CHAPTER-4- CLIMATE

1. Differentiate between climate and weather.

Answer:(i) Climate: It refers to the sum total of the weather conditions and
variations over a large area for a long period of time.
(ii) Weather: It refers to the state of atmosphere over an area at any point of
time. The elements of weather and climate are the same.

2. What type of climate does India have?

Answer: (i) India has a ‘monsoon type’ of climate.
(ii) This type of climate is found mainly in South and Southeast Asia.
(iii) It is called ‘monsoonal’ since India receives pre-monsoon showers in the
month of May, proper monsoon during the hot weather season, winter monsoon
due to western disturbances in winter and a little rain when the monsoons
retreat.

3. India has diverse climatic conditions. “Support this statement by giving

examples, each of temperature and precipitation.
OR
Describe the 3regional variations in climatic conditions of India with the help of
suitable examples.
Answer:
1) The mercury occasionally touches 50° C in the western deserts and it drops
down to as low as -45° C in winter around Leh.
2) The annual precipitation is less than 10 cm in the north west Himalayas and the
western desert . It exceeds 400 cm in Meghalaya.
3) Most parts of the country receive rainfall from June to September , but some
parts like the Tamil Nadu coast get most of its rain during October and November.

4. How does the latitude affect India’s climate?

Answer: (i) The Tropic of Cancer passes almost from the middle of the country.
(ii) Almost half of the country, lying south of the Tropic of Cancer, belongs to the
tropical area.
(iii) All the remaining area in the north of the Tropic lies in the sub-tropical area.
Therefore, India’s climate has characteristics of tropical as well as sub- tropical
type of climate.

5. What is the coriolis force? Describe its effect briefly on the world climate.
Answer:
Coriolis force is an apparent force caused by the Earth’s rotation. It is responsible
for deflecting winds towards the right in the northern hemisphere and towards
the left in the southern hemisphere. Under the effect of coriolis force, the trade
winds moving from sub-tropical high- pressure belts to equational low -pressure
belts become north-east trade winds in the northern hemisphere and south-east
trade winds in the southern hemisphere. As a result, they bring heavy rainfall to
the east coast and the west coast remains dry.

6. Distinguish between climate and weather.

Climate:
1) It is the total of weather conditions and variations of an area for a long period
of time .
2) It includes study of temperature , rainfall , atmosphere pressure etc.
Weather :
1) Weather refers to the day to day changes in our atmospheric conditions.
2) It also includes temperature , rainfall , atmospheric pressure etc.

7. Mention the factors which affect the climate of a place

Answer:- Following factors affect the climate of a place:
1) Location or distance from equator : Places close to equator are hotter as these
receive vertical rays of the Sun and places away from equator receive slanting
rays and are cooler .
2) Distance from the Sea : Places located on the coast have moderate climate
affected by land. Places away from the sea have an extreme climate : very hot in
summer and very cold during winter .
3) Altitude : Places located on a high altitude are cooler than located in plains.
Mountain regions always have cold climate.
4) Pressure and wind system : The pressure and wind system deeply affect the
climate of an area . The low pressure belt help to bring rainfall.
5) High mountains act as barriers for cold or hot winds . They may also bring
rainfall if they lie in the path of rain bearing winds.

8. Define Kaal Baisakhi and Mango Showers.

Answer: (i) Kaal Baisakhi: It is a calamity for the month of Baisakh. These are
thunderstorms associated with violent winds, torrential rains often accompanied
by hail.
(ii) Mango Showers: Towards the close of the summer season, pre-monsoon
showers are common especially in Kerala and Karnataka. Since they help in the
early ripening of mangoes, they are called Mango Showers.

9. Why is it said that “Monsoon wind is known for its uncertainties”? Explain
any three reasons.
Answer: Monsoon wind is known for its uncertainties because
(i) The movement of low pressure trough controls the spatial distribution of
rainfall.
(ii) The alternation of wet and dry spells varies in intensity, frequency and
duration.
(iii) It sometime causes heavy floods in one part, it may be responsible for
drought in other.
(iv) It is often irregular in its arrival and retreat.

10. Mention any three characteristics of the Monsoon’ .

1. The monsoon type of climate is characterized by a distinct seasonal pattern .

2. The weather conditions greatly change from one season to the other .
3. The monsoon are pulsating in nature.
4. These are affected by different atmospheric conditions prevailing in the region .
5. The duration of the rainy season is between 100-120 days.
Tibetan plateau gets intensely heated during summer, which result in strong
vertical air current and the formation of low pressure over the plateau at about 9
km above sea level .
11. How will you differentiate between the summer and winter monsoons?

Summer Monsoons (South West Monsoon Winds) Winter Monsoons

(North – East Monsoon
winds)
1. They blow during the months of June to September 1. They blow during the
months of December to
February.
2. These blow from the high-pressure area
on the sea to the low-pressure area on the land. 2. These blow from the
high-pressure area on
land to the low-pressure
area on the sea.
3. These bring rain to the greater parts of India. 3. These bring a little
rain only to the Tamil
Nadu coast.
4. These blow into India in two branches i.e.
the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal branch. 4. These have only one
branch.

12. Why is the monsoon considered a unifying bond?

Answer:
a) Monsoon influence the climate of the North India and enables the uniformity in
the climate.
b) The seasonal change of the monsoon winds provides rhythmic cycle of seasons.
c) The Indian agriculture mainly depend upon the monsoon gamble. The
agriculture calendar is based upon the monsoon.
d) The Indian vegetation and wild life depend on the monsoon.
e) Many Indian cultural and festival events are associated with the monsoon.
f) Thus, the monsoon winds are eagerly awaited in India and act like a unifying
bond.

13. Why do the Western Ghats receive more rainfall than the Eastern Ghats?
Explain briefly.
Answer: Western Ghats receive more rainfall than the Eastern Ghats because
(i) Western Ghats receive rainfall from the Arabian Sea monsoon winds. As these
winds blow over warm oceans, they bring abundant moisture.
(ii) The Ghats do not allow the winds to cross over without shedding their
moisture on the Western slopes.
(iii) When these winds reach the Eastern coast, they are almost dry.
(iv) Another branch of South-West monsoon i.e., the Bay of Bengal branch moves
parallel to the Eastern coast. In this way, this region is located in an un favourable
position with reference of the monsoon winds.

14. Give reasons why parts of Rajasthan, Gujarat and the leeward side of the
Western Ghats are drought prone.
Answer: (i) Western Rajasthan and part of Gujarat are desert type regions with
extreme climate. Intense thermal heating makes the desert land very dry.
(ii) The Arabian Sea branch runs parallel to Aravallis, providing no barriers to the
clouds, leaving it again a dry region.
(iii) The Bay of Bengal branch is unable to reach up to western part and in winters
even western disturbances also hardly give any rains to this region.
(iv) The leeward side of the Western Ghats also lies in the rain shadow of S.W.
monsoon. (v) With the result, regions lying at the same latitude are unable to
receive rains, if they are on the leeward side of the Western Ghats.

15. What is onset of monsoons? How does it take place in India?

Answer: (i) With the arrival of monsoon, the normal rainfall increases suddenly
and carries on for several days.
(ii) This is also known as ‘burst of monsoon’ and can be distinguished from the
pre-monsoon showers.
(iii) The monsoon arises at Southern tip of Indian peninsula generally by the first
week of June approximately.
(iv) Then it gets divided into two: The Arabian Sea branch and Bay of Bengal
branch.
(v) Then it starts moving upwards, the Arabian Sea branch reaches Madhya
Pradesh, U.P. in about ten days.
(vi) The Bay of Bengal branch also advances rapidly and arrives in Assam in the
first week of June.

II. ASSERTION AND REASONING:

Q.1.) Assertion(A): During the winter the temperatures are quite low in North India.
Reason(R): The north of India experiences cool waves during the winter season
because of the lack of sun which doesn’t fall directly on the region.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans. a
Q.2.) Assertion(A): Southwest Monsoon season is marked by the advance of
monsoon.
Reason(R): The winds blow from Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal towards the land.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans. b
Q.3.) Assertion(A): The wind blowing from Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal towards
the land carry moisture with them.
Reason(R): When these winds strike the mountain barrier, the rainfall and thus
begins the monsoon season in India.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans. a
Q.4.) Assertion(A): The southern part of India experiences rainfall during the
retreating monsoon.
Reason(R): Winds move back from the mainland to the Bay of Bengal. This causes
the retreating monsoon.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans. a
Q.5.) Assertion(A): The climate of India has broadly been described as monsoon
type.
Reason(R): Climate is defined as the average weather condition, which has been
measured over many years.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans. b
Q.6.) Assertion(A): Agriculture in India is dependent upon rains.

Reason(R): Monsoon is taken from the Arabic word ‘mausim’ which means ‘season’
due to India’s location in the tropical region, most of the rain is brought by monsoon
winds.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans. b
Q.7.) Assertion(A):There is massive regional differences in the climate of India.
Reason(R): The climate of a place is affected by its location, altitude, distance from
the sea, and relief.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans. a
Q.8.) Assertion(A): There is no diversity in the climate in regions which are situated
on coastal areas
Reason(R): Coastal places like Mumbai in Kolkata experience moderate climate. They
are neither too hot nor too cold.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. b
Q.9.) Assertion(A): India has a wide range of natural vegetation.
Reason(R): The grass is shrubs and trees which grow on their own without
interference or help from human beings are called natural vegetation.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans. b
Q.10.) Assertion(A): Forest Forests play a pivotal part in controlling soil erosion.
Reason(R): The roots of the plant bind the soil, which in turn control soil erosion.
Forest also provides us with timber, furniture, fuel, wood powder, medicinal plants
and herbs, etcetera.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans. a
Q.11.) Assertion(A): Forest is the natural habitat for wildlife.
Reason(R): Natural vegetation has been destroyed to a large extent because of
reckless cutting of trees, which has caused for animals to be disposed of their
natural habitat.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans. b
Q.12.) Assertion(A): There is a wide variety of animals in our country.
Reason(R): Gir Forest in Gujarat is home of Asiatic lions, elephants and one horned
rhinoceros roam in the Forest of Kerala.

(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans. c
Q.13.) Assertion(A): India is equally rich in bird life.
Reason(R): Apart from Peacock, which is India’s national bird, other common birds
are parrots, pigeons, Maina, geese, bulbul and dogs. There are several bird centuries
which have been created to give birds a natural habitat.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true

Ans. a
Q.14.) Assertion(A): In order to protect flora and fauna, many national parks,
sanctuaries and biosphere reserves have been set up.
Reason(R): Project Tiger and Project Elephant are examples of initiative taken by the
government to protect the flora and fauna.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans. a
Q.15.) Assertion(A): Tropical rainforest is a name given for regions which receive
heavy rainfall.
Reason(R): Mahogany, Ebony and rosewood are examples of trees found in tropical
rainforests.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans. a
Q.16.) Assertion(A): Most of the trees found in Mountaineer region are conical in
shape.
Reason(R): These trees are called coniferous trees, for example sal, teek, peepal.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans. c
Q.17.) Assertion(A): The mangrove forests are known for their distinct quality.
Reason(R): They are able to survive in saline water and are found in the Sunderbans
and Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans. a
Q.18.) Assertion(A): India is a hotspot for biodiversity.
Reason(R): The ecosystem in India ranges from the Himalayas in the north to the
Evergreen Forest in the South. The desert sands in the West, to the marshy
mangroves in the east.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans. a
Q.19.) Assertion(A): The cold weather seasons last from the month of December to
that of February.
Reason(R): The temperatures are quite low in the southern part of India.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans. c
Q.20.) Assertion(A): There is my new difference in the world climate and weather.
Reason(R): Climate is about day-to-day changes that take place, the average for a
longer period of time, whereas weather is vice versa.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true
Ans. c

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