XII PHYSICS (IMPORTANT QUESTIONS)

CHAPTER-1

SECTION- A (1 MARK)
1. The amount of work done in moving a charge from one point to another along an
equipotential line or surface charge is
a. Zero b. Infinity c. One d. Two

2. The potential difference between two points is given by

a. V = E / Q b. V = W / Q c. V = Q / E d. V = Q / W

3. “Total electric flux through any closed surface is equal to the charge enclosed by that
surface”. This is
a. Lenz’s law b. Gauss’s law c. Maxwell’s law d. Faraday’s law

4. When a Piece of Polythene is rubbed with wool, a charge of –2 x 10-7 C is developed on

polythene. The mass transferred to polythene is ..... kg.
(A) 11x10-19 (B) 5.69 10-19 (C) 2.25x10-19 (D) 9.63x10-19

5. A copper sphere of mass 2 gm contains about 2 x 1022 atoms. The charge on the nucleus
of each atom is 29e. The fraction of electrons removed.
(A) 2 x 10-10 (B) 1.19x10-12 (C) 1.25x10-11 (D) 2.16x10-11

6. Two small conducting sphere of equal radius have charges +1μc and – 2μc
respectively
and placed at a distance d from each other experience force F1. If they are brought in contact
and separated to the same distance, they experience force F2. The ratio of F1 to F2 is ..........

(A) –8 : 1 (B) 1 : 2 (C) 1 : 8 (D) –2 : 1

7. The position of the charge inside the enclosing surface is changed in such a way that the
total charge remains constant. Then the total normal electric flux through the enclosing
surface:
(a) increases (b) decreases (c) changes erratically (d) Remains
unchanged.

8. The force between two charges is 120 N. If the distance between the charges is doubled,
the force will be
(a) 60 N (b) 30 N (c) 40 N (d) 15 N

9. The electric field intensity at a point situated 4 meters from a point charge is 200 N/C. If
the distance is reduced to 2 meters, the field intensity will be
(a) 400 N/C (b) 600 N/C (c) 800 N/C (d) 1200 N/C

10. The intensity of the electric field at any point on the surface of a charged conductor is
(a). zero (b). perpendicular to surface (c). tangential to surface (d).
infinite

11. The force experienced by a unit positive test charge placed at a point is called

(a).The magnetic field at that point (b) The gravitational field at that
point

(c) The electrical field at that point (d) The nuclear field at that point

12. A spherical conductors of radius 2 cm are uniformly charged with 3 nC. What is the
electric field at a distance of 3 cm from the centre of the sphere?

(a) 3x106 V m-1 (b) 3 V m-1 (c) 3x104 V m-1 (d) 3x10-4 V m-1

13. In an experiment, three microscopic latex spheres are sprayed into a chamber and
become charged with charges +3e,+5e , and −3 e respectively. All three spheres came in
contact simultaneously for a moment and got separated. Which one of the following are
possible values for the final charge on the spheres?

(a) +5e,−4e,+5e (b) +6e,+6e,−7e (c) −4e,+3.5e,+5.5e (d) +5e ,−8e,+7e

14. Two parallel large thin metal sheets have equal surface charge densities (σ = 26.4 x 10-
12
C/m2) of opposite signs. The electric field between these sheets is
(a) 1.5 N/C (b) 1.5 x 10-10 N/C (c) 3 N/C (d) 3 x 10-10 N/C

15.A point charge situated at a distance ' r ' from a short electric dipole on its axis,
experience a force F. If the distance of the charge is ' 2r ', the force on the charge will be:

(a) F/16 (b) F/8 (c) F/4 (d) F/2

16. An electric dipole is placed at an angle of 30o with an electric field intensity 2×105 N/C. It
experiences a torque equal to 4 Nm. The charge on the dipole, if the dipole length is 2 cm, is :

(a) 7Μc (b) 8mC (c) 2mC (d) 5μC

17. A The magnitude of the electric field due to a point charge object at a distance of 4.0 m
is 9 N/C. From the same charged object the electric field of magnitude, 16N/C will be at a
distance of

(a) 1 m (b)2 m (c)3 m (d) 6 m

18. A square sheet of side a is lying parallel to XY-plane at z=a. The electric field in the
region is E=cz2k. The electric flux through the sheet is
(a) a4c (b) 1/3a3c (c) 1/3a4c (d) 0
19. Which statement is true for Gauss law-
(a) All the charges whether inside or outside the Gaussian surface contribute to the electric flux.
(b) Electric flux depends upon the geometry of the Gaussian surface.
(c) Gauss theorem can be applied to non-uniform electric field.
(d) The electric field over the Gaussian surface remains continuous and uniform at every point.

20. A point charge +q is placed at a distance d from an isolated conducting plane. The field at a
point P on the other side of the plane is:
(a) directed perpendicular to the plane but towards the plane (b) directed radially away from the
point charges
(c) directed radially towards the point charge (d) directed perpendicular to the plane and away
from the plane

For these Questions two statements are given –one labelled Assertion (A) and other
labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the options as
given below.
a) If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is correct explanation of Assertion.
b) If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of
Assertion.
c) If Assertion is true but Reason is false.
d) If both Assertion and Reason are false.
1. Assertion: When a conductor is placed in an external electrostatic field, the net electric
field inside the conductor becomes zero after a small instant of time.
Reason: It is not possible to set up an electric field inside a conductor.

2. Assertion: When bodies are charged through friction, there is a transfer of electric charge
from one body to another, but no creation or destruction of charge.
Reason: This follows from conservation of electric charges.

3. Assertion: On disturbing an electric dipole in stable equilibrium in an electric field, it

returns back to its stable equilibrium orientation.
Reason: A restoring torque acts on the dipole on being disturbed from its stable
equilibrium.

4. Assertion: A small metal ball is suspended in a uniform electric field with an insulated
thread. If high energy X-ray beam falls on the ball, the ball will be deflected in the electric
field.
Reason: X-rays emits photoelectron and metal becomes negatively charged.

5. Assertion: All the charge in a conductor gets distributed on whole of its outer surface.
Reason: In a dynamic system, charges try to keep their potential energy minimum.

6. Assertion : Total flux through a closed surface is zero if no charge is enclosed by the
surface.
Reason : Gauss law is true for any closed surface, no matter what its shape or size is.

7. Assertion: Electron move away from a region of higher potential to a region of lower
potential.
Reason: An electron has a negative charge.
8. Assertion: Surface charge density of an irregularly shaped conductor is non-uniform.
Reason: Surface density is defined as charge per unit area.

1. A positively charged rod having uniform linear charge density 𝜆 C/m all over it, is placed
SECTION- B ( 2 MARKS)

in a hypothetical cube of edge l with the centre of the cube at one end of the rod. Find the
minimum possible flux of the electric field through the entire surface of the cube.

2.What is the force between two small charged spheres having charges of 2 × 10−7 C and 3 ×
10−7 C placed 30 cm apart in air?

3. A system has two charges qA = 2.5 × 10−7 C and qB = −2.5 × 10−7 C located at points A: (0,
0, − 15 cm) and B: (0, 0, + 15 cm), respectively. What are the total charge and electric dipole
moment of the system?

4.An electric dipole with dipole moment 4 × 10−9 C m is aligned at 30° with the direction of a
uniform electric field of magnitude 5 × 104 N C−1. Calculate the magnitude of the torque
acting on the dipole.

5. Two insulated charged copper spheres A and B have their centers separated by a distance of 50 cm.
What is the mutual force of electrostatic repulsion if the charge on each is 6.5 × 10 −7 C? The radii of A
and B are negligible compared to the distance of separation.

6. Two identical point charges ,q each , are kept 2 m apart in air. A third pint charges Q of
unknown magnitude and sign is placed on the line joining the charges such that the system
remains in equilibrium. Find the position and nature of Q.

7. A point charge +10 μC is a distance 5 cm directly above the center of a square of side 10 cm, as
shown in fig. What is the magnitude of the electric flux through the square? (Hint: Think of the square
as one face of a cube with edge 10 cm.)

8.Given a uniform electric field E=5×103i N/C. Find the flux of this field through a square
of 10 cm on a side whose plane is parallel to the y−z plane. What would be the flux through
the same square if the plane makes a 30∘ angle with the x-axis?

9. Two large parallel plane sheets have uniform charge densities + σ and − σ . 𝜎 and - 𝜎 .
Determine the electric field (i) between the sheets, and (ii) outside the sheets.
10. Four point charges Q,q,Q and q are placed at the corners of a square of side ′a′ as shown in the figure.
Find the resultant electric force on a charge Q.

11. Three point charges q,−4q and 2q are placed at the vertices of an equilateral triangle ABC of side
the figure. Obtain the expression for the magnitude of the resultant electric force acting on the charge

12. Two point charges q1 = +1μC and q2 = +4 μc are placed 2 m apart in air. At what distance from q1 along
the line joining the two charges, will the net electric field is zero?

13. An electric field is uniform, and in the positive x-direction for positive x, and uniform with the same

→ E = − 200 ˆ i N / C 𝐸 → = 200 𝑖 ^ 𝑁 / 𝐶 𝑓 or 𝑥 > 0 and 𝐸 → = - 200 𝑖 ^ 𝑁 / 𝐶 for x gt 0. A right

magnitude , but in the negative x-direction for negative x. It is given that → E = 200 ˆ i N / C f or x > 0 and

that one face is at x = + 10 c m 𝑥 = + 10 𝑐 𝑚 and the other is at x = − 10 c m 𝑥 = - 10 𝑐 𝑚

circular cylinder of length 20 cm and raidus 5cm has its center at the origin and its axis along the x-axis so

net outward flux through the side of the cylinder? (b) What is the net outward flux through the cylinder ? (c)
what is net charge inside the cylinder ?

14. An electric dipole of length 2 cm, when placed with its axis making an angle of 60o with a uniform electric field
105 N /C. If it experiences a torque of 8√ 3 Nm. Calculate the potential energy of the dipole and charge.

15. Two charges 5 × 10−8 C and −3 × 10−8 C are located 16 cm apart. At what point(s) on the line joining
the two charges is the electric potential zero?

SECTION- C (3 MARKS EACH)

1. Two point charges qA = 3 μC and qB= –3 μC are located 20 cm apart in a vacuum.
(i) What is the electric field at the midpoint O of the line AB joining the two charges?
(ii) If a negative test charge of magnitude 1.5 × 10-9 C is placed at this point, what is the force experienced
by the test charge?
2. (i) Two insulated charged copper spheres A and B have their centres separated by a distance of 50 cm.
What is the mutual force of electrostatic repulsion if the charge on each is 6.5 x 10 -7 C each? The radii of
A and B are negligible compared to the distance of separation.
(ii) What is the force of repulsion if each sphere is charged double the above amount, and the distance
between them is halved?
3. Consider a uniform electric field E = 3 × 103 î N/C.
(a) What is the flux of this field through a square of 10 cm on a side whose plane is parallel to yz plane?
(b) What is the flux through the same square if the normal to its plane makes a 60 ° angle with the x-axis?

4. An oil drop of 12 excess electrons is held stationary under a constant electric field of 2.55 × 10
(Millikan’s oil drop experiment). The density of the oil is 1.26 g cm–3. Estimate the radius of the drop. (g
= 9.81 m s–2; e = 1.60 × 10-1 C)
5. An electric dipole with dipole moment 4x 10-9 C-M aligned at 300 with direction of a uniform electric
field of magnitude 5x104 N/C. Calculate the magnitude of the torque acting on the dipole.

6. State and prove Superposition principle in electrostatics.

7. An electric dipole when held at300 with respect to a uniform electric field of 104 N/C experiences a
torque 9x of 10-26 N-M. Calculate dipole moment of the dipole?

8. Careful measurement of the electric field at the surface of a black box indicates that the net outward
flux through the surface of the box is 8.0 × 103 N m2/C. (a) What is the net charge inside the box? (b) If
the net outward flux through the surface of the box were zero, could you conclude that there were no
charges inside the box? Why or Why not?

9. A conducting sphere of radius 10 cm has an unknown charge. If the electric field 20 cm from the centre
of the sphere is 1.5 × 103 N/C and points radially inward, what is the net charge on the sphere?

10. A point charge causes an electric flux of −1.0 × 103 Nm2/C to pass through a spherical Gaussian
surface of 10.0 cm radius centered on the charge. (a) If the radius of the Gaussian surface were doubled,
how much flux would pass through the surface? (b) What is the value of the point charge?

11. State Gauss's law in electrostatics. A cube with each side ′′a′ is placed in a uniform electric field
E = C x r, directed towards x-axis. Find out
(i) The electric flux through the cube, and (ii) The net charge inside the cube.
12. State Gauss's law in electrostatics. A hollow cylindrical box of length 1m and area of cross
section 25cm2 is placed in a three dimensional co-ordinate system as shown in Fig, The electric field in
the region is given by E=50xi^ , where E is in NC-1 and x is in meter. Find
(i) Net flux through the cylinder (ii) Charge enclosed by the cylinder.

13. Two large charged plane sheets of charge densities σ and -2σ C/m2 are arranged vertically with a
separation of d between them. Deduce expression for the electric field at points (i) to the left of the first
sheet, (ii) to the right of the second sheet, and (iii) between the two sheets.

14. A hollow conducting sphere of inner radius r1 and outer radius r2 has a charge Q on its surface.
point charge −q is also placed at the centre of the sphere. (a) What is the surface charge density on the (i)
inner and (ii) outer surface of the sphere? (b) Use Gauss' law of electrostatics to obtain the expression for
the electric field at a point lying outside the sphere.

15. Derive an expression for the electric field E due to a dipole of length ‘2a’ at a point distant r from the
centre of the dipole on the axial line.

straight wire of linear charge density 𝜆 by use of Gauss theorem in electrostatics.

16. Derive an expression of electric field intensity due to an infinitely long, thin, uniformly charged

17. Derive an expression for the electric field E due to a dipole of length ‘2a’ at a point distant r from the
centre of the dipole on the equatorial line.

18. Use Gauss’s theorem to find the electric field due to a uniformly charged infinitely large plane thin
sheet with surface charge density σ .
 SECTION-D
1. Case Study-A charge is a property associated with the matter due to which it experiences and produces
an electric and magnetic field. Charges are scalar in nature and they add up like real number. Also, the
total charge of an isolated system is always conserved. When the objects rub against each other charges
acquired by them must be equal and opposite.

(i) The cause of a charging is:

(a) the actual transfer of protons. (b) the actual transfer of electrons.
(c) the actual transfer of neutrons. (d) none the above

(ii) Pick the correct statement.

(a) The glass rod gives protons to silk when they are rubbed against each other.
(b) The glass rod gives electrons to silk when they are rubbed against each other.
(c) The glass rod gains protons from silk when they are rubbed against each other.
(d) The glass rod gains electrons when they are rubbed against each other.
(iii) If two electrons are each 1.5 × 10–10 m from a proton, the magnitude of the net electric force they will
exert on the proton is

(a) 1.97 × 10–8 N (b) 2.73 × 10–8 N

(c) 3.83 × 10–8 N (d) 4.63 × 10–8 N

(iv) A charge is a property associated with the matter due to which it produces and experiences:
(a) electric effects only (b) magnetic effects only
(c) both electric and magnetic effects (d) none of these.

2.Case Study-Surface Charge Density. Surface charge density is defined as the charge per unit surface
area the surface (Arial) charge symmetric distribution and follow Gauss law of electro statics
mathematical term of surface charge density σ=ΔQ/ΔS

Two large thin metal plates are parallel and close to each other. On their inner faces, the plates have
surface charge densities of opposite sign (± s). Having magnitude 8.8 × 10–12 cm–2 as shown here. The
intensity of electrified at a point is E =σ/ε0 and flux is Φ=E.ΔS, where ΔS = 1 m2 (unit arial plate)

(i) E in the outer region (I) of the first (A) plate is

(a) 1.7 × 10–22 N/C (b) 1.1 × 10–12 V/m (c) Zero (d) Insufficient data

(ii) E in the outer region (III) of the second plate (B) is

(a) 1 N/C (b) 0.1 V/m (c) 0.5 N/C (d) zero

(iii) E between (II) the plate is

(a) 1 N/C (b) 0.1 V/m (c) 0.5 N/C (d) None of these

(iv) The ratio of E from left side of plate A at distance 1 cm and 2 m respectively is
(a) 1 : 2 (b) 10 : 2 (c) 1 : 1 (d) 20 : 1

3. CASE STUDY: When electric dipole is placed in uniform electric field, its two charges
experience equal and opposite forces, which cancel each other and hence net force on
electric dipole in uniform electric field is zero. However these forces are not collinear, so
they give rise to some torque on the dipole. Since net force on electric dipole in uniform
electric field is zero, so no work is done in moving the electric dipole in uniform electric
field. However some work is done in rotating the dipole against the torque acting on it.

(i) The dipole moment of a dipole in a uniform external field Ē is B. Then the torque τ acting on the dipole
is
(a) τ=p x E (b) τ = P. Ē (c) τ = 2(p + Ē) (d) τ = (P + E)

(ii) An electric dipole consists of two opposite charges, each of magnitude 1.0 μC separated by a distance
of 2.0 cm. The dipole is placed in an external field of 105 NC-1. The maximum torque on the dipole is
(a) 0.2 x 10-3 Nm (b) 1x 10-3 Nm (c) 2 x 10-3 Nm (d) 4x 10-3 Nm

(iii) Torque on a dipole in uniform electric field is minimum when θ is equal to

(a) 0° (b) 90° (c) 180° (d) Both (a) and (c)

(iv) When an electric dipole is held at an angle in a uniform electric field, the net force F and torque τ on
the dipole are
(a) F= 0, τ = 0 (b) F≠0, τ≠0 (c) F=0, τ ≠ 0 (d) F≠0, τ=0

(v) An electric dipole of moment p is placed in an electric field of intensity E. The dipole acquires a
position such that the axis of the dipole makes an angle with the direction of the field. Assuming that
potential energy of the dipole to be zero when 0 = 90°, the torque and the potential energy of the dipole
willbe respectively
(a) pEsinθ, -pEcosθ (b) pEsinθ, -2pEcos (c) pEsinθ, 2pEcosθ (d) pEcosθ, – pEsinθ

SECTION-E (3+2 MARKS)

1. (a) Derive an expression for the electric field E due to a dipole of length ‘2a’ at a point distant r from
the centre of the dipole on the axial line.
(b) An electric field is uniform and acts along + x direction in the region of positive x. It is also uniform
with the same magnitude but acts in – x direction in the region of negative x. The value of the field is E =
200 N/C for x > 0 and E = – 200 N/C for x < 0. A right circular cylinder of length 20 cm and radius 5 cm
has its centre at the origin and its axis along the x-axis so that one flat face is at x = + 10 cm and the other
is at x = – 10 cm. Find :
(i) The net outward flux through the cylinder.
(ii) The net charge present inside the cylinder.
 straight wire of linear charge density 𝜆 by use of Gauss theorem in electrostatics.
2. (a) Derive an expression of electric field intensity due to an infinitely long, thin, uniformly charged

(b) Consider a uniform electric field E = 3 × 103 î N/C. (a) What is the flux of this field through a square
of 10 cm on a side whose plane is parallel to the y z – plane? (b) What is the flux through the same square
if the normal to its plane makes a 60 ° angle with the x-axis?

3.(a) Derive an expression for the electric field E due to a dipole of length ‘2a’ at a point distant r from the
centre of the dipole on the equatorial line

(b) An oil drop of 12 excess electrons is held stationary under a constant electric field of 2.55 × 10 4 N/C (Millikan’s
oil drop experiment). The density of the oil is 1.26 g cm–3. Estimate the radius of the drop. (g = 9.81 m s–2; e = 1.60
× 10-1 C)

4.(a) Use Gauss’s theorem to find the electric field due to a uniformly charged infinitely large plane thin
sheet with surface charge density σ .

(b)Given a uniform electric field E=5×103i N/C. Find the flux of this field through a square of
side whose plane is parallel to the y−z plane. What would be the flux through the same square if the plane
makes a 30∘ angle with the x-axis?

5.(a) (i) Using Gauss Theorem shows mathematically that for any point outside the shell, the field due to a
uniformly charged spherical shell is the same as the entire charge on the shell, is concentrated at the
centre.
(ii) Why do you expect the electric field inside the shell to be zero according to this theorem?

(b) An electric dipole with dipole moment 4 × 10−9 C m is aligned at 30° with the direction of a uniform
electric field of magnitude 5 × 104 N C−1. Calculate the magnitude of the torque acting on the dipole.

6 (a). (i) Define electric flux. Write its SI units.

(ii) Using Gauss's law, prove that the electric field at a point due to a uniformly charged infinite plane sheet is
independent of the distance from it.

(b) Three point electric charges +q each are kept at the vertices of an equilateral triangle of side a.
Determine the magnitude and sign of the charge to be kept at the centroid of the triangle so that the
charges at the vertices remain in equilibrium.