Calculus I Lecture Notes-May 2018

Dr. Michael Munywoki

Technical University of Mombasa

Department of Mathemaics and Physics

Copyright c 2020 Michael Munywoki.

All rights reserved

June 1, 2020
 Outline for section 1

1 Derivatives
Exponential Functions

2 Bibliography

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 Derivative of ax

Let y = ax

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Calculusof IMombasa)
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 Derivative of ax

Let y = ax

ln y = ln ax

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 Derivative of ax

Let y = ax

ln y = ln ax
ln y = a ln a

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Calculusof IMombasa)
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 Derivative of ax

Let y = ax

ln y = ln ax
ln y = a ln a
1 dy
= ln a (Diff. both sides w.r.t y)
y dx

Dr. Michael Munywoki (Technical University

Calculusof IMombasa)
Lecture Notes-May 2018 June 1, 2020 3 / 16
 Derivative of ax

Let y = ax

ln y = ln ax
ln y = a ln a
1 dy
= ln a (Diff. both sides w.r.t y)
y dx
dy
= y ln a
dx

Dr. Michael Munywoki (Technical University

Calculusof IMombasa)
Lecture Notes-May 2018 June 1, 2020 3 / 16
 Derivative of ax

Let y = ax

ln y = ln ax
ln y = a ln a
1 dy
= ln a (Diff. both sides w.r.t y)
y dx
dy
= y ln a
dx
dy
= ax ln a
dx

Dr. Michael Munywoki (Technical University

Calculusof IMombasa)
Lecture Notes-May 2018 June 1, 2020 3 / 16
 Derivative of ax

Let y = ax

ln y = ln ax
ln y = a ln a
1 dy
= ln a (Diff. both sides w.r.t y)
y dx
dy
= y ln a
dx
dy
= ax ln a
dx

Dr. Michael Munywoki (Technical University

Calculusof IMombasa)
Lecture Notes-May 2018 June 1, 2020 3 / 16
 Derivative of ax

Let y = ax

ln y = ln ax
ln y = a ln a
1 dy
= ln a (Diff. both sides w.r.t y)
y dx
dy
= y ln a
dx
dy
= ax ln a
dx

Thus,

Dr. Michael Munywoki (Technical University

Calculusof IMombasa)
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 Derivative of ax

Let y = ax

ln y = ln ax
ln y = a ln a
1 dy
= ln a (Diff. both sides w.r.t y)
y dx
dy
= y ln a
dx
dy
= ax ln a
dx

Thus,
d x
dx (a ) = ax ln a

Dr. Michael Munywoki (Technical University

Calculusof IMombasa)
Lecture Notes-May 2018 June 1, 2020 3 / 16
 Derivative of ax (Cont.)

Example 1.1

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 Derivative of ax (Cont.)

Example 1.1
Find the derivative of y = 3x

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Calculusof IMombasa)
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 Derivative of ax (Cont.)

Example 1.1
Find the derivative of y = 3x
Solution:

Dr. Michael Munywoki (Technical University

Calculusof IMombasa)
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 Derivative of ax (Cont.)

Example 1.1
Find the derivative of y = 3x
Solution:

ln y = x ln 3

Dr. Michael Munywoki (Technical University

Calculusof IMombasa)
Lecture Notes-May 2018 June 1, 2020 4 / 16
 Derivative of ax (Cont.)

Example 1.1
Find the derivative of y = 3x
Solution:

ln y = x ln 3
1 dy
⇒ = ln 3
y dx

Dr. Michael Munywoki (Technical University

Calculusof IMombasa)
Lecture Notes-May 2018 June 1, 2020 4 / 16
 Derivative of ax (Cont.)

Example 1.1
Find the derivative of y = 3x
Solution:

ln y = x ln 3
1 dy
⇒ = ln 3
y dx
dy
⇒ = y ln 3
dx

Dr. Michael Munywoki (Technical University

Calculusof IMombasa)
Lecture Notes-May 2018 June 1, 2020 4 / 16
 Derivative of ax (Cont.)

Example 1.1
Find the derivative of y = 3x
Solution:

ln y = x ln 3
1 dy
⇒ = ln 3
y dx
dy
⇒ = y ln 3
dx
= 3x ln 3

Dr. Michael Munywoki (Technical University

Calculusof IMombasa)
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 Derivative of ax (Cont.)

Example 1.2

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 Derivative of ax (Cont.)

Example 1.2
dy
Find dx in y = 3sin x

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Calculusof IMombasa)
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 Derivative of ax (Cont.)

Example 1.2
dy
Find dx in y = 3sin x
Solution:

Dr. Michael Munywoki (Technical University

Calculusof IMombasa)
Lecture Notes-May 2018 June 1, 2020 5 / 16
 Derivative of ax (Cont.)

Example 1.2
dy
Find dx in y = 3sin x
Solution:

ln y = sin x ln 3

Dr. Michael Munywoki (Technical University

Calculusof IMombasa)
Lecture Notes-May 2018 June 1, 2020 5 / 16
 Derivative of ax (Cont.)

Example 1.2
dy
Find dx in y = 3sin x
Solution:

ln y = sin x ln 3
1 dy
⇒ = cos x ln 3
y dx

Dr. Michael Munywoki (Technical University

Calculusof IMombasa)
Lecture Notes-May 2018 June 1, 2020 5 / 16
 Derivative of ax (Cont.)

Example 1.2
dy
Find dx in y = 3sin x
Solution:

ln y = sin x ln 3
1 dy
⇒ = cos x ln 3
y dx
dy
⇒ = y cos x ln 3
dx

Dr. Michael Munywoki (Technical University

Calculusof IMombasa)
Lecture Notes-May 2018 June 1, 2020 5 / 16
 Derivative of ax (Cont.)

Example 1.2
dy
Find dx in y = 3sin x
Solution:

ln y = sin x ln 3
1 dy
⇒ = cos x ln 3
y dx
dy
⇒ = y cos x ln 3
dx
= 3sin x cos x ln 3

Dr. Michael Munywoki (Technical University

Calculusof IMombasa)
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 Derivative of ax (Cont.)

Example 1.3

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 Derivative of ax (Cont.)

Example 1.3
dy
Find dx in y = xx

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Calculusof IMombasa)
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 Derivative of ax (Cont.)

Example 1.3
dy
Find dx in y = xx
Solution:

Dr. Michael Munywoki (Technical University

Calculusof IMombasa)
Lecture Notes-May 2018 June 1, 2020 6 / 16
 Derivative of ax (Cont.)

Example 1.3
dy
Find dx in y = xx
Solution:

ln y = x ln x

Dr. Michael Munywoki (Technical University

Calculusof IMombasa)
Lecture Notes-May 2018 June 1, 2020 6 / 16
 Derivative of ax (Cont.)

Example 1.3
dy
Find dx in y = xx
Solution:

ln y = x ln x
 
1 dy 1
⇒ = x + ln x
y dx x

Dr. Michael Munywoki (Technical University

Calculusof IMombasa)
Lecture Notes-May 2018 June 1, 2020 6 / 16
 Derivative of ax (Cont.)

Example 1.3
dy
Find dx in y = xx
Solution:

ln y = x ln x
 
1 dy 1
⇒ = x + ln x
y dx x
dy
⇒ = (ln x + 1)y
dx

Dr. Michael Munywoki (Technical University

Calculusof IMombasa)
Lecture Notes-May 2018 June 1, 2020 6 / 16
 Derivative of ax (Cont.)

Example 1.3
dy
Find dx in y = xx
Solution:

ln y = x ln x
 
1 dy 1
⇒ = x + ln x
y dx x
dy
⇒ = (ln x + 1)y
dx
= xx (ln x + 1)

Dr. Michael Munywoki (Technical University

Calculusof IMombasa)
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 Derivative of ax (Cont.)
Example 1.4

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 Derivative of ax (Cont.)
Example 1.4
dy
Find dx in y = ln(x2 + 6)

Dr. Michael Munywoki (Technical University

Calculusof IMombasa)
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 Derivative of ax (Cont.)
Example 1.4
dy
Find dx in y = ln(x2 + 6)
Solution:

Dr. Michael Munywoki (Technical University

Calculusof IMombasa)
Lecture Notes-May 2018 June 1, 2020 7 / 16
 Derivative of ax (Cont.)
Example 1.4
dy
Find dx in y = ln(x2 + 6)
Solution: Let u = x2 + 1;

Dr. Michael Munywoki (Technical University

Calculusof IMombasa)
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 Derivative of ax (Cont.)
Example 1.4
dy
Find dx in y = ln(x2 + 6)
Solution: Let u = x2 + 1; y = ln u

Dr. Michael Munywoki (Technical University

Calculusof IMombasa)
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 Derivative of ax (Cont.)
Example 1.4
dy
Find dx in y = ln(x2 + 6)
du
Solution: Let u = x2 + 1; y = ln u ⇒ dx = 2x

Dr. Michael Munywoki (Technical University

Calculusof IMombasa)
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 Derivative of ax (Cont.)
Example 1.4
dy
Find dx in y = ln(x2 + 6)
du dy
Solution: Let u = x2 + 1; y = ln u ⇒ dx = 2x and du = u1 .

Dr. Michael Munywoki (Technical University

Calculusof IMombasa)
Lecture Notes-May 2018 June 1, 2020 7 / 16
 Derivative of ax (Cont.)
Example 1.4
dy
Find dx in y = ln(x2 + 6)
du dy
Solution: Let u = x2 + 1; y = ln u ⇒ dx = 2x and du = u1 . Therefore,

Dr. Michael Munywoki (Technical University

Calculusof IMombasa)
Lecture Notes-May 2018 June 1, 2020 7 / 16
 Derivative of ax (Cont.)
Example 1.4
dy
Find dx in y = ln(x2 + 6)
du dy
Solution: Let u = x2 + 1; y = ln u ⇒ dx = 2x and du = u1 . Therefore,

dy 1 2x
= · 2x = 2
dx u x +6

Dr. Michael Munywoki (Technical University

Calculusof IMombasa)
Lecture Notes-May 2018 June 1, 2020 7 / 16
 Derivative of ax (Cont.)
Example 1.4
dy
Find dx in y = ln(x2 + 6)
du dy
Solution: Let u = x2 + 1; y = ln u ⇒ dx = 2x and du = u1 . Therefore,

dy 1 2x
= · 2x = 2
dx u x +6

Example 1.5

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 Derivative of ax (Cont.)
Example 1.4
dy
Find dx in y = ln(x2 + 6)
du dy
Solution: Let u = x2 + 1; y = ln u ⇒ dx = 2x and du = u1 . Therefore,

dy 1 2x
= · 2x = 2
dx u x +6

Example 1.5
dy √
Find dx in y = ln x + 1

Dr. Michael Munywoki (Technical University

Calculusof IMombasa)
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 Derivative of ax (Cont.)
Example 1.4
dy
Find dx in y = ln(x2 + 6)
du dy
Solution: Let u = x2 + 1; y = ln u ⇒ dx = 2x and du = u1 . Therefore,

dy 1 2x
= · 2x = 2
dx u x +6

Example 1.5
dy √
Find dx in y = ln x + 1
Solution:

Dr. Michael Munywoki (Technical University

Calculusof IMombasa)
Lecture Notes-May 2018 June 1, 2020 7 / 16
 Derivative of ax (Cont.)
Example 1.4
dy
Find dx in y = ln(x2 + 6)
du dy
Solution: Let u = x2 + 1; y = ln u ⇒ dx = 2x and du = u1 . Therefore,

dy 1 2x
= · 2x = 2
dx u x +6

Example 1.5
dy √
Find dx in y = ln x + 1
Solution:
1 1
y = ln(x + 1) 2 = ln(x + 1)
2

Dr. Michael Munywoki (Technical University

Calculusof IMombasa)
Lecture Notes-May 2018 June 1, 2020 7 / 16
 Derivative of ax (Cont.)
Example 1.4
dy
Find dx in y = ln(x2 + 6)
du dy
Solution: Let u = x2 + 1; y = ln u ⇒ dx = 2x and du = u1 . Therefore,

dy 1 2x
= · 2x = 2
dx u x +6

Example 1.5
dy √
Find dx in y = ln x + 1
Solution:
1 1
y = ln(x + 1) 2 = ln(x + 1)
2
dy 1 1 1
⇒ = · ·1=
dx 2 x+1 2(x + b1)
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 Derivative of ax (Cont.)

Example 1.6

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 Derivative of ax (Cont.)

Example 1.6
√
Find the derivative of y = ln x(x−1)
x+5
3.

Dr. Michael Munywoki (Technical University

Calculusof IMombasa)
Lecture Notes-May 2018 June 1, 2020 8 / 16
 Derivative of ax (Cont.)

Example 1.6
√
Find the derivative of y = ln x(x−1)
x+5
3.

Solution:

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Calculusof IMombasa)
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 Derivative of ax (Cont.)

Example 1.6
√
Find the derivative of y = ln x(x−1)
x+5
3.

Solution:
√
x x+5 √
ln = ln x x + 5 − ln(x − 1)3
(x − 1)3

Dr. Michael Munywoki (Technical University

Calculusof IMombasa)
Lecture Notes-May 2018 June 1, 2020 8 / 16
 Derivative of ax (Cont.)

Example 1.6
√
Find the derivative of y = ln x(x−1)
x+5
3.

Solution:
√
x x+5 √
ln = ln x x + 5 − ln(x − 1)3
(x − 1)3
√
= ln x + ln x + 5 − ln(x − 1)3

Dr. Michael Munywoki (Technical University

Calculusof IMombasa)
Lecture Notes-May 2018 June 1, 2020 8 / 16
 Derivative of ax (Cont.)

Example 1.6
√
Find the derivative of y = ln x(x−1)
x+5
3.

Solution:
√
x x+5 √
ln = ln x x + 5 − ln(x − 1)3
(x − 1)3
√
= ln x + ln x + 5 − ln(x − 1)3
1
= ln x + ln(x + 5) − 3 ln(x − 1)
2

Dr. Michael Munywoki (Technical University

Calculusof IMombasa)
Lecture Notes-May 2018 June 1, 2020 8 / 16
 Derivative of ax (Cont.)

Example 1.6
√
Find the derivative of y = ln x(x−1)
x+5
3.

Solution:
√
x x+5 √
ln = ln x x + 5 − ln(x − 1)3
(x − 1)3
√
= ln x + ln x + 5 − ln(x − 1)3
1
= ln x + ln(x + 5) − 3 ln(x − 1)
2

Example 1.7

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 Derivative of ax (Cont.)

Example 1.6
√
Find the derivative of y = ln x(x−1)
x+5
3.

Solution:
√
x x+5 √
ln = ln x x + 5 − ln(x − 1)3
(x − 1)3
√
= ln x + ln x + 5 − ln(x − 1)3
1
= ln x + ln(x + 5) − 3 ln(x − 1)
2

Example 1.7
2 +1
Find the derivative of y = (x2 + 1)1 0 + 10x .

Dr. Michael Munywoki (Technical University

Calculusof IMombasa)
Lecture Notes-May 2018 June 1, 2020 8 / 16
 Derivative of ax (Cont.)

Example 1.6
√
Find the derivative of y = ln x(x−1)
x+5
3.

Solution:
√
x x+5 √
ln = ln x x + 5 − ln(x − 1)3
(x − 1)3
√
= ln x + ln x + 5 − ln(x − 1)3
1
= ln x + ln(x + 5) − 3 ln(x − 1)
2

Example 1.7
2 +1
Find the derivative of y = (x2 + 1)1 0 + 10x .
Solution:

Dr. Michael Munywoki (Technical University

Calculusof IMombasa)
Lecture Notes-May 2018 June 1, 2020 8 / 16
 Derivative of ax (Cont.)

Example 1.6
√
Find the derivative of y = ln x(x−1)
x+5
3.

Solution:
√
x x+5 √
ln = ln x x + 5 − ln(x − 1)3
(x − 1)3
√
= ln x + ln x + 5 − ln(x − 1)3
1
= ln x + ln(x + 5) − 3 ln(x − 1)
2

Example 1.7
2 +1
Find the derivative of y = (x2 + 1)1 0 + 10x .
Solution:
dy 2 9 d x2 +1 ) = 20(x2 + 1)9 + 2x · 10x
2 +1
dx = 10(2x)(x + 1) + dx (10 ln 10
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 Exercise

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 Exercise
d2 y
In the questions 1–10, find dx .

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 Exercise
d2 y
In the questions 1–10, find dx .
1. y = ln(3x2 + 2x)

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Calculusof IMombasa)
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 Exercise
d2 y
In the questions 1–10, find dx .
1. y = ln(3x2 + 2x)
3. y = 7x

Dr. Michael Munywoki (Technical University

Calculusof IMombasa)
Lecture Notes-May 2018 June 1, 2020 9 / 16
 Exercise
d2 y
In the questions 1–10, find dx .
1. y = ln(3x2 + 2x)
3. y = 7x
√
cos x
5. y = x2 sin x

Dr. Michael Munywoki (Technical University

Calculusof IMombasa)
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 Exercise
d2 y
In the questions 1–10, find dx .
1. y = ln(3x2 + 2x)
3. y = 7x
√
cos x
5. y = x2 sin x
7. y = ln(ln x)

Dr. Michael Munywoki (Technical University

Calculusof IMombasa)
Lecture Notes-May 2018 June 1, 2020 9 / 16
 Exercise
d2 y
In the questions 1–10, find dx .
1. y = ln(3x2 + 2x)
3. y = 7x
√
cos x
5. y = x2 sin x
7. y = ln(ln x)
1
9. y = 2 ln 1+x
1−x

Dr. Michael Munywoki (Technical University

Calculusof IMombasa)
Lecture Notes-May 2018 June 1, 2020 9 / 16
 Exercise
d2 y
In the questions 1–10, find dx .
1. y = ln(3x2 + 2x) 2. y = (ln x)3
3. y = 7x
√
cos x
5. y = x2 sin x
7. y = ln(ln x)
1
9. y = 2 ln 1+x
1−x

Dr. Michael Munywoki (Technical University

Calculusof IMombasa)
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 Exercise
d2 y
In the questions 1–10, find dx .
1. y = ln(3x2 + 2x) 2. y = (ln x)3
√
3. y = 7x x3 3 x−5
√
4. y = 1+sin3 x
cos x
5. y = x2 sin x
7. y = ln(ln x)
1
9. y = 2 ln 1+x
1−x

Dr. Michael Munywoki (Technical University

Calculusof IMombasa)
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 Exercise
d2 y
In the questions 1–10, find dx .
1. y = ln(3x2 + 2x) 2. y = (ln x)3
√
3. y = 7x x3 3 x−5
√
4. y = 1+sin3 x
5. y = cos x √
3
x2 sin x 6. y = ln cos x
7. y = ln(ln x)
1
9. y = 2 ln 1+x
1−x

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Calculusof IMombasa)
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 Exercise
d2 y
In the questions 1–10, find dx .
1. y = ln(3x2 + 2x) 2. y = (ln x)3
√
3. y = 7x x3 3 x−5
√
4. y = 1+sin3 x
5. y = cos x √
3
x2 sin x 6. y = ln cos x
7. y = ln(ln x) 8. y = ln x
1+ln x
1 1+x
9. y = 2 ln 1−x

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Calculusof IMombasa)
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 Exercise
d2 y
In the questions 1–10, find dx .
1. y = ln(3x2 + 2x) 2. y = (ln x)3
√
3. y = 7x x3 3 x−5
√
4. y = 1+sin3 x
5. y = cos x √
3
x2 sin x 6. y = ln cos x
7. y = ln(ln x) 8. y = ln x
1+ln x
1 1+x
9. y = 2 ln 1−x 10. y = sin xtan x

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 Derivative of ex

Since ln 2 < 1 and ln 4 > 1, then by intermediate value theorem ∃ a

number between 2 and 4 such whose natural logarithm is equal to 1.

Dr. Michael Munywoki (Technical University

Calculusof IMombasa)
Lecture Notes-May 2018 June 1, 2020 10 / 16
 Derivative of ex

Since ln 2 < 1 and ln 4 > 1, then by intermediate value theorem ∃ a

number between 2 and 4 such whose natural logarithm is equal to 1.

Since ln x is 1-1, there is on;y one such number.

Dr. Michael Munywoki (Technical University

Calculusof IMombasa)
Lecture Notes-May 2018 June 1, 2020 10 / 16
 Derivative of ex

Since ln 2 < 1 and ln 4 > 1, then by intermediate value theorem ∃ a

number between 2 and 4 such whose natural logarithm is equal to 1.

Since ln x is 1-1, there is on;y one such number. We denote it by the letter
e,named after the Swiss mathematician Euler who wrote about.

Dr. Michael Munywoki (Technical University

Calculusof IMombasa)
Lecture Notes-May 2018 June 1, 2020 10 / 16
 Derivative of ex

Since ln 2 < 1 and ln 4 > 1, then by intermediate value theorem ∃ a

number between 2 and 4 such whose natural logarithm is equal to 1.

Since ln x is 1-1, there is on;y one such number. We denote it by the letter
e,named after the Swiss mathematician Euler who wrote about.

e = ln−1 1 and ln e = 1

Dr. Michael Munywoki (Technical University

Calculusof IMombasa)
Lecture Notes-May 2018 June 1, 2020 10 / 16
 Derivative of ex

Since ln 2 < 1 and ln 4 > 1, then by intermediate value theorem ∃ a

number between 2 and 4 such whose natural logarithm is equal to 1.

Since ln x is 1-1, there is on;y one such number. We denote it by the letter
e,named after the Swiss mathematician Euler who wrote about.

e = ln−1 1 and ln e = 1

Generally,

Dr. Michael Munywoki (Technical University

Calculusof IMombasa)
Lecture Notes-May 2018 June 1, 2020 10 / 16
 Derivative of ex

Since ln 2 < 1 and ln 4 > 1, then by intermediate value theorem ∃ a

number between 2 and 4 such whose natural logarithm is equal to 1.

Since ln x is 1-1, there is on;y one such number. We denote it by the letter
e,named after the Swiss mathematician Euler who wrote about.

e = ln−1 1 and ln e = 1

Generally,
ex = ln−1 x

Dr. Michael Munywoki (Technical University

Calculusof IMombasa)
Lecture Notes-May 2018 June 1, 2020 10 / 16
 Derivative of ex

Since ln 2 < 1 and ln 4 > 1, then by intermediate value theorem ∃ a

number between 2 and 4 such whose natural logarithm is equal to 1.

Since ln x is 1-1, there is on;y one such number. We denote it by the letter
e,named after the Swiss mathematician Euler who wrote about.

e = ln−1 1 and ln e = 1

Generally,
ex = ln−1 x

Since y = ex and y = ln x are inverses of one another,

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 Derivative of ex

Since ln 2 < 1 and ln 4 > 1, then by intermediate value theorem ∃ a

number between 2 and 4 such whose natural logarithm is equal to 1.

Since ln x is 1-1, there is on;y one such number. We denote it by the letter
e,named after the Swiss mathematician Euler who wrote about.

e = ln−1 1 and ln e = 1

Generally,
ex = ln−1 x

Since y = ex and y = ln x are inverses of one another, ln ex = x and

eln x = x.

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 Derivative of ex (Cont.)

The function y = ex is differentiable since it is the inverse of a differential

function whose derivative is never zero.

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 Derivative of ex (Cont.)

The function y = ex is differentiable since it is the inverse of a differential

function whose derivative is never zero.

Figure 1: y = ex

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 Derivative of ex (Cont.)

Let y = ex , then taking natural logarithms on both sides we have

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 Derivative of ex (Cont.)

Let y = ex , then taking natural logarithms on both sides we have

ln y = ln ex

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 Derivative of ex (Cont.)

Let y = ex , then taking natural logarithms on both sides we have

ln y = ln ex
ln y = x

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 Derivative of ex (Cont.)

Let y = ex , then taking natural logarithms on both sides we have

ln y = ln ex
ln y = x
1 dy
= 1
y dx

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 Derivative of ex (Cont.)

Let y = ex , then taking natural logarithms on both sides we have

ln y = ln ex
ln y = x
1 dy
= 1
y dx
dy
⇒ = y = ex
dx

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 Derivative of ex (Cont.)

Let y = ex , then taking natural logarithms on both sides we have

ln y = ln ex
ln y = x
1 dy
= 1
y dx
dy
⇒ = y = ex
dx

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 Derivative of ex (Cont.)

Let y = ex , then taking natural logarithms on both sides we have

ln y = ln ex
ln y = x
1 dy
= 1
y dx
dy
⇒ = y = ex
dx

d x
∴ dx (e ) = ex

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 Derivative of ex Cont.
Example 1.8

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 Derivative of ex Cont.
Example 1.8
dy
Find dx given y = eax .

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 Derivative of ex Cont.
Example 1.8
dy
Find dx given y = eax .

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 Derivative of ex Cont.
Example 1.8
dy
Find dx given y = eax .
Solution:

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 Derivative of ex Cont.
Example 1.8
dy
Find dx given y = eax .
Solution: Let u = ax; y = eu

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 Derivative of ex Cont.
Example 1.8
dy
Find dx given y = eax .
du dy
Solution: Let u = ax; y = eu ⇒ dx = a and du = eu .

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 Derivative of ex Cont.
Example 1.8
dy
Find dx given y = eax .
du dy
Solution: Let u = ax; y = eu ⇒ dx = a and du = eu . Therefore,
dy dy du u ax
dx = du × dx = ae = ae .

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 Derivative of ex Cont.
Example 1.8
dy
Find dx given y = eax .
du dy
Solution: Let u = ax; y = eu ⇒ dx = a and du = eu . Therefore,
dy dy du u ax
dx = du × dx = ae = ae .

Example 1.9

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 Derivative of ex Cont.
Example 1.8
dy
Find dx given y = eax .
du dy
Solution: Let u = ax; y = eu ⇒ dx = a and du = eu . Therefore,
dy dy du u ax
dx = du × dx = ae = ae .

Example 1.9
dy
Find dx given y = esin x .

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 Derivative of ex Cont.
Example 1.8
dy
Find dx given y = eax .
du dy
Solution: Let u = ax; y = eu ⇒ dx = a and du = eu . Therefore,
dy dy du u ax
dx = du × dx = ae = ae .

Example 1.9
dy
Find dx given y = esin x .

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 Derivative of ex Cont.
Example 1.8
dy
Find dx given y = eax .
du dy
Solution: Let u = ax; y = eu ⇒ dx = a and du = eu . Therefore,
dy dy du u ax
dx = du × dx = ae = ae .

Example 1.9
dy
Find dx given y = esin x .
Solution:

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 Derivative of ex Cont.
Example 1.8
dy
Find dx given y = eax .
du dy
Solution: Let u = ax; y = eu ⇒ dx = a and du = eu . Therefore,
dy dy du u ax
dx = du × dx = ae = ae .

Example 1.9
dy
Find dx given y = esin x .
Solution: Let u = sin x; y = eu

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 Derivative of ex Cont.
Example 1.8
dy
Find dx given y = eax .
du dy
Solution: Let u = ax; y = eu ⇒ dx = a and du = eu . Therefore,
dy dy du u ax
dx = du × dx = ae = ae .

Example 1.9
dy
Find dx given y = esin x .
du dy
Solution: Let u = sin x; y = eu ⇒ dx = cos x and du = eu .

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 Derivative of ex Cont.
Example 1.8
dy
Find dx given y = eax .
du dy
Solution: Let u = ax; y = eu ⇒ dx = a and du = eu . Therefore,
dy dy du u ax
dx = du × dx = ae = ae .

Example 1.9
dy
Find dx given y = esin x .
dy
Solution: Let u = sin x; y = eu ⇒ du dx = cos x and du = eu . Therefore,
dy dy du u sin x
dx = du × dx = cos xe = e cos x.

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 Derivative of ex Cont.
Example 1.8
dy
Find dx given y = eax .
du dy
Solution: Let u = ax; y = eu ⇒ dx = a and du = eu . Therefore,
dy dy du u ax
dx = du × dx = ae = ae .

Example 1.9
dy
Find dx given y = esin x .
dy
Solution: Let u = sin x; y = eu ⇒ du dx = cos x and du = eu . Therefore,
dy dy du u sin x
dx = du × dx = cos xe = e cos x.

Example 1.10

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 Derivative of ex Cont.
Example 1.8
dy
Find dx given y = eax .
du dy
Solution: Let u = ax; y = eu ⇒ dx = a and du = eu . Therefore,
dy dy du u ax
dx = du × dx = ae = ae .

Example 1.9
dy
Find dx given y = esin x .
dy
Solution: Let u = sin x; y = eu ⇒ du dx = cos x and du = eu . Therefore,
dy dy du u sin x
dx = du × dx = cos xe = e cos x.

Example 1.10
dy
Find dx given y = x2 ex .

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 Derivative of ex Cont.
Example 1.8
dy
Find dx given y = eax .
du dy
Solution: Let u = ax; y = eu ⇒ dx = a and du = eu . Therefore,
dy dy du u ax
dx = du × dx = ae = ae .

Example 1.9
dy
Find dx given y = esin x .
dy
Solution: Let u = sin x; y = eu ⇒ du dx = cos x and du = eu . Therefore,
dy dy du u sin x
dx = du × dx = cos xe = e cos x.

Example 1.10
dy
Find dx given y = x2 ex .

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 Derivative of ex Cont.
Example 1.8
dy
Find dx given y = eax .
du dy
Solution: Let u = ax; y = eu ⇒ dx = a and du = eu . Therefore,
dy dy du u ax
dx = du × dx = ae = ae .

Example 1.9
dy
Find dx given y = esin x .
dy
Solution: Let u = sin x; y = eu ⇒ du dx = cos x and du = eu . Therefore,
dy dy du u sin x
dx = du × dx = cos xe = e cos x.

Example 1.10
dy
Find dx given y = x2 ex .
Solution:
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 Derivative of ex Cont.
Example 1.8
dy
Find dx given y = eax .
du dy
Solution: Let u = ax; y = eu ⇒ dx = a and du = eu . Therefore,
dy dy du u ax
dx = du × dx = ae = ae .

Example 1.9
dy
Find dx given y = esin x .
dy
Solution: Let u = sin x; y = eu ⇒ du dx = cos x and du = eu . Therefore,
dy dy du u sin x
dx = du × dx = cos xe = e cos x.

Example 1.10
dy
Find dx given y = x2 ex .
dy
Solution: dx = x2 ex + ex (2x) = x2 ex + 2xex = xex (x + 2)
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 Exercise

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 Exercise
dy
In the questions 1–10, find dx .

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 Exercise
dy
In the questions 1–10, find dx .
√
2
1. y = e x +1

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 Exercise
dy
In the questions 1–10, find dx .
√
2
1. y = e x +1
3. y = e(x+1)

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 Exercise
dy
In the questions 1–10, find dx .
√
2
1. y = e x +1
3. y = e(x+1)
ex −e−1
5. y = ex +e−x

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 Exercise
dy
In the questions 1–10, find dx .
√
2
1. y = e x +1
3. y = e(x+1)
ex −e−1
5. y = ex +e−x
ex
7. y = ln 1+e x

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 Exercise
dy
In the questions 1–10, find dx .
√
2
1. y = e x +1
3. y = e(x+1)
ex −e−1
5. y = ex +e−x
ex
7. y = ln 1+e x

9. y = sin e−x

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 Exercise
dy
In the questions 1–10, find dx .
√
2
1. y = e x +1 2. e2y = x2
3. y = e(x+1)
ex −e−1
5. y = ex +e−x
ex
7. y = ln 1+e x

9. y = sin e−x

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 Exercise
dy
In the questions 1–10, find dx .
√
2
1. y = e x +1 2. e2y = x2
3. y = e(x+1) 4. exy − 3x + 3y 2 = 1
ex −e−1
5. y = ex +e−x
e x
7. y = ln 1+ex

9. y = sin e−x

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 Exercise
dy
In the questions 1–10, find dx .
√
2
1. y = e x +1 2. e2y = x2
3. y = e(x+1) 4. exy − 3x + 3y 2 = 1
ex −e−1 6. y = tan−1 (ex )
5. y = ex +e−x
e x
7. y = ln 1+ex

9. y = sin e−x

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 Exercise
dy
In the questions 1–10, find dx .
√
2
1. y = e x +1 2. e2y = x2
3. y = e(x+1) 4. exy − 3x + 3y 2 = 1
ex −e−1 6. y = tan−1 (ex )
5. y = ex +e−x
x
p
e
7. y = ln 1+ex
8. y = ln e2x + e[ − 2x]
9. y = sin e−x

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 Exercise
dy
In the questions 1–10, find dx .
√
2
1. y = e x +1 2. e2y = x2
3. y = e(x+1) 4. exy − 3x + 3y 2 = 1
ex −e−1 6. y = tan−1 (ex )
5. y = ex +e−x
x
p
e
7. y = ln 1+ex
8. y = ln e2x + e[ − 2x]
9. y = sin e−x 10. xey + 2x − ln(y + 1) = 3

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 Outline for section 2

1 Derivatives
Exponential Functions

2 Bibliography

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 Bibliography I

[1] J Stewart, Calculus, (Third Edition), CENGAGE Learning, Belmont,

CA, 2012.
[2] D. F. Wright, S. P. Hurd and B. D. New, Essential Calculus, (Second
Edition), Hawkes learning System, Charleston, SC, 2008.
[3] M. Sullivan, Algebra & Trigonometry, (Eighth Edition), Pearson
Prentice Hall, upper Saddle River, New Jersey, NJ, 2008.
[4] D. Verberg, E. J. Purcell and S. E. Rigdon, Calculus, (Ninth Edition),
Pearson Prentice Hall, upper Saddle River, New Jersey, NJ, 2007.

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