PETIL, ELA MAE M.
BSN1B
1. Hallmarks of Effective Teaching in Nursing
As a nursing student, I believe that effective teaching is very important in our learning, especially
since nursing involves both theory and practice. According to Jacobsen, there are six hallmarks of
good or effective teaching in nursing:
1. Professional Competence
The teacher must be very knowledgeable and skilled in what they are teaching. They must know
the subject well and be able to demonstrate nursing skills properly. They continue learning
through reading, training, and real-life experience in clinical settings.
2. Possession of Skillful Interpersonal Relationships
A good teacher builds a strong and respectful relationship with students. They listen with
empathy, accept students as they are, and are honest about expectations. They are also
approachable, fair, and supportive.
3. Desirable Personal Characteristics of the teacher
Teachers should be enthusiastic, confident, kind, patient, and flexible. A sense of humor and the
ability to admit mistakes are also important because it helps students feel more comfortable and
connected.
4. Teaching Practices
Good teaching means using clear methods, organizing lessons well, and making learning
interesting. A teacher must be able to explain topics clearly both in class and during clinical
practice.
5. Evaluation Practices
It’s important that teachers explain what is expected from us and give feedback regularly. They
must be fair when grading and give tests that match what was taught.
6. Availability to Students
Teachers should be available, especially during clinical duties or when students need guidance.
Even though instructors are busy, they should still make time or let students know where to reach
them when needed.
2. Principles of Good Practice Teaching
There are seven principles of good teaching that help students learn better:
1. Encourage Interaction
Teachers should interact with students. This motivates us to be active in class and clinical duties.
2. Cooperation Among Students
Working together helps us learn better. We can study together, share ideas, and support each
other.
3. Active Learning
We should be involved in our own learning by asking questions, writing, applying lessons, or
doing return demos. It helps us remember better.
4. Giving Prompt Feedback
Getting feedback right away helps us know what we are doing right or wrong. It motivates us to
improve.
5. Emphasizing Time on Task
We must manage our time well. Teachers should guide us on how much time to spend studying
or practicing.
6. Communitating High Expectations
When teachers expect more from us and believe in us, we try harder to meet those expectations.
7. Respect for Diverse Learners
Each student learns differently. Some learn by doing, others by reading or watching. Teachers
should use different strategies to match our learning styles.
• For me, the most effective principle is Active Learning because I understand better when I do
things myself. For example, during clinical return demonstrations, I learn more when I actually
perform the skill instead of just watching.
3. What are the different obstacles and barriers to learning? Can you give examples of each?
• Barriers to Education
1. Lack of Time – Nurses are always busy, and there’s not enough time to teach patients.
2. Lack of Preparation – Some nurses aren’t trained to teach or don’t feel confident
teaching.
3. Personal Characteristics – If the nurse isn’t patient or caring, it can affect teaching.
4. Low Priority – Sometimes patient education is not seen as important as other tasks.
5. Lack of Space/Privacy – Hospitals can be noisy or crowded, making it hard to teach.
6. ABSENCE OF THIRD PARTY REIMBURSEMENT TO SUPPORT PATIENT EDUCATION
PROGRAM – Some programs don’t have enough funds to support education.
7. SOME NURSES AND PHYSICIANS QUESTION THE EFFECTIVITY OF PATIENT EDUCATION
– Some health workers don’t believe teaching really helps.
8. CONTENT NEEDS TO BE STANDARDIZED – Content might not be uniform for all
patients.
9. INADEQUATE TIME TO RECORD/DOCUMENT PATIENT
TEACHING – Nurses might not have time to write down what they taught.
• Obstacles to Learning
1. CHRONIC ILLNESS, ANXIETY, SENSORY DEFICITS & LOW LITERACY A AMONG PATIENTS
– Illness, pain, anxiety, or poor vision/hearing can affect learning.
• Example: A patient with low vision might not read written instructions.
2. NEGATIVE INFLUENCE OF THE HOSPITAL ENVIRONMENT ITSELF – Loud noises, no
privacy, or isolation can affect focus
3. Lack of Time to Learn – Patients are discharged early, so there’s no time to learn.
4. PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LEARNER LIKE READINESS TO LEARN– If the
patient isn’t ready to learn, teaching won’t be effective.
5. EXTENT OF BEHAVIORAL CHANGES NEEDED – If the change is too hard, the patient
may feel discouraged.
6. LACK OF SUPPORT & POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT FROM THE NURSE & SIGNIFICANT
OTHERS– Without encouragement, patients may not follow advice.
7. DENIALS OF LEARNING NEEDS – Patients who deny they have a problem won’t accept
help.
8. THE INCONVENIENCE OF THE HEALTHCARE SYSTEM FRUSTRATES THE LEARNER – Long
wait times or poor service frustrate patients.
4. Discuss the historical development and concepts of Health Education.
Health education has changed a lot over the years. Before, it was just about sharing facts
aboutsickness and treatment. But now, it’s more about helping people learn how to live healthy
lives,prevent diseases, and make good health choices for themselves and their communities.
In 2001, the Joint Committee on Health Education and Promotion Terminology said
healtheducation is a planned way of teaching that helps people learn the right skills and
knowledge tomake smart health decisions.
The World Health Organization (WHO) adds that health education is all about giving
peoplelearning opportunities through communication. It helps people not only learn about
health but alsobuild life skills that can improve both their own health and the health of others.
The goal of health education is to change people’s behavior in a good way so they can stay
healthy.
It also helps them feel confident (self-efficacy) to make healthy choices in everyday life.
Health education is very important because:
1. It gives people the power to care for their own health.
2. It teaches people how to prevent sickness and stay well.
3. It spreads awareness about how important it is to take care of our health before problems
start.
In the Philippines, nurses are required by law (RA 9173 or the Philippine Nursing Act of 2002) to:
• Teach health to individuals, families, and communities
• Train and guide students in nursing
• Run health programs in places like clinics and hospitals
A health educator is someone who is trained to teach others about health and help create
healthprograms and systems that make life better. Their main job is to help others stay healthy
and safe.
In 1979, the Role Delineation Project was made to understand the job of health educators better.
Itshowed that they do many important tasks, which are grouped into 7 areas of responsibility:
1. Implement health education strategies, interventions and programs2. Administer health
education strategies, interventions and programs3. Conduct evaluation and research in relation
to health education
4. Serve as a health education resource person
5. Assess individual and community needs for health education6. Plan health education
strategies, interventions and programs7. Communicate and advocate for health and health
education
5. Identify and discuss any issues and trends in Health Education
1. Social Trends
• More elderly people need health education on preventing chronic diseases like
diabetes or heart disease.
2. Economic Trends
• Due to COVID-19, many people lost jobs, making it hard to afford healthcare and
education.
3. Political Trends
• Government leaders and hospital administrators now see the importance of health
education to reduce hospital costs and promote healthy living.
6. Identify and discuss at least one theory in health education.
Biopsychosocial Model
• Developed by Dr. George Engel in 1977
This model says that health is not only about the body (biological) but also involves the mind
(psychological) and social environment (social).
• Why it is important:
• Helps health professionals understand the full picture of a patient’s health.
• Encourages nurses to not just treat the illness, but also care for the emotional and
social needs of the patient.
