‘SECTION 0 - REVIEW OF ALGEBRA AND CALCULUS
Isis insictory sect. fw important concep ht elena 6 baby toc il bee
‘The conn rvewa sl hay, apne a cgay in ve dese, proper of factions,
Aire, iegnsion an poetic res. Stes witha song askround nelle hn are aie
SET THEORY
Asetisa coleion of ements The pra" an element of A"is ented by # A, anc Mee
shoment of A ndensedby fA
‘opostincintgr, and isthe st fal pose ita te
1585500) an B= (1,2, 8).
Fortes sets to stat A.C B since ary member of A any od postve ie isa member af
2 Gaps igs). The Ver agra elow ilsies Aas bs! of B.
»@
Union af cus AUB inthe st ofalclement in dtr Ao (oro
AUB=(s|2cAor2eB)
1 Ath ta al postive oven teprs (A= (2, 4,6, 8,10, 12, -Yand Bic eal pane
ngs wh ae miles of3 (B= (3,6, 9, 1, wate
Aue
2,3,4,6,8,9, 10,22).
{athe st ofyetiv ingen which re either mips ofr ipl (rbot)Intersection of vets: ACB ise sal cleat in sh Aan
ADB=(elae Asada BY
ANB
EA iste se oF al osve even ian and Bis the tf alps ites wich are ample of en
AN B= (6, 12, ithe tof postive integer wich ae a mpl of Theclenentsof ANE mast
‘acs thpoperies bath Aap nshis example that means an lene ofA mast Wa mip of
nds ea lip and betes be mile of
"The complement of the st B: The oglemon of sit of al clon mat a Bans sind
Bev ~ B. B= 2 |n ¢ B). Woon fering othe complement of se aly deo ha ee
‘tothe eo al positive even integrand ifthe "al 5” i the tall poste neg, hn I ens of
llpouiveedispers Th a diemnce of tA mins Bis AB — {ala €A anda $B) aod
‘om ofalllementtaare in Ab mt ia B. Noe tht: A B= AB. AB can sho bedorbed
a U8 = An
Example:
‘Velie flowing st elon (DeMorpas Laws
© (AUB) =A°NB" (beconplenet of be ion of Aand Bh inenecton of te enplenens 04
85)
Gi) (ANBY =2°UB" (hecompleent othe inesecion of Man Bstbewion of he erplencu af A
85)Sola
(Since te union ofA and B consists ofall points in ce A oF B, sy post ti AL Bisin nity A
tor Band there ein bh he alee of Aad ccnp of B: vith ton
of ed The rovers icin hls sir ay i pit nin thei of a8
then tks not in Aandi in ist in AL Ban herein (AU BY. Tere,
(AUBP and A’ cont fe ee cll of pins ey ae thse st
Uva) = oe
(i) Thesolation ive sar.
ogy = tun
"Empty se: The empty st ish sth cota no cme, an is dented
et Sas A an Barca at wt if A.B = Bey tae lene in canon)
‘rom he Venn diagram inthe paragah ato dering)
Forays A, 8 © AQtenpty st isa sae of any aberse A)
Aue= A Ane= 6: A~
An(Buc)=(anB)U(Ancy
AuUine)= (AuR)N(AUC)
Forays Asal B, ANB CAC AUB wd ANBCBCAUB
(AuBy —a’nD a (An BY = AuAn important ras los om pi bone) st allowing
For any tvssets Aand [Link] A= (AN B)U(ANBY.
oe or 4
‘elated os the propery tat a nese ismadeup of
net 5, we dlioen(S) tab the member of emt In 5.
“Two wf ratonships for outing kms na st are n(A) = (AB) (ANF) (eae ne
AN Band AB areola)
(AU B) =n(A) +n(B)— n(APB) (anesthe double counting of ANB).
4A UBUC)=n{A) + n(B) +n(0)
= n(AnB) —n(ANe)— n(BOC)
+n(An BNO)
“The min pcan of stale isin a prbaiiy comes wich we use leh to deere evens and
nina frei (hi pen in tn next sect oF hie dy pi). An endanger nd
jan eves can be gute hpi inser and igen podabies.
Example 02:
5 = (0)281,5.6. We die he allowing ase of 5
= (2,8) (amamber ie tan 4 ae),
2.4.6} (ancven umber es,
1 4 wed,
34,5) : ANB = {2}:
Asad0 ws ijt ince ANC 0 CCD:
A= 4,56} (emplewentof A}; B= (1,858): AUB = {1,254.6}: and
(AUB = (5) = 4°78 estes oe of DeMorgas Law
‘This sista in te allowing Vern gms with siden by sade eons.Hem YA ;
ee le ena
ee
Example:
‘Aan dase escheat anc 4,00 people who fave sulle hen tak. The rescuer
‘ene ables noid wih et atk vtie:
Acsmoke, Bobutyrinker, — C-sodnary Mes
“hefty da on he 40.00 vicina abort
29.000wer smokes: 25.00 wer ray drinker: 3000 bal asedenay isle:
22,000 wer th skersandBy
1,00 we srs ada ely ae
20,00 wer bth heaty dirs and da seenary ese and
20,00 wer smokes, and hey drinkers nd ada sles.
® ier sake, or eay dikes, prada sedentary ise:
® stoke butt bose ken
‘i stokes bt not ey dikes and wos have a sedentary Hes
©) citer snakes cea aks or al bat il zt havea eden Hye?Solution:
() eset number of eet hat nossa). Tee fomnavon ca be snare
‘Ven diag fom fons
‘n(A) = 290¢anoker)—n()=25,000 (hay ink) n(C) = 30,00 (deta ise)
DO ®
nile =22,90 lane) =24,000 ‘(BN 0) =20,000
(ook mes linker) (moter and sedenary ity) (hen tinker and denise)
(ange) =20,000
(sor ancy dither and sedeary ies)‘Werking fw he inside ouwardio sh Veo grams, wea entity te number within cach mina sos
ean
ey
(ys
Atpica ation ln hs agra ie fllons. We a giren n(A BMC) =20,000 ad
(ANB) 22,000; wee he ann
22,000 =n(ANB) =a(AN BAC) + HAN BNC) =20.004 RAN NC)
04s m(ANBNC) =2,00 (is sous tha he 2.00 veins in A B who a bh shea ayy
ink caa be sshd ita wo ao have asednary Hftvlen( AN MC) = 20,40, and sew
onothave eset fee (A BC") te ther = 2,00). the ets ro inasiniarwa:
roe nan we a ui aol ight it ter combinions of wun Frias, 6,00
‘its ves sofa lis, it ae ei stoke mba hrs the isthe ey“ which st
outeais a(4'N 87 C)=6,00. Ao, sander ofvicins who were bt aay diskey anda
sedentary ify bat wee nt sak 0
() Thenanber of vctins who tad at ast one ofthe especie endows n( AU BUC) whi,
(AU BUC) = 20,001-+ 2, 000+ 000 +0 +3, 000 +3,000+6 000 = 58.00,
The“ inhi cxal the et of al 400 vein. Therefor here wre 2.00 eat ack
victims who had none ofthe te pei ondtons: Bibi the comple’ of (AU BUC),
Alaa. wehave wed te exer of ee of DeNorna avs ts cane of reek, “be aA
Ber" = (AUBUCY = 4° NBC" =". AY aot Ba"iy Thennber of vtins who wee smokers but a heavy dikes is
‘MAND ~ 3,00 4,00, Tica bee he following Vem aga
(Gi) The mmber vicina who were maker bunt hry ken nd i a hea eda
espe n(n BIC") 3, 00 (pa ofthe rp in
(G0) Themmber ovis who wee ier smoke rhs dink (orb) bt i a ea
sedenry les nl(A UB) "Thine in te allowing Vers diagram.
s{(AUB) CI =3.000+2,600+3,000= 8,000.GRAPHING AN INEQUALITY IN TWO DIMENSIONS.
“Te jot eon of apo random vale X and¥tssomeimes eine over two dns elon
‘whichis seb inenns olin iain invoving aed The ein rept by incglily
1y> az +bisthe rego aboetbeline y= az + ay < a +-bis the regan Bw he is.
Example 4: Using iotnes y= ~ Je + 9 and y= 2r—8, nd he region athe pln th sis
bot oft inguaities y > — f+ and y < 2s —8.
Solution:
‘Wegrphcad ofthe unig lines an ta dsernine which ideo he ine epesemedhy ety. The
‘ie gpl ie the praph often y ~ — HB ang with he shaded opin which tere
y> ~ fe. comiting ol pois “sone tat ine. The send rah low ite gh tine
1y=22—8 along withthe shed ein, which ishereiony < x —8 coming of al os “oow” tha
tin
“Te hic ah iin nection it epi td eon pe) the ro pom, Aough bondi,
he gap atoll lines, he negaoy rt nga,PROPERTIES OF FUNCTIONS
Denton of funet
tection defies mune a). The mal fhe incon fs thet of ves rv th fen
is deine. The ange of fst ofall (2) values hat can ocu fr inthe dona, Fusions can be
£5 Atcios J) defied on subset (rth ene ofa unde. Fret
elias etwson woes (ay ay) ca eeprom yf gh in hep lane: he
Fanton = f(e) i gpd te ary nth domi of hve lina wllinens the ph of
‘te feon x eacy on pons ca aa be decried ying tht for eae val fx ee at 0)
onerelated waco,
samples:
(= # deine inser cach thas incl one ale 2 The din often ial
ical pubes (eh ea nade asa Sg). Te aigeof eft ial cl panes 2 ice
any rz thesqueis 2720
doesnt defines futon sine i > 0, three two vas fp for whic 9
taleare + /. Tiss illnted inte grata below
2 These wo
Fanetions defined piecenise
‘A fncon ate deine in act way on spre taal ical pleaded ectlon. The
wa{or Set[Malivarin function: fnson more thn on aie ila molar frton
Example 06:
9) = ins facion oftware, te domains ete ?- dinero plane hes (8)
_Eye beth wal nombor)) and th rng ihe twit postive ral mente. Th fin cou
graphed n3imensionl 22 spce. The dain wou te the (horizon) 2+ pln, a the range woud be
‘he veiea e-mension.
“The mensional paps sown ow
a
“The cone h ies a fino inp: when farmlands frome rom
One-to-one fant
fo ech yoru dierent rales ein diferent (2) vals), Wa graph is vn of one
‘one fiaton any rion ine os the gap nat ot ne ls.
Fron f isis x ono-oneif i eqtion f(z) = y hua os one sltion
Example:
The tin f(e)= 22-2 Howetnons fooh eofyterlon y= Be = Axton
sotsian ose fy: = 82. The ntn gfe) =2 wih ele sre snes sis dala
Iran oetoae ne reach > 0, hee ae inn rine fy een = (owe
Vij and 2= — Jno ht if we rest the dani of (2) = 2 whe poste
ner ne o-oo) The raphe bow
wo soln aeese offamcion J: The inven ofthe Frton fis ented 1 The inven exits ony iff fone.
in wich se, {"(g) = ithe ois) val of «which sass f(z) = ang heir of y= 2)
rmemsihr ve solve or2 items ofy. 2 = JG) )Forinsanse, fenton y=22"= fe). if 2= 1
shen 9 =f) = 203 (2) = (2/2) fo the eam jt cided, he vere
funsionappied w y=2 is thvalu of or whic f(2) =2, or quale, 2
ro wich we ge
Example 08:
8 Teinare ie tin 9 Be 1= 7) bein
ry) ewes fr zin oso.
(6) Given faction y= 2 = fe) ning er inom yeas in = = & Y/.sotbereare
the isons defined soe
(2) for #20 anyon 2 = + y= %y) woud
te theese anion since fs trons on ts dein wich oni of eonagtne
Quadratic fanctions and equatos
‘A quadratic funtion i ofthe form (2) = a2? + br +e
‘The mots ofthe quadratic equation az? tbs be = 0 arenas
“The quai eqution as
©) dtc teal soosif|# — toe > 0,
i) diet comple roots if 8? — fue < 0, and
(Gi) equalea rots if #— tae =0.Example 09:
“The ganda equation 2 — 2-44 = 0 arto ditint el stings: = = 3-4 VB.
“The quad equation 22 — 42-44 = 0 has bot routs equ = 2
“The quad eqution 2? — 22 +4 =0 has wo distin! complex oats 2 = LVS
a
He whee #20,
2 Asante ner ofthis nao ie ont Lo)
“Thus 9 = 4 bony) = 2. Teg ono wh be ee mtu oar, on) tay Some
” oat
omam(f) R= range(f?) angels) = 0, +50) = domainl
vii = ytor y>0 ogi?) = 2 ras
omy) = toa) + tte)
lemiy/2) = lant) ~ gt)
Forse fineon we have
Ine
=» foran y> 0a othe nual logan, we haveLIMITS AND CONTINUITY
ntutvedefinion fin: The expression i/o) = 1 meas daw xg lose apron)
beret vale fa es bs L
(Sr isan nt att 285t
‘einen
= 42 ite 1 bain aking iii wea nly concerned with wha haere 2 = 1
ot tat 23 = 8 ats =1 dos onan hat tint oes nt xi tc
ote a ep = 1) a
Continuity: The fancion fi com at = © if tere i 0 “aol inte gag of
ial (=) = fe). a Expl 10 above he hed ai i comin
sot deine Anthro ea dco in f=) asus = tht
Tir of 2's eet rm he than is lo he ih.
Exampleot:
(6 f(e)= tna and €=0 hen fisdsoninuonst ¢=0 sine non ne inde
poi =D (bi wads be theo ore fanion f(s) = zy and = ~3)
(010 J0)= (22 te 1) bbe Ose og 0) ee,
aso fF By) doe,DIFFERENTATION
coneelnerpretaa of dere: The dale ot cn (2) atepa 2 6 be
stipes gi gah y=) ae pat (le). Th et i
domed Fa) «|
‘This bo feed wate dvaive of f wth eset to te pin.
“The saeaiedefnon of Py) 8
= yi en
‘Tangent Line
Slopes fs)
‘The second cerivative of Fat zp isthe desivative of f"(2) at the point xo, Ihis denoted f*(xq) ¢ f{x¢} or
G| tena narderanectf aan epee toed t=
a
‘he dinar ns ret shange: Pose inn tpn fe ne Fa) 68
Fchesiiaintrey-opieeatrnsevsonbennnpsiimtont oe a
trauet yoife) heap cape wen pnsartgoerasey ate came
Geaet Yass) waedvn Pin) =a anancgusetranpan eect ty
‘hatnrpenietrcr tn cnet hr en pak sera and cows“The flowing isa summary fsome ipo rein rs
vat atten _f(6) re
Dh .
os crac out
wots} Teme
Patent ane) He-Ne)
Towente wien
‘Quotient mae & Manet opted
aa ae ym)
br owe
inte) e
meee Fe
a :
tone ths
sample:
“What isthe cerivative of f(x) = da(a? + 1)*?
Soutien
=)
= Ma) = a Ma) ae ae
Trajan esa aah 4
‘Notice that h(z) = {2*-+ 1)? = [w(x]? = h(w(x)) , where h{w)
“The chain oe els a He) = Mn) we) = Bux e) = e418 nh{lias rue for ekuating its: ini mn) iio be ninco Semi
met
io Fledesis
Ui) fe exits ands # 0
{i tints)
0) = te) =a
2 aw { 6) Fandg x ciate er, and
(Hx exis
Int or2 econ: ig f(e)~ 0 and lings) ~ 0 can be lacey he condone)
nd lige)
+10 andib pint ceasbevacd yo wie contains emsining vali
Fxample 13: Find tn
Sot
“Toelintinbthbe nwt an dnoinorate.s0 we apy Mowat" =F nda
|i can abe fou yr the
derominasrnis 3° 9 = (979)! 3) and hen cacoing atte coe $$ he mameaoe
snd deominao, a
Dilferentation of foncon of several variable - pri ferentiation:
Given fsa fs) ousonf tetra he arlene of] wth espe ih pot
(um) fond y elientiaing f withrogeso = ad egdng he ably conan baa ia
‘hevalies += and y= wp The pail dra off wih eget tem dome The pri
gine it epg vietnam way heen” pul dei can Boden
FE = BOD. Sh = BCG) sive pat desatives can be eid (he one of part
iiremtinion does sot uty maser gE = (SL) = (BE) = sede
HL, 008 Bay
Seasrean t Stn], Aor ame 0INTEGRATION
comic interpretation o he "eit Intra” -th aren wer the are
{Gnens on fos ral) ete pat ef oe em sete}
iso thsi as ten he pho fiona rai fom == t == Sip
esis wher f(2)> Dnt isesie wes fle <0. Whi ya seine
tee nat) he (sie mis tae fe nese) ae
Ingold nian oon Ginn conf). ast) my
fen Fl wc iia te nanip F() = fC). Asn oe Fenda Tonem of
Cea etic eae nyt sing Fan min of) Tete
HEU) fo) ones ben f7e)de ~F0)— Flo)
(i) 60) Ende, tn Gte)~ ¥@)
ramp O15:
Fin edie inept he inson Jo} =2— one nal —1.3
Sohn
The po fii ger low. Mica J) > Of #2 (0) <0 > [Link]
anidcrvasforf(e)'s Pls) =22 ©. Thedsinisinega wie 2-3)
de= Fe) -FL-1) =(6-$)- |-2- EB) = 4. Now tae wont he graphed ei
128 1) =m pt es
odieay +¥) Taprde+ Shorts re
Fen tite
1 inete
ero
“
tins
tegration of f on [a, 6] when f defined ata or 6, or when a or
Ieegatos an iittala is eine aking in
TE'Ve}de~ inf fo}de «witha snr ston agpingto ff) de,
and Jt) in fee
Ue fenton ==
z= hn fads
A sendin pest flan at = ori decent t= b
EJ) maton te ik = nemo en
Aiteide= [fteydes fe
oo:
se olen npipr nga ff dicot == atone)
ample 16:
(0) te ght = [2] = tgit—aye)= 2
1 Jodeci a = 6
0) ff hte AL] =m btm
(e) Pogh de. Notethat has a disconinaty at 2 = 0, so tat
ade [tds The second integra is
glibte fag —1+ 8) ssh ews app ep
oes at exis(wien lin I infinite or oes nat exis. he inal said "avers", afewer nfl inept nls
(viper n> Oana unter © [ta de =
ima) xe
Brtuide, ter Ge) = ~ fle
iv) if Gla} = yyflu) due then G2) = — flgle)] x dla).
6) 60\= fisedde, tw 6) =e} x¥Ue)- fae
IU aa): 2+ 9 < ~2
Is) 8)
>
8. Forfa vabes ofkarthe ris +r —2= 0 outrun?
wke-} mach Ob>-} Dee} Deed
9. a8 0) = Fe) hen fo) uy ea:
ar of of Dt od
1a Let fle) =24e", Domine te mh deratveof fat 2 =0
AVO BYE Chain I(m—2) Dy mln —I9(a—2}(m—3) nd11. Aims fr work population asumes a population olen teen tine with mpltion
sine 0 eas ill pr er, weet repre as acorn varie. nig i
ola lat tn wile poplin ech Oil eae.1?
3 4 OS DS HS
PViFFa, Fo =
80D} OF D1 Demet
14, Lefton coi fictn on Pandit = f248%, fle ddd
Witte lle xpi ogi with rr ftp eee?
NL Giewdedy — Bw LG iavdedy — © Lah Mewddedy
DLA Aemerds — © fei sewdedy
1 cae 65 ip ae
vice mime OF ofeme 6 f-fme
‘Question 1617 late the allowing infrmatin Sith gis # ow jo at sai 108.000
(nears milion),
As m6 O7 De He
17, Atthoend each yen, Seis employer eps 3% of Sisley (rth earjos tes ia
‘und ening 45 per ear compounded ach er Fal he a of eos ae te a eps at
the eal of Sith 35 earf employe esas 10.00)
A) 431000) 460.000 ©) 470400 _D) 480990) 490.000PROBLEM SET 0 SOLUTIONS,
“Teta si he eal hoe who ware mreyedand comit o 15.00 avs We df the
Wenregnen (2) =4,$00 (7) =7,500 an (7) = 4,000,
“Thiscsberpronned ie Vena tara formas lows at el
Zar 7b
1) “he mamber wh wether iterlast years year orb yur is
LUT) 00 £4000 3800 Hoo.
(8) "Re mame i
the roduc et et year orth ya
scurvy =e
rioalsc) ~ n(LUF) = 15,000 8,000 = 000
(i) he mnt wh wed the pad! ast yar bu ntti earis [LT = 600
(i) “Ye mamber who wed tbepradt his year bt notas years (E27) = 350,
Following tee met ppiedin Example of te notes of iad mate, eget te Vers
sagan ris below forthe mandarin be various combinations
=o a lems, and
J hat apa
An exemple using te alcuson of one of ect allowing. ine het ae 100 whe
parcial incnescoriculr asin ed had parstne jo, and ice 200 were in alte rp, he
umber who buh parisptd in exn-curiclr vite and ad aime jb did ave adobe
jos 1000 — 200 = 500 (i would be LENIN).C=
We
62)
(The mamber wh ade dbl major bt di a rcpt exn-cuiclar ctv did
nahin apuine jis n(D 98" J") = 70,
i) Te mambe who aa double major and ier partite extn cuir ai
a rarstimejob boot both n(D EN") + nD E'S) =200 + 10 = 3.
(iT mabe we te pice in extrari mtvits por ads partie jis
(EJ?) =nl(BU JVI = 700+ 200 = 10 (hoe (UY wi double majerand
hs ia (EU witha dbl mj
(A) = 60, m(B) = 560, n(C) = 580, (AUB) = #00, n(AUC} = 90,
BUC) = $0) and w(AU UC) = 1000
(@ Weareased or n(A 8). We cathe lamp
AUB) = 9(A)-+m(8) —n(ANB) 9 9 n(AN B= 680-+ 500900 = 250,
‘morro soe i) an (i) we ane the ie inematon athe aes fr the
(A) (C) —n(AUC} = 300,
(A UB UC) = nA} + +10)
=n(ANB) (ANC) -m(BNC)+KANBAC)
oa 100 = 650+ 50 + 550 250 — 0 — 250+ LA NBC).
‘on ubich wept a(n BC) ~ 100\Wecan exes te nambers inh somponen sin he Following Ven agra.
{ip Te mambe who had ier ype Aor Bret bt not Cis
‘ni [Link]) 7.0] = 90+ 150+ 100 = 450. Thi preven inte fllowing Vern igri,
(i) Themuber wo haall hee syponsis n(AN BMC), which we ave aensy
iti a 00
insurance putas
[R= erin pied
Pets he print ofthe agents
We ito find PLANE,
Wemrghea PUN M) =0 Ganeownerand ant iorace a mull echo).
) 1-P(auHuR)=037
2x PIR)
(i) ANH) + P{AN R) 4 PUL OR)—2% PA HR) = 035
(6) Puna) =oFrom fan (hi) we gst PLAN H+ PLAN R) = 03
From we ast
PULHUR
= P(A) + PUD PUR) PLAN H) PLAN R)— PUN) + PAN HN)
which accomes 064 + PCH) + 3x PCH) ~0.5 = 088s tar PL)
(0) woge 0.38 = PUM) = PCH A) + PUAN A) = POE A) +,
so at PULN A) ~ O26. Then fam PUAN) + PLAN R)~ 038, weg PLAN A) O20,
Wear ginea n(C) = 4 (aanber who watched CBS), (N) =15, nl)
SCAN) =T,n(C7 A) =6, (9 A) =, EAN A)=4,
sod (CNA) =0.
sHLCUNUA) =n[Hf) +n(CUNUA), and
MCUN UA) =94416410- 7-6-5 44= 48
Answer: A
‘The gro of eis ae ills nh allowing graph,
Thoingualiy 22+ y >2 teeta regi abone! eine 22+ y= 2‘Thelneualy 2+ 2y < —2 rewesemedby the rexon sow" theline 2429 = 2
“Teulon of etm eps
‘Tequdescaquaon ae? + be +6 Aasna alee if OP — tae <0
his 88h 0k <8 ‘Answer: &
Mare
Ist dvave- e244 40%; Dod detainee +82 + 122%)
Sed devaive- (a+ 1209 + 960% + 242)
“a daatne eal 16a? +722" 9 +20)
mig epost enn general exrsin forthe isan intra hn sie
However tte ta te 1, 20a devas (2 = 12,8} ms Be OU # = Vu heh
denrave fat Dat
Themis ates A, Cand,
‘Weseine P(e the poplin atime Then F()
ys HeP = 9,
thevubsinion w~ 024-42) wehave
~~ abel. ~ atta me
so FO ~ cay Tn‘Thetic an be olan yale hat ar he slats
6-1 B wont y= 26-2812)
“The gro bei aka cs ron body tn and paola
‘hea oft regions Jy +8) 4G" = 5) y= 9
powwer
Ft) = soko). whae fe) =28° and f() = EVER. oping te
Chin fle rain Ue) = fe) -#Ce) = MatO) x St = Yip x Le
M2 -0,tirbeome jh ‘anos E
‘eon sits tgp oy Fr [Link]
ant, wehave — JF