SCIENCE 9- THIRD QUARTER EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE 9- THIRD QUARTER EARTH AND SPACE
Challenge 5 “Identifying Warm & Cold Oceans Currents”
Instruction: Use the illustration of ocean current (red = warm, blue = cold) to answer
4 Factors Affecting
the question below.
Climate
MELC 15: Explain how different factors affect the climate of an area. (S9ES-IIIe-30)
After going through this module, you are expected to:
differentiate climate from weather;
describe factors that affect climate;
explain how latitude, altitude and land topography affect climate; and,
explain how ocean surface and circulation directly affect the pattern of climate around
the world
Let’s Get Started!
IS IT WEATHER or CLIMATE?
Write W if the statement represents weather and C if climate.
_____1. Average rainfall in Quezon is 14 inches/year.
_____2. It looks like we’ll get rain this week.
_____3. Did you hear about the hurricane in Florida last week?
_____ 4. The average temperature in Missoula in December is 23 degrees Fahrenheit.
1. What is the general direction of ocean currents in the Northern Hemisphere? _____ 5. I’m moving to Las Vegas, Nevada for the winter months. How will I know what
to take for clothing?
__________________________________________
_____ 6. Today’s temperature is 43 degrees Fahrenheit.
2. What is the general direction of ocean currents in the Southern Hemisphere?
________________________________________________________________
3. Look at the pattern of cold and warm water currents. What seems to determine INTRODUCTION
if a current carries warm or cold water? You have probably experienced waking up to a rainy morning but spending
_____________________________________________________________________________________________ the rest of the day sweating because of the sun’s glaring heat. Changes in the
4. What is the effect of cold current water on the continental coastline it atmospheric condition over a brief period of time such as a day or a week are
bordered? weather. These changes are part of a larger pattern of atmospheric conditions called
____________________________________________________________________________________________ climate. Climate is the general pattern of the weather that occurs for a region over
a number of years. Climate determines what type of houses people build in a
particular region, the plants and animals that inhabit in a location, and even the
livelihood of the people and community.
Different Factors that Affect Climate
There are different factors that affect the climate of a place. These five factors greatly
1. Latitude.
Latitude is the main factor affecting global climate. The further we go from the equator;
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SCIENCE 9- THIRD QUARTER EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE 9- THIRD QUARTER EARTH AND SPACE
the temperature drops and the cooler it gets. This is because we know that earth is curved which slope, it expands and reduces the possibility of precipitation forming a rain shadow effect.
means that the sun’s energy is more concentrated at the equator. This means earth gets hotter at This side of the mountain is the driest place.
equator and places near equator.
Challenge 4 “WHICH SIDE ARE YOU?”
Challenge 1 “When Sun’s Rays Strike”
Instruction: Study the illustration below:
Instruction: Study the figure below to answer the questions that follow:
1. How much is the tilt of Earth’s axis?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Which part of the Earth receives most of the sun’s rays? 1. Which side of the mountain would generally receive more precipitation? _______________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Which side of the mountain would generally receive less precipitation? _________________
3. Why does the amount of heat received by places far from the equator become 3. What happens to the air as it comes down the leeward side of the mountain?
less? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Which side of the mountain range often produce rain shadow? __________________________
4. Why are the coldest places on Earth found near poles?
5. What happens to the air as it travels up the mountain?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. Why are places with high temperature found at the equator? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
6. How does latitude affect climate? 5.Ocean Current.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________ Ocean currents are the continuous and directional movement of ocean created by
the wind friction, water density, earth’s rotation, solar energy, and gravity variation in
2. Altitude. different parts of the ocean. The direction of water movement is either horizontal or
Temperature decreases with increasing altitude at an average rate of 6.5°C vertical. The ocean current systems flow clockwise in the northern hemisphere and
for every 1000m increase in altitude, as the atmosphere receives less heat through counterclockwise in the southern hemisphere in circular patterns. The ocean currents
terrestrial radiation. For this reason, we know that the mountains are always cooler
transport warm water and precipitation from the equator to the poles and cold water
compared to lower places.
from the poles back to the equator. These regulate the global climate, and uneven
2 distribution of heat reaching earth’s surface.
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SCIENCE 9- THIRD QUARTER EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE 9- THIRD QUARTER EARTH AND SPACE
Challenge 2 “The Higher the Colder” Challenge 2 “The Higher the Colder”
Instruction: Study the table below and construct a scatter graph based on the data. Instruction: Study the table below and construct a scatter graph based on the data.
1. Which place is the coldest? _____________________________________________________________ 1. Which place is the coldest? _____________________________________________________________
2. Which place is the hottest? _____________________________________________________________ 2. Which place is the hottest? _____________________________________________________________
3. Based on the data, what is the relationship between altitude and temperature of 3. Based on the data, what is the relationship between altitude and temperature of
a place? _______________________________________________________________________________________ a place? _______________________________________________________________________________________
4. Why is it that during summer many people visit Baguio City? 4. Why is it that during summer many people visit Baguio City?
_______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________
5. Why do mountain climbers wear jackets and thick clothes when they go up the 5. Why do mountain climbers wear jackets and thick clothes when they go up the
mountain?________________________________________________________________________________ mountain?________________________________________________________________________________
3. Distance from large bodies of water. 3.Distance from large bodies of water.
Bodies of water help regulate the climate of a certain area. Places that are near Bodies of water help regulate the climate of a certain area. Places that are near
the oceans have moderate climate as the body of water regulates the temperature. the oceans have moderate climate as the body of water regulates the temperature.
On the other hand, places that are far from the bodies of water have extreme On the other hand, places that are far from the bodies of water have extreme
climates, as there are no immediate bodies of water that will help to circulate the climates, as there are no immediate bodies of water that will help to circulate the
movement of cold and warm air. movement of cold and warm air.
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SCIENCE 9- THIRD QUARTER EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE 9- THIRD QUARTER EARTH AND SPACE
Challenge 3 “SEA BREEZE” Challenge 3 “SEA BREEZE”
Instruction: Study the illustration to answer the questions that follow. Instruction: Study the illustration to answer the questions that follow.
1. In the diagram, what are the circular motions of air called? _________________ 1. In the diagram, what are the circular motions of air called? _________________
2. Why is the warmer air rising while the colder air is sinking? _______________ 2. Why is the warmer air rising while the colder air is sinking? _______________
3. Why is the land significantly warmer in the daytime when compared to the 3. Why is the land significantly warmer in the daytime when compared to the
ocean? ____________________________________________________________________________ ocean? ____________________________________________________________________________
4. During the daytime, would you face towards the land or the ocean to feel a 4. During the daytime, would you face towards the land or the ocean to feel a
breeze blowing on your face? __________________________________________________ breeze blowing on your face? __________________________________________________
5. Would this daytime breeze be warm or cool? ________________________________ 5. Would this daytime breeze be warm or cool? ________________________________
6. Make a general statement concerning how large bodies of water affect the 6. Make a general statement concerning how large bodies of water affect the
climate of nearby coastal communities. _______________________________________ climate of nearby coastal communities. _______________________________________
4. Topography. 4.Topography.
The topography of earth's surface is one of the factors that affects weather system and The topography of earth's surface is one of the factors that affects weather system and
climate. The difference in elevation and mountain ranges determine the distribution of climate. The difference in elevation and mountain ranges determine the distribution of
precipitation on earth. The bodies of water shape the climates and create the high- and low- precipitation on earth. The bodies of water shape the climates and create the high- and low-
pressure systems that cause weather events. The mountainous areas tend to have extreme pressure systems that cause weather events. The mountainous areas tend to have extreme
weather because it acts as a barrier to air movements and moisture. weather because it acts as a barrier to air movements and moisture.
The windward side of the mountain faces the wind and receives warm, and moist air. As The windward side of the mountain faces the wind and receives warm, and moist air. As
the wind hits the mountain, the air is forced to move upward along the slope of the mountain the wind hits the mountain, the air is forced to move upward along the slope of the mountain
and begins to cool due to decrease in atmospheric pressure. The cooling of air results in the and begins to cool due to decrease in atmospheric pressure. The cooling of air results in the
formation of clouds and precipitation. Because of this, the windward side of the mountain is formation of clouds and precipitation. Because of this, the windward side of the mountain is
cooler and rich in vegetation. The leeward side of the mountain is the opposite side of the cooler and rich in vegetation. The leeward side of the mountain is the opposite side of the
windward. The air that goes down the leeward slope has lost its moisture on the windward windward. The air that goes down the leeward slope has lost its moisture on the windward
side resulting to warm air and low relative humidity. As the dry air descends the leeward side resulting to warm air and low relative humidity. As the dry air descends the leeward
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