Challenges of Big Data
1- Sheer volume of data
Every day, it is estimated that 2.5 quintillion bytes of data are created, and
guess what? Most of this data is generated by various types of enterprises. As
a result, the organization now faces new challenges in terms of obtaining,
maintaining, and generating value from data.
Typically, when there is a large volume of data, challenges such as data
categorization , raw data processing, data accuracy, and so on arise.
2- Data silos
A data silo is a collection of data held by one group that is not easily or fully
accessible by other groups in the same organization. Finance, administration,
HR, marketing teams, and other departments need different information to do
their work.
Having this much data storage poses a significant barrier that must be
addressed appropriately to evaluate and handle it.
When data is kept in separate siloed systems, it is difficult to identify and
consolidate in a universal data platform to speed up data-driven choices.
3- Data quality
Data quality is one of the most critical big data problems confronting many
companies today. Most businesses utilize a database to update information,
however maintaining data quality becomes difficult while processing or
recording information.
Data saved in your systems, like any other resource, may be out of date,
incorrect, or malfunctioning. Making judgments based on this sort of data
might result in your firm losing a lot of money every year.
4- Lack of processes and systems
When big data is gathered from many sources, inconsistency in the data is
unavoidable. Inadequate big data processes and systems contribute to
inaccurate data. As a result of the insufficient amount of data, the data is of
poor quality and does not fulfill the criteria.
5- Data integration
This is one of the most common big data problems and pain points.
The ultimate purpose of having quality ready data is to have it available for
further analysis and processing by other business intelligence tools to deliver
it to senior management for more informed decision making.
The ability to effortlessly integrate this data with the many tools available will
simplify your life and help you speed up the processing step.
Challenges of data storage management :
• Distributed systems. Organizations have always struggled against storage
siloes, which can lead to underutilized resources and fuel conflicting interests
among teams.
• System complexity.
• Remote and distributed workloads.
• Implementing new technologies.
• Data management.
Challenges of data processing:
Storage
With vast amounts of data generated daily, the greatest challenge is storage (especially when the
data is in different formats) within legacy systems. Unstructured data cannot be stored in traditional
databases.
Processing
Processing big data refers to the reading, transforming, extraction, and formatting of useful
information from raw information. The input and output of information in unified formats continue
to present difficulties.
Security
Security is a big concern for organizations. Non-encrypted information is at risk of theft or damage
by cyber-criminals. Therefore, data security professionals must balance access to data against
maintaining strict security protocols.
Finding and Fixing Data Quality Issues
Many of you are probably dealing with challenges related to poor data quality, but solutions are
available. The following are four approaches to fixing data problems:
• Correct information in the original database.
• Repairing the original data source is necessary to resolve any data inaccuracies.
• You must use highly accurate methods of determining who someone is.
Scaling Big Data Systems
Database sharding, memory caching, moving to the cloud and separating read-only and write-
active databases are all effective scaling methods. While each one of those approaches is
fantastic on its own, combining them will lead you to the next level.
Evaluating and Selecting Big Data Technologies
Companies are spending millions on new big data technologies, and the market for such tools is
expanding rapidly. In recent years, however, the IT industry has caught on to big data and
analytics potential. The trending technologies include the following:
• Hadoop Ecosystem
• Apache Spark
• NoSQL Databases
• R Software
• Predictive Analytics
• Prescriptive Analytics
Big Data Environments
In an extensive data set, data is constantly being ingested from various sources, making it more
dynamic than a data warehouse. The people in charge of the big data environment will fast forget
where and what each data collection came from.
Real-Time Insights
The term "real-time analytics" describes the practice of performing analyses on data as a system
is collecting it. Decisions may be made more efficiently and with more accurate information
thanks to real-time analytics tools, which use logic and mathematics to deliver insights on this
data quickly.
Data Validation
Before using data in a business process, its integrity, accuracy, and structure must be validated.
The output of a data validation procedure can be used for further analysis, BI, or even to train a
machine learning model.
Challenges of Big Data Visualization
Other issues with massive data visualization include:
• Distracting visuals; the majority of the elements are too close together. They are
inseparable on the screen and cannot be separated by the user.
• Reducing the publicly available data can be helpful; however, it also results in
data loss.
• Rapidly shifting visuals make it impossible for viewers to keep up with the action
on screen.
Security Management Challenges
The term "big data security" is used to describe the use of all available safeguards
about data and analytics procedures. Both online and physical threats, including data
theft, denial-of-service assaults, ransomware, and other malicious activities, can bring
down an extensive data system.
Cloud Security Governance Challenges
It consists of a collection of regulations that must be followed. Specific guidelines or
rules are applied to the utilization of IT resources. The model focuses on making
remote applications and data as secure as possible.
Some of the challenges are below mentioned:
• Methods for Evaluating and Improving Performance
• Governance/Control
• Managing Expenses
Introduction to distributed computing and parallel
processing
Both parallel and distributed computing have been around for a long time and both
have contributed greatly to the improvement of computing processes. However, they
have key differences in their primary function.
Parallel computing, also known as parallel processing, speeds up a computational
task by dividing it into smaller jobs across multiple processors inside one computer.
Distributed computing, on the other hand, uses a distributed system, such as the
internet, to increase the available computing power and enable larger, more complex
tasks to be executed across multiple machines.
Parallel computing
Parallel computing is the process of performing computational tasks across multiple
processors at once to improve computing speed and efficiency. It divides tasks into
sub-tasks and executes them simultaneously through different processors.
There are three main types, or “levels,” of parallel computing: bit, instruction, and
task.
• Bit-level parallelism: Uses larger “words,” which is a fixed-sized piece of
data handled as a unit by the instruction set or the hardware of the processor,
to reduce the number of instructions the processor needs to perform an
operation.
• Instruction-level parallelism: Employs a stream of instructions to allow
processors to execute more than one instruction per clock cycle (the
oscillation between high and low states within a digital circuit).
• Task-level parallelism: Runs computer code across multiple processors to
run multiple tasks at the same time on the same data.
Examples : Bitcoin , IoT
Distributed Computing
Distributed computing is the process of connecting multiple computers via a local
network or wide area network so that they can act together as a single ultra-powerful
computer capable of performing computations that no single computer within the
network would be able to perform on its own.
Distributed computers offer two key advantages:
• Easy scalability: Just add more computers to expand the system.
• Redundancy: Since many different machines are providing the same service,
that service can keep running even if one (or more) of the computers goes
down.
Example : Spark, Telephone and cellular networks
