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CONDITIONAL STATEMENTS
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What is a Conditional Statement in C?
A conditional statement in C programming is used to make decisions based
on certain conditions. It allows the program to execute a block of code only
when a specific condition is true. If the condition is false, the program can
execute another block of code or skip the conditional block entirely.
C provides several types of conditional statements:
if statement
if-else statement
else if ladder
nested if statement
switch statement
1. THE IF STATEMENT
The if statement is the simplest form of a conditional statement. It checks a
condition, and if the condition is true, the block of code associated with the if
statement is executed. If the condition is false, the program skips the block.
Syntax:
if (condition) {
// code to be executed if the condition is true
}
Example:
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int number = 10; Output:
if (number > 0) { The number is positive.
printf("The number is positive.\n"); In this example, the condition number > 0 is true, so the message
} "The number is positive." is printed.
return 0;
}
2. THE IF-ELSE STATEMENT
The if-else statement allows for two blocks of code: one that executes if the
condition is true, and one that executes if the condition is false.
Syntax:
if (condition) {
// code to be executed if the condition is true
} else {
// code to be executed if the condition is false
}
Example:
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int number = -5; Output:
if (number > 0) { The number is negative.
printf("The number is positive.\n");
Here, since number is less than zero, the program will output "The
}
number is negative."
else
{
printf("The number is negative.\n");
}
return 0;
}
3. THE IF ELSE LADDER STATEMENT
When there are multiple conditions to check, the if else ladder is used. It
allows for multiple conditions to be checked one after another.
Syntax:
if (condition1) {
// code to be executed if condition1 is true
}
else if (condition2)
{
// code to be executed if condition2 is true
}
else
{
// code to be executed if all conditions are false
}
Example:
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int number = 0;
{
if (number > 0)
Output:
printf("The number is positive.\n");
}
else if (number < 0)
The number is zero.
{
In this case, since number is zero, the program will output "The number is zero."
printf("The number is negative.\n");
}
else
{
printf("The number is zero.\n");
}
return 0;
}
4. NESTED IF STATEMENTS
A nested if statement is when one if or else if statement is placed inside
another if or else if. It allows for more complex decision-making.
Syntax:
if (condition1)
{
// code to be executed if condition1 is true
if (condition2)
{
// code to be executed if condition2 is also true
}
}
Example:
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int number = 10;
Output:
if (number > 0) {
printf("The number is positive.\n");
The number is positive.
The number is even.
if (number % 2 == 0) {
Here, the program will first check if the number is positive. If true, it will then
printf("The number is even.\n");
check if the number is even. The output will be:
}
}
return 0;
}
Thank you!!
From: Intellelearn
