fi 7 UNIT 5. Programming Languages @ 5 Learning objectives = to acquire basic knowledge about programming languages as an engineering tool * to understand the main difference between high-level and low-level languages = to understand the role of assembly language in computer programming Key words and phrases. Give Russian equivalents and remember the meanings of the key words and phrases. Collection of instructions; low-level languages; high-level languages; sequences; assembly language; sophisticated means; peripheral devices; syntax; client-server application; shell scripting languages; markup language; to compile; to interpret; statements; expertise: imperative form; declarative form; to split into; extension; to be treated as; dominant implementation. Before reading the text. watch the video _from hutps://www.youtube.com/watch? v=EGQhSSZetaE&ab_channel=Codecad emy to get some information on the topic. What do you already know about the topic? Read the following text and do the exercises given after it Programming is an important engineering tool. It is a process of writing a computer program using computer language. Computer programs are collections of instructions that tell a computer how to interact with the user and the computer hardware and how to process data. Our work would have been very demanding and time consuming without programming,Programming languages can be classified as either low-level languages or high-level languages. Low-level programming languages or machine languages are the most basic type of programming languages and can be understood directly by a computer. It is extremely tedious to program directly in machine language because instructions are written as sequences of Is and 0s called bits. Assembly languages are used to make machine language programs easier to write. For example, assembly languages use abbreviations such as ADD, SUB, MPY to represent instructions. The program is then translated into machine language by software called an assembler. | Assembly language is designed to be easily translated into machine language. Although blocks of data may be referred to by name instead of by their machine addresses, assembly language does not provide more sophisticated means of organizing complex information. Like machine language, assembly language requires detailed knowledge of internal computer architecture. It is useful when such details are important, as in programming a computer to interact with peripheral devices (printers, scanners, storage devices, and so forth). High-level languages are relatively sophisticated sets of statements utilizing words and syntax from human language and therefore easier to read, write, and maintain. Examples of high-level languages are Pascal (widely used as a beginner or as a teaching language), C (used to write system software, graphics and commercial programs), C++ (primarily utilized with system / application sofware, drivers, client-server applications), Cobol (popular for business applications), Fortran (used for scientific and mathematical applications), Java (designed to run on the Web), Visual Basic (used to create Windows applications) and shell scripting languages such as those found in the UNIX, Linux and Mac OS X environment. The languages used to create Web documents are called markup languages, they use instructions (markups) to format and link text files, for example, HTML (Hypertext Markup Language). Regardless of what language you use you need to translate it into machine language so that a computer can understand and process it. There are two ways to do this: to compile the program and interpret the program. In a compiled language, the programmer writes more general instructions and a compiler (a special piece of software) automatically translates these high level instructions into machine language. The machine language is then executed by the computer. A large portion of software in use today is