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Class Notes Introduction To Quantum Computing

Quantum computing leverages quantum mechanics to process information using qubits, which can exist in multiple states simultaneously. It offers advantages over classical computing in speed and efficiency, with applications in cryptography, drug discovery, and optimization problems. Despite its potential, quantum computing faces challenges such as decoherence, error correction, and scalability.

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22 views2 pages

Class Notes Introduction To Quantum Computing

Quantum computing leverages quantum mechanics to process information using qubits, which can exist in multiple states simultaneously. It offers advantages over classical computing in speed and efficiency, with applications in cryptography, drug discovery, and optimization problems. Despite its potential, quantum computing faces challenges such as decoherence, error correction, and scalability.

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martijnkruijzen2
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Class Notes: Introduction to Quantum Computing

**I. What is Quantum Computing?**

Quantum computing uses the principles of quantum mechanics to process information. Unlike

classical bits (0 or 1), quantum bits (qubits) can exist in multiple states at once due to superposition.

**II. Key Concepts**

1. **Qubit:** A unit of quantum information. Can be 0, 1, or both simultaneously.

2. **Superposition:** The ability of a quantum system to be in multiple states.

3. **Entanglement:** A phenomenon where qubits become interconnected.

4. **Quantum Interference:** Helps extract useful information from qubit states.

5. **Quantum Gates:** Operations that change qubit states, analogous to logic gates in classical

computing.

**III. Comparison with Classical Computing**

- **Speed:** Quantum computers can solve some problems exponentially faster.

- **Efficiency:** Can model complex systems that are impractical for classical computers.

**IV. Applications**

- Cryptography (e.g., breaking RSA encryption)

- Drug discovery (simulating molecules)

- Optimization problems (e.g., logistics, AI training)

- Financial modeling

**V. Quantum Hardware**

- **Superconducting Qubits:** Used by IBM and Google.


- **Trapped Ions:** Stable, but slower.

- **Topological Qubits:** Still experimental.

**VI. Challenges**

- Quantum decoherence: Qubits lose information quickly.

- Error correction: Requires many extra qubits.

- Scalability: Difficult to build and maintain systems with many qubits.

**VII. Major Players**

- IBM, Google, Microsoft, Rigetti, IonQ.

- Governments and academic institutions heavily invested.

**Conclusion**

Quantum computing holds the potential to revolutionize computing by tackling problems classical

computers cannot solve efficiently. However, it remains in the early stages of development.

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