MODULE IN MATHEMATICS 7
TOPIC: RELATIONS, FUNCTIONS, AND PIECEWISE FUNCTIONS
I. LEARNING COMPETENCY: - Illustrates and defines a relation and a
function. - Represents real-life situations using functions. - Illustrates and
evaluates piecewise functions.
II. OBJECTIVES: At the end of this module, the learners will be able to: 1.
Differentiate a relation from a function; 2. Write functions based on real-life
situations; 3. Illustrate and evaluate piecewise functions; 4. Solve application
problems involving functions and piecewise functions.
III. WHAT TO KNOW
A. RELATION A relation is a set of ordered pairs. An ordered pair is written
as (x, y) where: - x is the input (domain) - y is the output (range)
Example: R = {(2, 3), (4, 5), (6, 7)} - Domain: {2, 4, 6} - Range: {3, 5, 7}
B. FUNCTION A function is a relation where each input has exactly one
output.
It can be checked using the Vertical Line Test on a graph. If a vertical line
intersects the graph at more than one point, it is not a function.
Example: - {(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4)} is a function. - {(1, 2), (1, 3), (2, 4)} is not
a function (1 maps to 2 and 3).
IV. WHAT TO PROCESS
REAL-LIFE FUNCTION APPLICATIONS
1. Height as a function of age H(a) = 20 + 2a - H is height - a is age
Example: What is the height at age 4? H(4) = 20 + 2(4) = 28 inches
2. Distance as a function of time D(t) = 60t - D is distance - t is time
Example: How far does a car travel in 3 hours? D(3) = 60(3) = 180 km
3. Battery level as a function of time B(h) = 100 - 12h - B is battery level
- h is hours passed
Example: What is battery after 2 hours? B(2) = 100 - 24 = 76%
4. Volume of a Box Cut squares of side x from corners of 10 in × 8 in
rectangle.
Length = (10 - 2x)
Width = (8 - 2x)
Height = x
V(x) = (10 - 2x)(8 - 2x)(x)
Example: If x = 1 V(1) = 8 × 6 × 1 = 48 in³
V. WHAT TO UNDERSTAND
PIECEWISE FUNCTIONS A piecewise function uses different formulas for
different values of x.
1. Mobile Text Plan t(m) = { 250, if m ≤ 200 250 + (m - 200), if m > 200 }
Example: 215 messages = 250 + (215 - 200) = 250 + 15 = Php265
2. Chocolate Price C(n) = { 50n, if n ≤ 5 48n, if n > 5 }
Example: 6 chocolates = 48 × 6 = Php288
3. Catering Service C(p) = { 250p, if p ≤ 50 200p, if 51 ≤ p ≤ 100 150p, if
p > 100 }
Example: 75 guests = 200 × 75 = Php15,000
VI. WHAT TO APPLY
Solve the following: 1. A runner jogs 5 km every hour. Write a function. 2.
A faucet leaks 3 liters per hour. Write and evaluate a function after 6 hours.
3. Write a piecewise function for the cost of apples: Php30 each up to 4
apples, Php25 each for more than 4 apples. 4. You cut squares of side 2
inches from each corner of a 12 in x 10 in rectangle to make a box. What is
the volume? 5. Interpret the function C(x) = 150x if x > 100.
VII. ASSESSMENT (Multiple Choice)
1. Which of the following is a function?
a. {(1,2), (2,3), (1,4)}
b. {(1,2), (2,3), (3,4)}
c. {(2,3), (2,5), (3,6)}
d. {(5,2), (5,3), (6,7)}
2. What is H(a) = 20 + 2a when a = 3?
a. 23
b. 26
c. 30
d. 32
3. In B(h) = 100 - 12h, what is B(5)?
a. 40%
b. 44%
c. 50%
d. 76%
4. If n = 8 chocolates, what is C(n)?
a. Php400
b. Php390
c. Php384
d. Php350
5. What kind of function uses different rules?
a. Linear
b. Constant
c. Piecewise
d. Exponential
VIII. SUMMARY - A relation is any set of ordered pairs. - A function is a
relation where each x has only one y. - Real-life situations can be
represented by functions. - Piecewise functions use different rules for
different values of x.
Prepared by: [Your Name]
[School Name]
[Date]
