A board foot is equal to cubic inch in units of wood.

1 board foot = 1in x 1ft x 1ft

Example: How many boardfeet is 2in x 12in x 6ft?

Computation: 2in x 12in/12 x 6ft = 12bdft
Doors &
Windows

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DTMadrid
Table of
Content
• Definition of terms
• Kinds of doors and materials
• Common parts of a door
• Kinds of windows and materials
• Common parts of a window
• Glass and Glazing
Doors Entry
First
impression of
a space

A single or series of panel barriers used to

cover an opening in a wall or partition to
provide entry or exit into a building or
space.

FUNCTIONS Exit
• Access and security Leaves lasting
• Light and ventilation impression
• Effective cooling and/or heating
• Stop entry of sound and provides privacy
• Aesthetics of a structure
Standards
• Number of ingress/ egress are regulated by
building codes
NBC 45 m w/o FSS, 60 with FSS
FCP 46 m w/o FSS, 61 with FSS
• Preferred location is in the corner of a room
approximately 20cm from the corner
• Common heights range from 2.0 to 2.2
meters.
• Widths differ according to location
Main door - at least 0.90m
Interior door - at least 0.75 to 0.80 m
Bathroom doors - at least 0.60m
PWD – at least 0.80m
 Classification according to
Material

Material choice depends on cost, use and taste.

Wood Metal Glass PVC

 WOOD
• Easy to install and always available • FLUSH DOORS: hollow core or solid core
• Usually used as interior doors or main • PANEL DOOR: solid doors
doors when there is a foyer • Many designs and installation options
• Provides sound proofing available

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Flush Doors
A. Hollow core doors
• Plywood exterior with a cardboard
honeycomb center or none
• Lower fire rating and insulation
• Lightweight but may easily be damaged
• Least expensive and may be used as closet
doors

B. Solid core doors

• Plywood exterior with solid centers made
of particle wood or fiber core
• Higher fire rating but more expensive than
hollow core doors

WOOD DOORS
Panel Doors
• Made from solid panels of wood
• Often made of hardwood
• Assembled with rails, stiles, and panels for
their construction.
• Heavy, solid, and extremely durable
• Excellent insulators and sound dampers
• More expensive than hollow core and solid
core doors
• Easily cut and refurbished

WOOD DOORS
Source: Pinterest Source: Agi Pagkatipunan FB page
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Glass Doors
Modern feel
Provides less privacy
Heavier than wood doors
Uses regular or tempered glass
Gives unobstructed view of the outside

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Glass Doors
May be frameless or framed in
aluminum, pvc or wood

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Steel Doors
• Sturdy
• High fire rating

A. Hollow Steel Door

1. Standard Duty – 20 gauge steel face panel
2. Heavy Duty – 18 gauge steel face panel
3.Extra heavy duty – 16 gauge steel face panel

B. Fire Door
• Usually 1 ¾ in thick consisting of sheet-metal facing
• Panels may be made of cement asbestos board with
metal facing glued to the core
 Steel Doors
Special Purpose Steel Doors

Roll up Door Pivoted Overhead Door Service Door

PVC Doors
• Hollow core
• Lightweight
• Termite proof, anti corrosive
• Various thickness and design
• Commonly used as toilet doors
• Breaks easily
• Interior may house insects
 Classification according to
Performance of Shutter

Choice depends on use, maintenance, cost and available

hardware

Swing Sliding Revolving Folding Collapsible

 Swing Door
• Consists of a single wood panel hinged
to a door frame on one side and swings
to open
• May be classed as left hand (hinges set
on the left) or right hand (hinges set on
the right)
• Bevel indicates the direction of the swing

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 Swing Door
Kinds:
a. Double acting door - swings both ways
b. Double door - consists of two doors on
opposite sides of the doorway
c. Dutch Door - Top and bottom half are
cut and swing independent of each other
d. Louver door - consists of horizontal
wood slats within a stile and a frame

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 Our Data

Sliding Door

a. Horizontal sliding door

- Usually hung on overhead tracks

b. Pocket sliding door

- Consists of one moving panel which
slides into a pocket built into the wall

Sliding doors are most unobtrusive among

doors.
 Sliding Door

c. Bypass sliding door - composed on two or

more doors hung on parallel tracks

d. Sliding glass door - glass panels with tracks

under and above the doors

Sliding doors are most unobtrusive among

doors.
 Folding Doors
Kinds:
a. Accordion door - series of inner vertical
rods with double hinges at the top and
bottom

b. Bifold door – leaves are attached to the

carrier at alternate corners

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 Revolving Doors
• Set consists of 4 wings/leaves that hang on a center shaft and rotate one way about a
vertical axis within a round enclosure.

• The central shaft is fitted with a ball bearing arrangement at the bottom, which allows
the shutters to move without any jerk and noise.

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• Consists of vertical double channels joint together with the hollows on the inside to create a
vertical gap
• Channels are spaced at 100-120mm apart and braced with diagonal iron flats which allow the
shutter to open or close
• Shutter operates between 2 rails, one fixed to the floor and the other to the lintel
• Rollers are mounted at the top and the bottom

Collapsible Doors

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Door Symbols
Standards
Standards
Standards
Standards
Standards
Standards
Parts of a Door
Top rail – Horizontal piece that sits across the very top of
the door.

Freeze rail - Similar to the top rail, except it sits horizontally

across the next divide down between the panels on the
door. This is often at eye height and not all doors have a
cross rail. This is sometimes known as cross rail.

Middle rail – Sits horizontally across the middle of the door.

Not all doors have a middle rail.

Bottom rail – Sits horizontally across the very bottom of the

door.

Stiles – Collective name for the vertical components that sit

on the outside edge of a door.

Lock stile – Vertical edge of the door which sits on the

opposite side of the door to the hinges, and contains the
lock or
latch.
Panel – The panels, which may be timber or glass, are what
fill the frame formed by the stiles and rails of a door.

Top mullion - This is the vertical element of the door that

forms a division between different panels at the very top of
a door. This is sometimes known as first mullion.

Mid mullion - This is the vertical element that forms a

division
between panels in the area directly below the top mullion.
This is sometimes known as second mullion.

Lower mullion - This is the vertical element that forms a

division
between panels in the area directly below the mid mullion.
This is sometimes known as third mullion.

Moulding – This is decorative detailing that can be used

around the edge of the door stiles, rails and mullions. It may
be simple or highly decorative, such as crown moulding.
 Parts of a Door Frame
Head – The head is the part of the door frame that sits
horizontally
to form the top of the frame.

Legs/Jambs – These are the terms commonly used to refer to the

vertical components that form the sides of the door frame.

Stops – The stops are what the door rests against when closed,
and are an integral part of the frame. In the case of door linings
these are thin strips of wood that are mounted along the length
of the jambs and head, to serve the same purpose.

Architrave - This refers to the decorative moulding on the outer

most edge of the door frame or lining.

Cill or threshold – This is the bottom portion of an exterior door

frame, and is used internally when transitioning from one floor
covering to another.
Door Hardware
Key Lock - Comes in many designs. The basic two types are cylinder
lock, which moves the bolt by rotating a cylinder, and the multi-point
lock, which has several locking points but only one handle.

Door Knob - The mechanism used to open and close the door. And
comes in a variety of materials such as antique brass, rubbed bronze
and satin nickel.

Hinge - The jointed device that pivots the door panel. Kinds include
barrel hinges, pivot hinges, and concealed hinges.

Foot bolt – A type of lock installed at the bottom of the door and is
operated with your foot.

Door closer - A mechanism installed on top of a swinging door to

automatically close it
Windows

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Definition
• Defined as an opening in an external wall of a
building to admit light and air if not closed;
• An entire assembly consisting of a window frame,
its glazing and operable elements
• Original term ‘vindauga’ was derived from a
combination of words:
Old Norse word for wind ‘vinr’
Word for eye ‘auga’
• Eye of the house through which wind passes
 Functions
Maintains internal environment conditions
Provides light and ventilation in an enclosed space
Provides security to an enclosure from external elements
Adds to a building’s aesthetic value

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 Factors for
Consideration
Climate -different types of opening suites
different climate conditions like heavy rain,
snow or strong wind
Orientation - position of structures relative to
natural elements affect window design like
minimizing exposure to direct sunlight
Architectural design - architectural themes
require different window styles
Design wise, top of windows is usually same
level as top of door
 Factors for
Consideration
View- Access to good views or providing barrier
to unsightly ones are facilitated by window
treatments
Security and safety - window designs provide
protection to living beings within the structure
and those outside
Kinds of Windows
Casement window
Sliding window
Fixed window
Double hung window
Pivoted window
Louvered window
Jalousie window
Awning window
Hopper window
Bay window
Clerestory
Dormer window
Skylight
Fanlight
Casement

• Consists of two or more sashes

that swing in or out
• Allows less obstructed view and
ventilation
• Attached to the window frame by
hinges
• Lockable
Sliding

• Consists of two or more panes with

one pane sliding over the other
with rollers attached on the top and
bottom
• Gives less access to ventilation as
one part is usually closed
Fixed

• Immovable panes
• Affords good view but no
ventilation
• Glass or other transparent material
Double or Single
Hung • Consists of two panels that
slide vertically in tracks
called stiles

• Air flow is limited to half

the size of the window
Pivoted
• Consists of a sash
rotating on fixed
vertical or horizontal
pivots as differentiated
from sash fixed on
hinges on the side
Louvered
• Consists of fixed
horizontal slats
• Provides privacy but less
view to the outside
• Provides ventilation but
not much view
• Used for ventilation of
mechanical rooms
Jalousie
• Consists of horizontal slats of metal,
glass or wood, like louvered windows
• Not fixed and may be closed and
opened by a lever or a movable
adjustment mechanism
Awning
• Consists of out swinging panel/s
hinged at the top and opens
outward
• Can give the impression of fixed
window
• Common for bathrooms
Hopper
• Similar to awning windows but hinged at
the bottom
• Opens downward and inward, thus blocks
objects from getting inside the building
• Commonly installed as a bathroom or
basement window
• Opened with a crank or hinge
Bay Window
• A combination of three or more windows
which angle out beyond an exterior wall in
a square, hexagonal or octagonal shape
• Overall structure consists of a picture
window with two other windows, usually
smaller, on either side
• Etymology: From French "baee," which
means opening or hole
Clerestory
Window
• Row of windows above eye level
• Favorite of religious structures for
ambient light
• Allows for more wall space

Dormer Window
• A structural element in a building
constructed on sloping roof

• Protrudes from the plane of the sloping

surface of the roof.
Skylight
• a light-transmitting structure that forms
all or part of the roof and ceiling space of
a building for daylighting and aesthetic
purposes
• Include roof windows unit skylights, tubular
daylighting devices (TDDs), sloped glazing, and
custom skylight

Uses include:

• Daylighting elements used to allow direct and/or

indirect sunlight and provide visual connection to
view above the structure

• Solar heating with operable units;

• Passive cooling for ventilation and fresh air

movement
Standards
SECTION 808 WINDOW OPENINGS, NBC

1. Rooms intended for any use, not provided with artificial ventilation system,
shall be provided with a window or windows with a total free area of
openings equal to at least 10% of the floor area of the room, provided that
such opening shall be not less than 1.00 sq. meter.

However, toilet and bath rooms, laundry rooms and similar rooms shall be
provided with window or windows with an area not less than 1/20 of the floor
area of such rooms, provided that such opening shall not be less than 240 sq.
millimeters.

Such window or windows shall open directly to a court, yard, public street or
alley, or open watercourse.

2. Required windows may open into a roofed porch where the porch:
a. Abuts a court, yard, public street or alley, or open watercourse and other
public open spaces;
b. Has a ceiling height of not less than 2.70 meters;
c. Has one of the longer sides at least 65% open and unobstructed.

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Standards
SECTION 808 WINDOW OPENINGS

3. Eaves, canopies, awnings (or media agua) over required windows shall not be less than 750 millimeters from the side and rear
property lines.

4. There shall absolutely be no openings on/at/within/through all types of abutments (such as firewalls) erected along property
lines except for permitted vent wells. This Rule strictly applies to all new and existing developments.

5. In locating window openings it should be borne in mind that in cases of extreme emergencies windows must serve as
emergency egress to vacate the premises or access for rescue operations. Such windows shall meet the following requirements:
a. They can be opened from the inside without the use of any tools;
b. The minimum clear opening shall have a width not less than 820 millimeters and a height of 1 meter;
c. The bottom of the opening should not be more than 820 millimeters from the floor;
d. Where storm shutters, screens or iron grilles are used, these shall be provided with quick opening mechanism so that
they can be readily opened from the inside for emergency egress and shall be so designed that when opened they will
not drop to the ground;
e. All areas immediately outside a fire exit window/grille must be free of obstacles and must lead to a direct access down
into the ground or street level.

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 Parts of a Window
• Interior Casing: The finished trim or holdings around the
window frames. It helps prevent maintain indoor temperature
as well as add aesthetics to the overall look od the window
• Head: The horizontal upper part of the window frame
• Muntin: A bar or strip of material between adjacent panes of
glass that create a grid or latticework appearance
• Sash Lock: Locking mechanism attached to a single-hung or
double-hung window
• Upper Sash (Upper Panel): Upper part of the fixed or movable
framework that holds the window pane
• Side Jamb: Vertical parts that form the sides of a window frame
• Stile: Vertical members of the window frame
• Window Pane: Plate of glass within a window frame
 Parts of a Window
• Lower Sash (Lower Panel): Lower part of the fixed or movable
frame holding the pane of a window
• Channel: Groove around windows
• Exterior Sill: External horizontal bottom part of the frame that
prevents water intrusion , also used as a decorative element
• Apron: Decorative raised section below the window sill
• Stool: Bottom horizontal shelf of the window attached to the
window sill where the sash descends and where plants or other
decorations may be placed.
• Bottom Rail: Lowest horizontal part of the window frame that
connects its vertical parts.
• Top Rail: Top horizontal part of the window frame
• Head Jamb: Vertical side on the the very top of a window frame
on which the window sash sits
 Parts of a Window
• Air Latch: Makes it possible to keep the window open regardless
of the position you set it
• Aluminum Bracket: Brackets made of aluminum and part of a
window bracket system that offsets the window from the wall
by a few inches
• Glass Sealant: A silicone-based product that can take on the
form of liquid, gel or foam and applied to glass surfaces as a
protective coating or fill the gap between glass and frame
• Pane: A sheet of glass in a window
• Spacer: Typically made of aluminum, it provides a seal between
two glass layers and keep glass panes apart
• Meeting Rail: The horizontal rail of a sash that meets the rail of
the other sash when the window is closed
 Parts of a Window
• Sloped Sill: Exterior part of the window sill designed to be
sloped downward to enable water to run off
• Drain Hole: Short channel or a hole within the rails where fluids
can flow
• Lift Rail: A handle used to open and close a window that goes all
the way across the sash
• Frame: The framework that makes up the window’s perimeter
and supports the entire window system
 Materials used for
Windows

WOOD STEEL ALUMINUM PVC

Wood
Advantages
• Great tradition. Wood has been used on
windows for thousands of years
• Sustainable, natural, renewable
• Beautiful especially with its natural grain
• Good insulation, does not generate a lot
of heat , not a magnet to the sun
• Strong and durable, depending on variety
of wood
• Several options to finish: paint or stain
Wood
Disadvantages
• May turn out to be more expensive than
other materials, depending on type of
wood
• Has to be maintained constantly : caulk,
clean, sand, and stain or paint to
maintain its beauty
• Reacts negatively against moisture and
may rot or have molds and mildew
Steel
Advantages
• Durable
• Customizable
• Narrow sightlines
• Strong
• Easy to install
Disadvantages
• Prone to corrosion
• Rough edges
• Less energy efficient as it gets cold
and hot
• Needs repainting
Aluminum
Advantages
• Affordable but value for money
• Low maintenance as finishes makes
the surface sturdy; no repainting
• Comes in slim profile and narrow
frame, thus more glass area and
more natural light
• Lightweight and may be customized
according to unique design
• Hardly warps
• Long life span
Aluminum
Disadvantages
• Least energy efficient of all materials
as, being metal, it attracts heat and
cold
• Accessories like rollers and handles
available in the market are not
sturdy and needs repair or
replacement after a few years
PVC
Advantages
• Energy efficient. Due to its hollow
interior, which is sometimes filled
with insulating foam, PVC windows
do not attract high heat or lose a lot
of warmth from the interior
• Low maintenance. Needs no
repainting for many years
• Modern and developing technologies
improve them.Most are UV-resistant
and non-corroding
• Durable and moisture resistant
PVC
Disadvantages
• Color is permanent and cannot be
repainted or stained to look different
• May warp over time if installation is
not correct
• PVC expands and contracts
depending on temperature and this
affects its efficiency in operation
• Prone to discoloration
 Our Data

End