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Tutorial 2

The document contains a tutorial for an IS141 Probability and Statistics course at Ardhi University, presenting various probability problems and scenarios. It includes questions on independent events, conditional probabilities, and real-world applications of probability in different contexts. The problems range from calculating the probability of positive products from selected numbers to analyzing the likelihood of illness based on symptoms.

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3 views2 pages

Tutorial 2

The document contains a tutorial for an IS141 Probability and Statistics course at Ardhi University, presenting various probability problems and scenarios. It includes questions on independent events, conditional probabilities, and real-world applications of probability in different contexts. The problems range from calculating the probability of positive products from selected numbers to analyzing the likelihood of illness based on symptoms.

Uploaded by

stam10miston
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

1

Ardhi University
IS141: Probability and Statistics

Tutorial 2

1. From 6 positive and 8 negative numbers, 4 numbers are chosen at random (without replacement)
and multiplied. What is the probability that the product is positive?

2. If the events A and B are independent, prove that A and B̄ are also independent.

3. If B ⊂ A, prove that P (A ∩ B c ) = P (A) − P (B).

4. Two students A and B work independently on a problem. The probability that A will solve it is
3/4 and the probability that B will solve it is 2/3. What the probability that the problem will be
solved?

5. The probability that person A will live up to 60 years is 3/4 and the probability that person B
will live up to 60 years is 2/3. What is the probability that both A and B will live up to 60 years?

6. A box contains four tickets with numbers 112, 121, 211, 222 and one ticket is drawn. Let Ai (i =
1, 2, 3) be the event that the ith digit of the number of tickets drawn is 1. Discuss the independence
of the events A1 , A2 , A3 .

7. Three candidates U, V and W are selected for the position of a general manager in a company
whose chances of getting the appointment are in the proportion 4 : 2 : 3 respectively. The
probability that if U is selected will improve the office canteen is 0.3. The probability of V and
W doing the same are 0.5 and 0.8 respectively. What is the probability that the office canteen
will be improved?

8. Suppose that, in a particular city, airport A handles 50% of all airline traffic, and airports B and
C handle 30% and 20%, respectively. The detection rates for weapons at the three airports are
0.9, 0.8, and 0.85, respectively. If a passenger at one of the airports is found to be carrying a
weapon through the boarding gate, what is the probability that the passenger is using (a) airport
A? (b) Airport C?

9. Different illnesses can produce identical symptoms. Suppose a particular set of symptoms, which
we will denote as event H, occurs only when any one of three illnesses A, B, or C occurs.
(For the sake of simplicity, we will assume that illnesses A, B, and C are mutually exclusive).
Studies show that the probabilities of getting the three illnesses are P (A) = 0.01, P (B) = 0.005,
P (C) = 0.02 respectively. The probabilities of developing the symptoms H given a specific illness,
are P (H|A) = 0.90, P (H|B) = 0.95, P (H|C) = 0.75. respectively. Assuming that an ill person
shows the symptoms H, what is the probability that the person has illness A?
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10. A lot consists of 10 good articles, 4 with minor defects and 2 with major defects. Two articles
are chosen from the lot at random (without replacement). Find the probability that (i) both are
good, (ii) both have major defects, (iii) at least 1 is good, (iv) at most 1 is good, (v) exactly 1 is
good, (vi) neither has major defects and (vii) neither is good.

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