Conditional Statement

Samira Akter
Lecturer, Dept. of CSE
Presidency University
Email: samiraa@[Link]
 Program Control Statements
•Control statements control the flow of execution in a
program or function.
•There are three kinds of execution flow:
– Sequence:
•the execution of the program is sequential.
– Selection:
•A control structure which chooses alternative to execute.
– Repetition:
•A control structure which repeats a group of statements.

2
 Decision Making Statement
•if statement
•switch statement
•Conditional operator statement
•goto statement

They are also known as control statements.

3
Different forms of if statement
1. Simple if statement
2. if....else statement
3. Nested if......else statement
4. else if ladder
 BECOME FAMILIAR WITH THE if
• I n i t s s i m p l e s t fo r m , t h e i f
statement allows our program to
conditionally execute a statement.
• Its operation is governed by the
outcome of a conditional test
evaluates to either true or false.

5
If Statement
 If….
• The expression may be any valid
C expression.
• If the expression evaluated as
tru e, th e statemen t w ill be
executed.
• If it does not - the statement is
bypassed and the line of code
following the if is executed.

7
If Statement
if(Conditions){
------------------
-----------------
}
 if....
•In C, an expression is true if it evaluates to any
nonzero value.
•If it evaluate to zero, it is false.

9
 What will happen?
int a=10, b=20;
if(a < b)
printf(“This line will print.”);
Output
This line will print.

10
 What will happen?
int a=10, b=20;
if( a > b)
printf(“This line will print.”);
Output
Nothing!

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What will happen?
int a=10, b=20;
printf(“%d”, a<=b);
Output
1

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 ADD THE else!
•We can add else statement to the if.
•The if…else statement is an extension of the
if(test expression)
simple if statement.
{
True-block statement(s)
}
else
{
False-block statement(s)
} 13
If Statement
if(Conditions){
------------------
-----------------
}
else{
---------------
-----------------
}
 ADD THE else!

Which number is greater? 15

Program that will decide whether a number is
positive or not.

How do you understand if a number is

positive or negative?
Program that will decide whether a number is
positive or not.

Positive if Number>0
Negative if Number <0
Program that will decide whether a number is
positive or not.
 Remember!!!
•The result/value produce by the relational
and logical operators is either 0 or 1.
•It produce 1 for true
•And 0 for false.

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Program that will decide whether a number is
positive or not or neither positive nor negative.
If Statement
if(Conditions){
------------------
}
else if(Conditions){
---------------
}
else{
-----------------
}
 if…else Ladder!

Which number is 22
if…else Ladder!

23
Program that will decide whether a number is
positive or not.
Nested if…else

25
Nested if…else

26
Program to find the greatest digit from three
digits
Program to find the greatest digit from three
digits

a,b,c
a bigger: a>b & a>c
b bigger: b>a & b>c
Else c is bigger
 Program to find the greatest digit from three
digits
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int dig1, dig2, dig3;
printf("Enter three numbers: ");
scanf("%d%d%d", &dig1, &dig2, &dig3);
if(dig1 > dig2){
if(dig1 > dig3){
printf("dig1 is the maximum");
}
else{
printf("dig3 is the maximum");
}
}
else
 Nested if…else
Problem!
A commercial bank has introduced an incentive policy
of giving bonus to all its deposit holders. The policy is
as follows: A bonus of 2 per cent of the balance held
on 31st December is given to every one, inspective of
their balance, and 5 per cent is given to female
account holders if their balance is more than Tk.
50,000.
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Conditional Operators

exp1 ? exp2 : exp3

 The Conditional Operator
• the conditional operator (? : )

• A conditional expression is written

expression 1 ? expression 2 : in the
form expression 3
True or False? True False

32
 The Conditional Operator
•

(a + b) >= 13 ? a = 100 : a =
1000
True or False?
True
33
The Conditional Operator

i = (a+b)<13 ? 100 : 1000

True or False?
False
34
SELECT ALTERNATIVE WITH
THE switch STATEMENT
• If is good for choosing between two
alternatives
• When several alternatives are needed we
should use switch statement.
• switch is C’s multiple selection statement.
• Use to select one of several alternative paths in
program execution
How it works?
A value is successively
tested against a list of
integer or character
constants.
When the match is
found, the statement
sequence associated
with that match is
executed.
Statement sequence
are not blocks, not
use curly braces
Example -
switch
 if vs switch
• switch can only test for equality,
where the if conditional expression
can be of any type
• switch will work with only int or char
types. We can’t use float or others.
Nested switch!
 goto Statement
•Guess what I am going to say!

We will learn
later!