200 pounds. It is held by four cables attached to the corners.
The attachment point is located directly above the center of the load. The engineer has the
responsibility to inspect the right loads of the cables.
 After the first lift, the engineer wants to increase the load from 1200 lb to 1400 lb and the
attachment point point from 7 ft to 8 ft. But he has to follow the restriction of not increasing the
tension in each cable (lb). Based on this situation, what is the vertical component in each cable?

A) 256.26 lb
B) 275.45 lb
C) 310.30 lb
D) 325.75 lb

Solution: Here, the problem is 3 dimensional with a X, Y, and Z coordinate.

Now, the pickup point is half of 18 ft and that the pickup point is half of 5 ft in width too.

So, L = √ ( 9 )2 + ( 2.5 )2 + ( 7 )2

 L = 11.67 ft

Now, the vertical component in each cable Fy

Fy = F x (7/11.67) = 0.599F

Now, the sum of forces in the y direction=

4Fy – 1200 = 0

 4Fy = 1200

 4 x (0.599F) = 1200

 F = 300/0.599

 F = 500.83 lbs
 Now, the attachment point point from 7 ft to 8 ft

So, L = √ ( 9 )2 + ( 2.5 )2 + ( 8 )2

 L = 12.30 ft

Now, the vertical component in each cable Fy

Fy = F x (8/12.30) = 0.650F

As, there is a restriction of not increasing the tension in each cable (lb) =

So, the tension in each cable (lb) = F = 500.83 lbs

Thus, Fy = 0.605 x 500.83 = 325.75 lbs

Answer: D) 325.75 lbs

As per NCEES PE Civil Engineering Handbook, Chapter 2: Construction

13) A normal-weight concrete deadman anchor, measuring 3 ft by 3 ft by 3 ft, is used to support a

diagonal brace for formwork. The anchor is restrained from sliding, and the brace carries a
compressive load of 1400 lbf. The brace connects to a center-pin clevis positioned 9 inches
above the block. This clevis is 15 ft from the formwork face and is attached to a wale located
19 ft above the center pin.

After some time, a person has changed the location of celvis. As per the new location, the
celvis is now 18 ft from the formwork face and is attached to a wale located 22 ft above the
center pin. If it is required to keep the same factor of safety for both cases, then what will be
the new compressive load?

A) 1296 lb
B) 1371 lb
C) 1456 lb
D) 1520 lb
Solution: For the previous location of celvis:

Here, the weight of the deadman anchor using normal weight concrete, which is the standard
measure of 150 lb/ft3.

Now, Weight = 150 x 3 x 3 x 3 = 4050 lb

Here, the diagonal load is used to determine the force found in both the horizontal and vertical
components.

From the following figure, it is seen that the brace geometry forms a 3-4-5 triangle.

From the triangle, the hypotenuse = √ ( 19 )2 + ( 15 )2 = 24.20

15
Now, Fh = 1400 x ( ¿ = 867.77 lb
24.20

19
And, Fv = 1400 x ( ¿ = 1099.17 lb
24.20

Resistingmoments
Factor of Safety =
overturning moments

4050 x ( 1.5 ft ) +1099.17 x (1.5 ft )


867.77 x (4.75 ft )

 1.87
 Now, to keep the Factor of safety 1.87,

For the new location of the celvis:

The hypotenuse = √ ( 18 )2 + ( 22 )2 = 28.43

Let, the compressive force = F

18
So, Fh = F x ( ¿ = 0.63F lb
28.43

22
And, Fv = F x ( ¿ = 0.77F lb
28.43

Resistingmoments
Factor of Safety =
overturning moments

4050 x ( 1.5 ft ) +0.77 F x (1.5 ft )

 1.87 = = 5.59F ft = 6075 + 1.16F ft
0.63 F x (4.75 ft )

 5.59F ft – 1.16F ft = 6075 ft

 F = 1371 lb

Answer: B) 1371 lb

As per AISC Steel Construction Manual, Part 3

14) The formwork and shoring are in place at both levels of the two-story building shown below.
Shores are spaced at 6 ft on center. Assume that all Level 2 loads are carried by the formwork
and shoring during the roof pour. During placement of concrete at the roof, the service loads
in shore at Levels are found.
If the thickness of Roof is increased from 6’’ to 7’’ and Level 2 decreased from 10’’ to 9’’,
what will be the changes in shore at Level 1 and Level 2?

A) No changes at Level 2 and 72 lb will be increased at Level 1

B) No changes at Level 2 and Level 1
C) 72 lb will be increased at Level 2 and no changes at Level 1
D) 72 lb will be increased at Level 2 and 72 lb will be increased at Level 1

Solution: Solution: Here, for the 6’’ and 10’’ thickness,

Here, at Level 2, the Roof and Level 2 Shore effect will be counted.

The service load in shore at Level 2:

R2 = [(0.5’ x (150 pcf) + 50 psf + 12 psf) x (6’)] = 822 lb

at Level 1, the Level 2 and Level 1 Shore effects will be counted.

And, The service load in shore at Level 1:

R1 = [(0.5’ x (150 pcf) + 50 psf + 12 psf) + (0.83’ x (150 pcf) + 50 psf + 12 psf)] x (6’ x 6’)

 R1 = 11646 lb

Now, the thickness has changed where the thickness has increased 6’’ to 7’’ at Roof and
thickness has decreased 10’’ to 9’’ at Level 2

So, The service load in shore at Level 2:

R2 = [(0.58’ x (150 pcf) + 50 psf + 12 psf) x (6’)] = 894 lb

And, The service load in shore at Level 1:

 R1 = [(0.58’ x (150 pcf) + 50 psf + 12 psf) + (0.75’ x (150 pcf) + 50 psf + 12 psf)] x (6’ x 6’)

 R1 = 11646 lb

So, changes will be: at Level 2 = 894 lb – 822 lb = 72 lb will be increased

And, at Level 1, There will be no changes in service loads after the thickness changes.

Answer: C) 72 lb will be increased at Level 2 and no changes at Level 1

As per ACI 318, Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary, Chapter
6

15) The figure shows a wall construction plan.

Assumptions:
The gypsum board provides slud weal axis bracing
CD = 1.6
CM = 1.0
Ct = 1.0
CF = 1.15
Ci = 1.00
Cp = 0.33 strong axis
Cp = 1.0 weak axis

Design Code:
National Design Specification for Wood Construction with Commentary, 2018 and National
Design Specification Supplement, Design Values for Wood Construction, 2018

Material: Douglas Fir-Larch No. 2

Using allowable stress design, what is the maximum vertical load (lb) per stud?

A) 3589 lb
B) 3833 lb
C) 4013 lb
D) 4303 lb

Solution: Here, Douglas Fir-Larch No. 2

So, from the NDS Supplement, Chapter 4, Table 4A:

For, Douglas Fir-Larch No. 2, Compression parallel to grain FC = 1350 psi

So, now from the NDS, Table 4.3.1,

F*c = (Fc)(CD)(CM)(Ct)(CF)(Ci)

So, F*c = (Fc)(CD)(CM)(Ct)(CF)(Ci) = (1350) x (1.6) x (1.0) x (1.0) x (1.15) x (1.00)

 F*c = 2484 psi

Now, F’C = (F*c) x (CP)

 F’C = (2484) x (0.33) = 819.72 psi

Now, Area A = bd

 A = (1.5) x (3.5) = 5.25 in2

So, the maximum vertical load (lb) per stud, P = F’C x A = 819.72 x 5.25 = 4303 lb

Answer: D) 4303 lb

As per National Design Specification for Wood Construction with Commentary, 2018 and
National Design Specification Supplement, Design Values for Wood Construction, 2018

Water Resources and Environmental

16) Three pipes have the following characteristics:

Pipe 1: This pipe has a diameter of 12 inch. The head loss has measured approximately 16.22 ft
where the Flow rate is measured as 2.08 ft3/s.

Pipe 2: This pipe has a diameter of 10 inch. The head loss has measured approximately 18.55 ft
where the Flow rate is measured as 1.77 ft3/s.

Pipe 3: This pipe has a diameter of 11 inch. The head loss has measured approximately 13.56 ft
where the Flow rate is measured as 2.12 ft3/s.

Here, the length of the pipes is the same as 4500 ft.

Using the Hazen-Williams equation, what is the correct sequence of the pipe materials of three
pipes?

A) Brick Sewer, Ductile Iron, Concrete

B) Brick Sewer, Concrete, Ductile Iron
C) Ductile Iron, Brick Sewer, Concrete
D) Concrete, Ductile Iron, Brick Sewer

hf 0.54
Solution: here, The Pipe 1: the Hazen-Williams equation: Q = 0.432 CD2.63 ( ¿
L

Now, Diameter, D = 12 inch = 1 ft, Length = 4500 ft, hf = 16.22 ft, Q = 2.08 ft3/s

hf 0.54
So, Q = 0.432 CD2.63 ( ¿
L

Q 2.08

( ) ( )
0.54 0.54
 C= 2.63 hf = 2.63 16.22 = 100.43 ≈ 100
0.432 D 0.432(1)
L 4500

From NCEES Civil PE Handbook, Page 329, from the table: C =100 is for Brick Sewer

So, the material of Pipe 1 is Brick Sewer

hf 0.54
Now, Pipe 2: the Hazen-Williams equation: Q = 0.432 CD2.63 ( ¿
L

Now, Diameter, D = 10 inch = 0.83 ft, Length = 4500 ft, hf = 18.55 ft, Q = 1.77 ft3/s

hf 0.54
So, Q = 0.432 CD2.63 ( ¿
L
 Q 1.77

( ) ( )
0.54 0.54
 C= 2.63 hf = 2.63 18.55 = 129.76 ≈ 130
0.432 D 0.432(0.83)
L 4500

From NCEES Civil PE Handbook, Page 329, from the table: C =130 is for Concrete

So, So, the material of Pipe 2 is Concrete

hf 0.54
The Pipe 3: the Hazen-Williams equation: Q = 0.432 CD2.63 ( ¿
L

Now, Diameter, D = 11 inch = 0.92 ft, Length = 4500 ft, hf = 13.56 ft, Q = 2.12 ft3/s

hf 0.54
So, Q = 0.432 CD2.63 ( ¿
L

Q 2.12

( ) ( )
0.54 0.54
 C= 2.63 hf = 2.63 13.56 = 140.41 ≈ 140
0.432 D 0.432(0.92)
L 4500

From NCEES Civil PE Handbook, Page 329, from the table: C =140 is for Ductile Iron

So, the material of Pipe 3 is Ductile Iron

So, the sequence of the materials = Brick Sewer, Concrete, Ductile Iron

Answer: B) Brick Sewer, Concrete, Ductile Iron

As per NCEES Civil PE Handbook, Chapter 6: Water Resources and Environmental Page 329
17) The following tables are for the four ponds:

Pond 1:
This pond’s initial water content is 1100 tons; it undergoes no chemical reactions. Over the
course of four months, 850 tons of water had entered the lake. Rainfall has contributed 120 tons
of water to the lake. A total of 65 tons are lost to evaporation.

Pond 2:
This pond’s initial water content is 1320 tons; it undergoes no chemical reactions. Over the
course of four months, 910 tons of water had entered the lake. Rainfall has contributed 150 tons
of water to the lake. A total of 85 tons are lost to evaporation.

Pond 3:
This pond’s initial water content is 980 tons; it undergoes no chemical reactions. Over the course
of four months, 620 tons of water had entered the lake. Rainfall has contributed 90 tons of water
to the lake.

Pond 4:
This pond’s initial water content is 1020 tons; it undergoes no chemical reactions. Over the
course of four months, 710 tons of water had entered the lake. Rainfall has contributed 110 tons
of water to the lake. A total of 72 tons are lost to evaporation.

Which Sequence is correct on the basis of highest to lowest amount of water at the end of the
period?

A) Pond 1> Pond 3 > Pond 4 > Pond 2

B) Pond 3 > Pond 4 > Pond 2 > Pond 1
C) Pond 2 > Pond 1 > Pond 4 > Pond 3
D) Pond 4 > Pond 2 > Pond 1 > Pond 3

Solution: For the Pond 1:

Initial Mass of water = 1100 tons and water flow into the lake = 850 tons

Now, water out from the lake = 65 tons

Generation of water = 120 tons

The balance equation = W = Water flow in lake – Water out from lake + Generation of water

 W = 850 – 65 + 120 = 905 tons

So, Final Mass = 1100 + 905 = 1905 tons

For the Pond 2:

Initial Mass of water = 1320 tons and water flow into the lake = 910 tons

Now, water out from the lake = 85 tons

Generation of water = 150 tons

The balance equation = W = Water flow in lake – Water out from lake + Generation of water

 W = 910 – 85 + 150 = 975 tons

So, Final Mass = 1320 + 975 = 2295 tons

For the Pond 3:

Initial Mass of water = 980 tons and water flow into the lake = 620 tons

Generation of water = 90 tons

The balance equation = W = Water flow in lake + Generation of water

 W = 620 + 90 = 710 tons

So, Final Mass = 980 + 710 = 1690 tons

For the Pond 4:

Initial Mass of water = 1020 tons and water flow into the lake = 710 tons

Now, water out from the lake = 72 tons

Generation of water = 110 tons

The balance equation = W = Water flow in lake – Water out from lake + Generation of water

 W = 710 - 72 + 110 = 748 tons

So, Final Mass = 1020 + 748 = 1768 tons

 From above analysis, it is seen that the sequence = 2295 tons >1905 tons > 1768 tons > 1690
tons

Answer: C) Pond 2 > Pond 1 > Pond 4 > Pond 3

As per NCEES Civil PE Handbook, Chapter 6: Water Resources and Environmental, Page 422

18) There are two pond system for wastewater treatment:

Pond system 1: It is found that the wastewater pond system 1 has 1.5 inches/day hydraulic
loading to its operations depth of 4.1 feet. Assume that the pond system was empty when the
filling of the pond was initiated and that a constant incoming flow rate fills the pond. It requires
X days for this pond to rise 4.1 feet.

Pond System 2: It is found that the wastewater pond system 2 has 1.2 inches/day hydraulic
loading to its operations depth of 4.1 feet. Assume that the pond system was empty when the
filling of the pond was initiated and that a constant incoming flow rate fills the pond. It requires
Y days for this pond to rise 3.4 feet.

Which statement is true for these pond systems?

A) Pond System 1 will require 5 more days than Pond System 2 to rise the same depth
B) Pond System 2 will require 8 more days than Pond System 1 to rise the same depth
C) Pond System 1 will require 8 more days than Pond System 2 to rise the same depth
D) Pond System 2 will require 5 more days than Pond System 1 to rise the same depth

Solution: Here, for the pond system 1:

The depth = 4.1 feet

The depth in inches = 4.1 x 12 in/ft = 49.2 inches

Now, the pond hydraulic load can be determined by:

inches of Rise inches of Rise

Pond Hydraulic Load = =
days required for rise X

inches of Rise
 X=
Pond Hydraulic Load

49.2 inches
 X= = 33 days
1.5

Now, for the pond system 2:

The depth = 4.1 feet

The depth in inches = 4.1 x 12 in/ft = 49.2 inches

Now, the pond hydraulic load can be determined by:

inches of Rise inches of Rise

Pond Hydraulic Load = =
days required for rise Y

inches of Rise
 Y=
Pond Hydraulic Load

49.2 inches
 Y= = 41 days
1.2

So, the pond system 2 will require (41-33) = 8 days more than Pond system 1 to rise the same
depth.

Answer: B) Pond System 2 will require 8 more days than Pond System 1 to rise the same
depth

As per NCEES Civil PE Handbook, Chapter 6: Water Resources and Environmental, Page 477
19) An anaerobic digestor has a volume of 35000 gallons. The influent sludge flow rate is 5 MGD.
Influent flow contains TSS of 1100 mg/L. The suspended solids are 72% volatile. After some days,
the volume of the digestor has been increased by 20% of the previous volume.
What will be the changes in the volatile solid load for the two conditions of volume?
A) 1.50 lb/ft3-day VSS will be increased
B) 1.17 lb/ft3-day VSS will be increased
C) 1.17 lb/ft3-day VSS will be decreased
D) 1.50 lb/ft3-day VSS will be decreased

Solution: Here, before increasing the volume, The previous volume = 35000 gallons
So, Volume in feet = 35000 gallons x 0.13368 = 4679 ft3
And, Total Suspended Solid, TSS = 1100 mg/L where 72% volatile
So, TSS = 1100 mg/L x 0.72 = 792 mg/L = VSS
Now, Volatile solid load = 8.34 x Q x X, Q = flow rate, X = Volatile suspended solid
So, Volatile solid load = 8.34 x Q x X
 Volatile solid load = 8.34 x 5 x 792 = 32907 lb/day
32907 lb /day
So, Volatile solid load = 3 = 7.03 lb/ft3-day VSS
4679 f t
Now, the volume increased by 20%
So, the new volume = 35000 + (35000 x 20%) = 42000 gallons
So, volume in feet = 42000 x 0.13368 = 5615 ft3
From the previous calculation, Volatile solid load = 32907 lb/day
32907 lb /day
So, Volatile solid load = 3 = 5.86 lb/ft3-day VSS
5615 f t
 So, the changes in volatile solid load = 7.03 – 5.86 = 1.17 lb/ft3-day VSS will be decreased

Answer: C) 1.17 lb/ft3-day VSS will be decreased

As per NCEES Civil PE Handbook, Chapter 6: Water Resources and Environmental, Page 447

20) A rectangular sedimentation tank is designed to treat wastewater for a new development area.
The area is expected to generate an average flow of 1.8 million gallons per day (MGD). The
tank must operate with a hydraulic loading rate of 850 gpd/ft² and a required detention time of
7.5 hours. The design also requires that the overflow rate does not exceed 16500 gallons per day
per linear foot of weir length.

What will be the approximate depth of the tank?

A) 232 ft
B) 263 ft
C) 304 ft
D) 327 ft

Solution: Here, the total flow rate, Q = 1.8 MGD x 100000 gallons/GD = 1800000 gallons/day

Q
Now, For this flow rate, The Surface area, A =
Hydraulic Loading Rate

Here, the Hydraulic Loading Rate = 850 gpd/ft²

Q 1800000
So, The Surface area, A = = = 2118 ft2
Hydraulic Loading Rate 850

From the NCEES PE Civil handbook, Page 476,

For the Rectangular Tanks: Length-to-width ratio = 3:1

Let, Length = 3W

So, Area, A = L x W = 3W x W =3W2

2118 ft2 = 3W2

2118
 W2 = = 706 ft2
3
  W = √ 706

 W = 27 ft

So, Length = 3 x W = 3 x 27 = 81 ft

Now, Detention Time, T = 7.5 hours

1
 Detention Time = 7.5 hours x = 0.31 day
24

V = Q x T = 1800000 gallons/day x 0.31 day = 558000 gallons

V
So, the depth can be calculated as, D =
A

558000 gallons
Depth, D = 2
2118 f t

 D = 263 ft

Answer: B) 263 ft

As per NCEES Civil PE Handbook, Chapter 6: Water Resources and Environmental, Page 476