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Morphological Models Study Guide

The document provides a detailed overview of various morphological models in Natural Language Processing (NLP), including Dictionary Lookup, Finite-State Morphology, Unification-Based Morphology, Function-Based Morphology, and Morphology Induction. Each model is defined, explained in terms of structure and working, and assessed for advantages and disadvantages, along with its applications. The document emphasizes the importance of these models in tasks such as spell checking, machine translation, and grammar correction.

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135 views3 pages

Morphological Models Study Guide

The document provides a detailed overview of various morphological models in Natural Language Processing (NLP), including Dictionary Lookup, Finite-State Morphology, Unification-Based Morphology, Function-Based Morphology, and Morphology Induction. Each model is defined, explained in terms of structure and working, and assessed for advantages and disadvantages, along with its applications. The document emphasizes the importance of these models in tasks such as spell checking, machine translation, and grammar correction.

Uploaded by

vasanthi.kota17
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Morphological Models in NLP - Detailed Study Notes

1. Dictionary Lookup Model

Definition:
The Dictionary Lookup model is a basic approach where word forms are stored in a lexicon. It matches input words to
dictionary entries.

Working:
- Searches for word in precompiled dictionary.
- No dynamic generation of new forms.

Structure:
- Lexicon: Stores words + grammar.
- Matcher: Looks up and retrieves features.

Example:
"unhappiness" -> un- + happy + -ness

Advantages:
+ Fast retrieval, handles irregular words.

Disadvantages:
- Can't handle unknown words, static.

Applications:
- Spell checking, POS tagging.

2. Finite-State Morphology

Definition:
Uses FSMs to analyze/generate word forms via automata or transducers.

Structure:
- FSA: Validates word forms.
- FST: Maps lexical <-> surface forms.
- Lexicon + Rules

Example:
"cats" -> cat + PL

Tools:
XFST, FOMA, HFST

Advantages:
+ Fast (O(n)), good for pattern rules.

Disadvantages:
- Limited to regular structures.
Morphological Models in NLP - Detailed Study Notes

Applications:
- Spell check, MT, speech systems.

3. Unification-Based Morphology

Definition:
Feature-based model using attribute-value pairs and unification.

Structure:
- Lexicon: Features per morpheme.
- Morphotactics, phonology rules.
- Unification engine.

Example:
"walks" -> [walk] + [-s] -> [3rd person, singular]

Advantages:
+ Expressive, handles complex languages.

Disadvantages:
- Slower, ambiguity prone, complex.

Applications:
- Parsing, MT, grammar tools.

4. Function-Based Morphology

Definition:
Focuses on grammatical functions of word parts.

Examples:
"running" -> Present Participle
"cats" -> Plural Noun

Advantages:
+ Simple, rule-based, extendable.

Disadvantages:
- Not suitable for rich morphology.

Applications:
- POS tagging, grammar correction.

5. Morphology Induction

Definition:
Discovers morphemes using large data; unsupervised.
Morphological Models in NLP - Detailed Study Notes

Process:
1. Identify frequent endings.
2. Compare to find roots.
3. Use statistics.

Example:
"play, played, playing" -> play (root), -ed/-ing

Advantages:
+ Learns without rules, low-resource friendly.

Disadvantages:
- Needs large data, noise-prone.

Applications:
- MT, NLP for unknown morphology.

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