📘 Complete Machine Learning Roadmap
(Beginner-Friendly)
For absolute beginners who want to master Machine Learning from scratch with full theory,
math, and Python. Estimated time: 6 months to 2 years.
📗 Phase 1: Python Fundamentals (30 Days)
1.1 Python Basics
• Syntax and indentation
• Variables and data types
• Input and output
• Operators (Arithmetic, Logical, Comparison)
1.2 Control Structures
• If-else statements
• For and while loops
• Break and continue
1.3 Data Structures
• Lists, Tuples, Sets, Dictionaries
• Indexing and slicing
• Nested data structures
1.4 Functions & Modules
• Defining functions
• Built-in functions
• Lambda functions
• Importing and creating modules
1.5 File Handling
• Reading and writing files
• CSV file operations
1.6 Exception Handling
• Try, except, finally blocks
1.7 OOP Basics (Optional)
• Classes and objects
• __init__, self, constructors
📘 Phase 2: Math & Statistics for ML (45 Days)
2.1 Descriptive Statistics
• Mean, Median, Mode
• Variance and Standard Deviation
• Range, IQR, Percentiles
2.2 Probability Basics
• Sample space, events
• Conditional probability
• Bayes' theorem
2.3 Distributions
• Uniform distribution
• Normal distribution
• Binomial distribution
• Poisson distribution
2.4 Linear Algebra
• Scalars, Vectors, Matrices
• Matrix operations
• Dot product and cross product
• Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors
2.5 Calculus Basics
• Functions and limits
• Derivatives and gradients
• Chain rule (for backpropagation)
2.6 Statistical Inference
• Hypothesis testing
• P-value, z-score
• Confidence intervals
📊 Phase 3: Data Science Tools (40 Days)
3.1 NumPy
• Arrays vs Lists
• Creating arrays
• Indexing, slicing, reshaping
• Broadcasting
• Array math
• Aggregation: sum, mean, std
3.2 Pandas
• Series and DataFrames
• Reading/writing CSV/Excel
• Filtering
• Handling missing data
• GroupBy
• Merging and joining
3.3 Data Visualization
• Matplotlib: plot, scatter, bar, hist
• Seaborn: countplot, pairplot, heatmap
• Plot styling and themes
🤖 Phase 4: Core Machine Learning (60 Days)
4.1 ML Basics
• What is ML?
• Supervised vs Unsupervised
• Overfitting vs Underfitting
• Bias-variance tradeoff
4.2 Supervised Learning
• Linear Regression (MSE, Gradient Descent)
• Logistic Regression (Sigmoid)
• KNN
• Decision Trees
• Random Forests
• Naive Bayes
• SVM
4.3 Unsupervised Learning
• K-Means
• Hierarchical Clustering
• PCA (Dimensionality Reduction)
4.4 Model Evaluation
• Confusion Matrix
• Accuracy, Precision, Recall, F1
• ROC, AUC
• Cross-validation
4.5 Feature Engineering
• Feature scaling
• Encoding
• Selection techniques
4.6 Hyperparameter Tuning
• GridSearchCV
• RandomizedSearchCV
🧪 Phase 5: Projects and Practice (30–60 Days)
5.1 Mini Projects
• Titanic Survival Prediction
• House Price Prediction
• Spam Classifier
• Customer Segmentation
5.2 Kaggle Practice
• Explore beginner datasets
• Submit predictions
• Learn from notebooks
📈 Phase 6: Advanced Machine Learning (30 Days)
6.1 Ensemble Models
• Bagging, Boosting
• XGBoost
• LightGBM
• CatBoost
6.2 Pipelines
• ColumnTransformer
• Pipeline()
• Custom transformers
6.3 Handling Imbalanced Data
• SMOTE
• Class weights
6.4 Model Interpretability
• SHAP
• LIME
🧠 Phase 7: Intro to Deep Learning (30 Days)
7.1 Neural Network Basics
• Neurons and layers
• Activation functions
• Forward/backward pass
7.2 TensorFlow & Keras
• Dense layers
• Model.compile()
• Model.fit()
7.3 Projects
• MNIST Digit Classifier
• Image Classification (CIFAR-10)
