Taken from
National Disaster Management Authority
(NDMA)
Amended for Community Health Nursing
Objectives
National Disaster Management Framework
Disaster Risks in Pakistan
Gaps, Challenges and Opportunities
Vision, Mission and Scope of Framework
Priorities for Risk Reduction and Response
Structure for Disaster Risk Reduction and Response
Roles and Responsibilities of Key Stakeholders
Questions and Discussion
1. Disaster Risks in Pakistan
What is a natural disaster?
• A natural disaster is the consequence of an
event, which causes significant loss to human
lives and property
• A Disaster is defined as the interaction between
an event and human activities
• A Disaster is often described as a function of
hazard, risk and vulnerability
Elements of Risk
Hazard X Vulnerability = Risk
(Mostly Natural) (Man and Built Env.) (Consequence)
Geological Physical Death/Injury
Hydrological Social/ Cultural Financial Loss
Meteorological Economic Social Loss
Goal of Environment and
Disaster Management
• The goal of Environment and Disaster
Management is the safety and sustainability of
human lives
• Safety is related to avoiding death and injuries to
human lives during a disaster
• Sustainability is related to livelihood, socio-
economic, cultural, environmental and
psychological aspects
Disaster, Environment, Development
Disasters - Development
- Conflict - Water
- Natural Disasters - Health
- Population - Education
- Migration - Reducing Risk - Environment
- Enhancing Security - Poverty
Human
- Environment Security
- Built
- Air
-Land
-Sea
Disasters and Poverty
• Low-income groups are more vulnerable to natural
disasters
• In general, floods and cyclones cause maximum damages
and casualties in low-income groups, while earthquakes
cause more casualties in middle-income groups
• Drought and flood affect most people in low and middle
income groups
• Lower income groups are more dependent on the
immediate environment
• Understanding how humans use environmental assets is
important for good disaster risk mitigation.
Disaster and Development Cycle
Causes
Immediate/ Long -term
Causes Reduced through Population
multi-stakeholder De-forestation
cooperation High Consumption
Causes Climate Change
Building
disaster The Environment
capacity cause-effect cycle
Effects
Effects
Waste
Effects Coral Reef Damages
Coastal Zone Impacts
Reduced through Ground water contamination
awareness, Siltation issue
policies & action Effect on agriculture land
1. 1. Hazards
Seismic Vulnerability
Drought
Tsunami 1945
Floods-Indus Basin
Other hazards in Pakistan
NATURAL HUMAN INDUCED
Landslides Transport accidents
Cyclones/storms Nuclear accidents
Glacial lake outbursts Oil spills
River erosion Urban fires
Pest Attacks Civil conflicts
Internal displacements
CNR (chemical, Nuclear,
Radiological accidents)
1.2. Vulnerabilities
Poor construction practices;
Poor human and animal health;
Poor transport & communications infrastructure;
Physical isolation of settlements;
Fragile natural environment;
Poverty in hazard prone areas;
1.3. Dynamic Pressures
Population size and speed of growth;
Degradation of environment;
Urbanization and industrialization;
Climate change;
1.4. Pakistan Future Disaster Trends
More people living in / around hazard-prone areas
New settlements would continue to spring-up in
hazard prone areas
Frequency, severity and intensity of certain hazards is
on rise
Disaster frequency and impact would be greater than
before
Previously un-exposed regions might experience
disasters;
2. Challenges and Opportunities
Challenges
• Risk Reduction, a relatively new concept for policy
makers, development planners in Pakistan;
• Lack of policy, institutional and legal arrangements to
deal with issues of risk and vulnerability;
• Lack of technical and operational capacities in risk
analysis and risk reduction;
• Lack of locally developed building codes for
construction;
Opportunities
• Heightened awareness of highest level decision-
makers about disaster risks and vulnerabilities;
• Enhanced commitment of donors and UN to
strengthen institutional arrangements for DRR;
• Approval of DM Ordinance, and establishment of
NDMC and NDMA;
• Commitment of NDMA leadership to change;
3. Vision, Mission, Scope,
Principles
Vision for a safer Pakistan
To achieve sustainable social, economic and
environmental development in Pakistan through
reducing risks and vulnerabilities, particularly those of
the poor and marginalized groups, and by effectively
responding to and recovering from all types of disaster
events.
Mission
To manage complete spectrum of all types of disasters
through a paradigm shift by moving away from
response and relief oriented approaches and by
adopting a disaster risk reduction perspective from
local government level upwards.
5. Institutional Structure for
Disaster Risk Reduction
National Disaster Management Commission
(NDMC)
Membership
Prime Minister
Opposition Leader in Senate and Assembly
Ministers for Defense, health, Foreign Affairs, Social Welfare
and Special Education, Communications, Finance, Interior
Provincial Chief Ministers
Prime Minister AJ & K
Governor NWFP (for FATA)
Chief Executive Northern Areas
Chairman JCSC
Civil Society representatives
DG NDMA
Any others opted by the Chairman
National Disaster Management Commission
(NDMC)
Functions
Lay down policies;
Approve the National DM Framework and Plan;
Approve plans prepared by ministries, divisions
and provincial DM authorities;
Ensure all ministries, division/authorities strictly
follow the framework;
Ensure integrated national response in case of a
calamity;
National Disaster Management Authority
(NDMA)
Functions
Act as secretariat to the NDMC
Manage complete spectrum of DRM;
Develop national framework for disaster management;
Ensureimplementation of national disaster management
framework;
Map all hazards in the country and vulnerability analysis
on a regular basis;
Organize training and awareness raising activities ;
Provincial Disaster Management Commission
(PDMC)
Membership
Chief Minister
Leader of opposition
A nominee of leader of opposition
Others appointed by CM, may include following:
line ministry reps
Civil defense, police, fire services, university faculty
Research institutions, commerce reps. Industry
and insurance reps.
Provincial Disaster Management Commission
(PDMC)
Functions
Lay down policies
Develop plans
Approve ministerial/departmental plans
Review implementation of plans
District Disaster Management Authority
(DDMA)
Composition
Nazim
District Coordination Officer
District Police Officer
Executive District Officer Health
Others may include: EDO education, Agriculture,
fire services, reps. Of civil society, NGOs
District Disaster Management Authority
(DDMA)
Functions
Formulate district/municipal disaster risk reduction
and preparedness plans and ensure implementation;
Continuously monitor hazards, risks, and disaster
threats and the conditions of vulnerabilities within the
district or municipality;
Conduct education, training and public awareness
programmes;
Set up and maintain district level early warning and
communication systems;
In the event of a disaster , take operational control of
the situation to deliver support promptly to affected
communities
District Disaster Management Authority
(DDMA)
Functions
Review development plans of government
departments and provide guidance on mainstreaming
disaster risk reduction measures.
Encourage involvement of community groups in
disaster risk reduction and response;
Keep linkages with the PDMA and the Relief
Department.
Mobilize needed financial and material resources for
disaster risk management.
Questions and Discussion
