If, for a single-phase half-bridge inverter, the amplitude of output voltage is V, and the output power is P, then their correspondin r cee ® values for a single-phase full-bridge inv (a) VP (6) 2V..P (c) 2V,. 2P (d) 2V,, 4P. In voltage source inverters (a) load voltage waveform v, depends on load impedance Z, whereas load current waveform i, does not depend on Z (b) both v and i, depend on Z (c) vy does not depend on Z whereas i, depends on Z (d) both v, and i, do not depend upon Z. A single-phase full bridge inverter can operate in load-commutation mode in case load consists of (a) RL (6) RLC underdamped (c) RLC overdamped (a) RLC critically damped A single-phase bridge inverter delivers power to a series connected RLC load with R=2Q, al =8Q. For this inverter-load combination, load commutation is possible in case the magnitude of 1/C in ohms is (@) 10 (8 6 (d) zero. In the half-bridge inverter of Fig. C8.1, main thyristor T1 is conducting a load current With polarity of the capacitor voltage as shown, when auxiliary thyristor TAL is turned on, capacitor current i, 1. would flow through D1, because capacitor voltage v, forward bis 2. cannot flow through D1, because voltage drop across TL reverse bias 3. cannot flow through 1, because thyristor is unidirectional device i 4. would flow through T1, such that load current minus i, flows from anode to eathod® From these, the correct statements are @) 1,3 (©) 3 only diode D1 D1 (d)4 only.ra Power ELectronics (a) square wave (b) triangular wave (c) sine wave (d) pulsed wave. 22. A VSI will have better performance if its (a) load inductance is small and source inductance 1s large (b) both load inductance and source inductance are small (c) both load inductance and source inductance are large (d) load inductance is large and source inductance is small. ; 23. A series capacitor commutated inverter can operate satisfactorily if im @ wz = (35) © Le Ry’ (d)irrespective of the values of R, L and C. LC ~\2L 24, Simplest method of eliminating third harmonic from the output voltage waveform of a single-phase bridge inverter is to use (a) inverters in series (b) single-pulse modulation (c) stepped-wave inverters (@) multiple-pulse modulation 25. A PWM switching scheme is (a) reduce the total harmonic distortion with modest filtering (b) minimise the load on the de side (c) increase the life of the batteries (d) reduce low-order harmoni ed in single-phase inverters to and increase high-order harmonies. 26. In three-phase 180°-mode bridge inverter, the lowest order harmonic in the line to neutral output voltage (fundamental frequency output = 50 Hz) is (a) 100 Hz (b) 150 Hz (c) 200 Hz (d) 250 Hz. 27. A single-phase inverter has square wave output voltage. What is the percentage of the fifth harmonic component in relation to the fundamental component ? (@) 40% (6) 30% (c) 20% (d) 10%. 28, A time-margin for series inverter ensures (a) low power loss (b) safety of the device (c) improved power factor (d) absence of harmonies. A single-phase full-bridge VSI operating in square- i inductive load Ifthe inverter time period is? then the time dosatine pe elec of the feedback diodes conduct in a cycle is, @T (o) 7/2 © 14 ats, 30, Consider the following statements : 1, Inherent short-circuit operation 3, Need for inverter grade thyristors 29, duration for which each 2. Regeneration capability 4. Voltage spikes across the load.(¢_-Osuective Tyee Questions which of these features are associ, : @) 1,2and3 ‘ociated with CSI? o 13and4 2, Sand spe output voltages e, and e, of two (@)1,2 and 4, she full-bridge inverters are added usin, output transformers. In order nd , - Srminate the fifth harmonic from the 2° = "| y ie output voltage, the phase angle 3 Nv. a petween &, and e, Should be | | Ly,-2] — t——-> tO x (a) = rad av 3 Wy we ey gm i) Erad ISU 4 k Fig, C83 © $m E rad. @ Er 4g, Fulkbridge inverter is shown in Fig, ©83. The maximum rms oT Pee al frequeney is um rms output voltage V,, at (a) 24V (b)21.61V (c) 43.22 V. (d) 48 V, 33, Ina 1-phase bridge inverter, the maximum value of fundamental component of load current is J. For a Joad which is highly inductive in nature, the maximum value of nth harmonic component of load current would be @ + 6) n @ +t @L z W wn mum value of fundamental component of load 4. Ina L-phase bridge inverter, the maxi r ¥ current is, Fora load which is highly capacitive in nature, the maximum ¥ alue of nth | dae tamponent of load current would De _ le On oon o 4 @E Ina L-phas anverter, the maximum valu phase bridge inverter, the WT Sstve in t would be % of fundamental component of load » current is | For a load which i otieare, the maximum value of nth is ‘or a load w! | harmonic component of load current at oe n ®t wl 037. 41. 42. i aa 1, fed from a fixed de source, is vareg Output voltage of a single-phase bridge inverte by idth modulation . (p) pulse-width modul frequency (a) varying the switching frequ coil et the above. (c) pulse amplitude modulation hase load. Upon Fourier analy A S-phase VSI supplies a purely init ean h-th order harmonic of magnitude y the output voltage waveform is fon 1), The load current would then hay! times that of the fundamental component (0, ave an h-th order harmonic of magnitude (a) zero (b) a, times the fundamental frequency component (c) hc, times the fundamental frequency component oe (d) ay/h times the fundamental frequency component. GATE, 2000) ‘A 3-phase VSI supplies a purely capacitive 3-phase load. Upon Fourier analysis, the output voltage waveform is found to have an A-th order harmonic of magnitude a, times that of the fundamental component (ot, < 1). The load current would then have an h-th order harmonic of magnitude (a) zero (b) a, times the fundamental frequency component (c) ha, times the fundamental frequency component (d) «,/h times the fundamental frequency component. ‘A3-phase VSI supplies a purely resistive three-phase load. Upon Fourier analysis, the output voltage waveform is found to have an h-th order harmonic of magnitude o,, times that of the fundamental component («,, < 1). The load current would then have an h-th order harmonic of magnitude (a) zero (b) c,, times the fundamental frequency component (c) A. c;, times the fundamental frequeney component (d) a,/h times the fundamental frequency component. ). What is the rms value of the voltage (a) By waveform shown in Fig, C8.4? e 7 (a) 2 by) =v | a + () 200 | [ (d) 100 V. (GATE, 2002) | zs The output voltage waveform of a [3 F a 3-phase square-wave inverter contains ” a pete (6) both odd and eateries Iv cs ) s (d) only triplen harmoni Fig. C8.5 (a) shows an inverter circuit with a de source vol "The semiconductor switches of the inverter are operated in ee ee ‘uch a manner that pp and jg are as shown in Fig. C8.5 (6). What is the rms value of eee eiea ?8. 4. 46, . The output voltage waveform of @ 3-phase sau id ) (GATE, 2002) ; [Hint. Here v= yo ~ Yo! Aninverter has a periodic output voltage with the output waveform as shown in Fig. C8.6. as When conduction angle a = 120°, the rms - + fundamental component of the output voltage = 1 is 0 (a) 078V (b) 1.10 1 () 09V Fig. C8.6 (@) 1.27V. (GATE, 2003) With reference to the output voltage waveform given in Fig. 8.6, the output of the aoe rose reill be free from 5th harmonic when ee (b) a= 36" peas (d)a= 150°. @ (GATE, 2003) are-wave inverter contains no third harmonics in ey oneee acces mode line voltages in 120° mode From these, the correct statements are @134 (1,23 2 2, 3,4. fae Ore espect of arallel capacitor commutation in e voltages in 120° mode 2. phas in 180° mode ‘4, phase voltages ey commutation is superior € P () over iber of components ©) eee spike at the output . @ ti moos reduction in SOR cute” ieger circuit.Power ELECTRONS: AT. 49. 52. istors without forced ‘A single-phase bridge inverter can be designed by having thyristo1 commutation circuitry if the load it is handling is nce (a) series combination of resistance and a large inductat capacitance (b) series combination of resistance and a lange capact ——— spy resonant (c) series combination of resistance, capacitance AN ‘itching frequency frequency of the circuit being lower than the inverter awit Bf SY a) series combination of resistance, inductance and Capri tr et frequency of the circuit being higher than the inverter 3-phase bridg ‘The power delivered to a star-connected load of RQ per phase, from a 3-pl ige sreren fed from fixed de souree, is 10 kW for 180° mode, For 120 mode, the power delivered to load would be (a) 10 kW (b) 5 kW (c) 6.667 kW (d) 7.5 kW. elow es Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given Delow the = List I : List IT A. Freewheeling diode 1. Voltage spikes in the output voltage B. Feedback diode 2. Peaks in the inverter current C. Current source inverter 3, Inductive loads of phase-controlled converters D. Voltage source inverter 4, Inductive loads of de to ac inverters Codes A BC D A BC D a4 3 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 2 1 @4 3 21 Control of frequency and control of voltage in 3-phase inverters operating in 120° mode or 180° mode of conduction is «) possible only through inverter control cireuit 6) possible through the control circuit of inverter and converter simultaneously ‘c) possible through inverter control for frequency and through converter control for voltage 4) possible through converter control only. In a series resonant inverter 4) the load current has square waveform 6) trigger frequency is higher than damped resonant frequency ‘) change of frequency does not alter transferred power (4) output voltage depends upon damping factor of the load. In McMurray commutation circuit, the circuit turn-off time is a) dependent on load current and independent of operating f 5) dependent on load current and also on load powe (c) independent of load current and dependent on oj (d) independent of load current. and dependent on r quency + factor perating frequency ‘veovery period.‘Appenoix C—Osuective Type Questions 53. In a 8-phase brid ge inverter, the line to line voltage 1. square wave for 180° mode 2. ee 3. stepped wave for 180° mode 4 From these, the correct statements are (a) 1,3 (6) 2,3 square wave for 120° mode stepped wave for 120° mode ear (1,4 (d) 2,4. 3-phase 180° mode bridge inverter, feeding 2 . 1g a star-connected load with open neutral, the third harmonic component will be present. in ow 54. (a) voltage of each inverter phase with respect to the mid-point of the de source (b) line to line output voltage (c) line currents (d) none of the above 55. A single-phase bridge inverter shown > in Fig. C8.7, has an ideal transformer with primary turns equal to 10. For | X A obtaining a fundamental frequency | output voltage of 240 V, the number of = Yt . secondary turns in transformer should | | be equal to (take m= 3) x zk (a) 120 () 150 | —_j _4___+— () 1502 (d) 150/ V2 Fig. €8.7 56. The operating frequency of a self-oscillating inverter using saturable core is dependent upon (a) battery voltage only (b) battery voltage and saturation flux density (c) battery voltage, saturation flux density and number of turns on primary winding (d) load circuit power factor. 57. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists : List I List IT |A. Phase-controlled rectifier feeding 1. Depends on the values of Rand RL load with perfect smoothing L of the load B. Single-pulse converter feeding 2. Depends on firing angle RL load ©. Aconstant de voltage fed de to ae 8, Constant and independent of R and inverter feeding RL load Lof the load D. Aconstant de current-fed de to ac 4. Depends on firiag angle and also inverter feeding RL load impedance angle of the load Codes : A B Cc D A BC D (a2 3 4 21 1 4 3 2 1 3 4 2 (d)2 4 31a al j Powan ELroTHOMes 58. 62. 64, in the output voltage (V,./V,, 0)? In a S-phase VSI operating in square-wave mode, the output line voltage is free from c (b) 7th harmonic o ith barman (d) Lath harmonic. (LE.S., 2006) Which of the following are th kk diodes in a MeMurray inverter ? ict ¢ Follo re the 1. To freewheel the load current 2. To provide required reverse bias acrons 3. To provide the return path for the react! 4. To provide a path for the excoss of commutation current a Select the correct answer using the code given below 2and4 ) 2,Sand4 (b) 2 and / ¢ 1, 2and3 (d)3 and 4 (LA.S., 2005) {A S-phase inverter is fed from 600 V source. For a star-connected load of 15 © per phase, the rms load current for 120° conduction is functions of foedbac! tho outgoing thyristor ive current of load bove the load current ) (i S aes (12 (LA.S., 2003) A single-phase full-bridge voltage source ' - inverter feeds a purely inductive load, as Dn Kor ae shown in Fig. C8.8, where T1, T2, T3, T4 4 T z are power transistors and D1, D2, D3, D4 ake are feedback diodes. The inverter is 7 | operated in square wave mode with a ] l frequency of 50 Hz. If the average load Zum Bos Doo “rn current is zero, what is the time duration g If ime of conduction of each feedback diode in a : 7 cycle? Fig. €8.8 (a) 5 msec (b) 10 msec (c) 20 msec (d) 2.5 msec. A l-phase VSI is feeding a purely inductive load L = 0.1 H as shown in Fig. C8.8. The anverter is operated at 50 Hz in 180° square-wave mode. Assume that the load current does not have any de component. For source voltage of 200 V de, the peak value of the inductor current in L will be (a) 637A (b)10.A (c) 204 (@) 404. A 1-phase VSI is feeding a purely inductive load L = 0.1 Has shown in Fig, C88, The inverter is operated at 50 Hz in 180° square wave mode. Assume that the lead current does not have any de component. For de source voltage of 2 oe oltage of 200 V. : f fundamental inductor current in L will be " Teed (a) 5.783 A (by 70TA A single-phase inverter is operated in PWM mode generating a single pulse of width 2d in the centre af | each half cycle as shown in Fig, C89 It is found that the output voltage ino free from 5th harmonic for pubic x oa width 144°. What will be the - v _— percentage of 3rd harmonic present toa () B06 A () WAAprenoix C—Opsecrive Type Questions oa (a) 0.0% (b) 19.6% (c) 31.7% (d) 58.9%. (GATE, 2006) A 1-phase voltage source invert : ource inverter is controlled in a single-pulse width modulated mode with a pulse width 2d ~ 150° in each half eyele as shown in Fig. C89.'The THD of output ac voltage waveform is . (a) 65.65% (b) 48.42% (©) 31.83% (d) 30.49%. GATE, 2007 66. A three-phase VSI is operated in 180° conduction mode. Which one of the following: statement is true ? (a) Both pole-voltage and line-voltage will have 3rd harmonic components (6) Pole-voltage will have 3rd harmonic components but line-voltage will be free from 3rd harmonic (c) Line-voltage will have 3rd harmonic component but pole-voltage will be free from 3rd harmonic (d) Both pole-voltage and line-voltage will be free from 3rd harmonic components (GATE, 2008 67. The current source inverter, shown in Fig. €8.10 is operated by alternately turning on thyristor pairs T1, T2 and T3, T4. If the load is purely resistive, the theoretical maximum output frequency obtainable will be oe (a) 125 kHz | (b) 260 kHz (c) 500 kHz 0.1 pF Vv ) 14 OF , (d) 50 kHz. FP 68. For a single-phase series inverter Fig. €8.10 1. maximum output frequency is less than the circuit ringing frequency 2, output frequency depends upon L and C only and no on R 3. commutating components carry the load current ‘L. source current flows during positive half cycle only From these, the correct statements are (a) 2and 4 (c) 1,2and 4 69. If V, and V, are the amplitudes of reference and cont modulation index MI is given by (b) 2,3 and 4 (d)1, 3 and 4. rol (or carrier) signals, then ¥, my, c Ve. (d) Ww Vv. @ > fe)Power ELectronics Cre 180° mode, rms SC! load. For 70. A 3-phase bridge inverter fe¢ a star-connected to he current is 10 A. For 120° mode, rms SCR curren! (6) 15 A (a) 10A )8.165 A (c) 8.66 A d V. an : 7 d by a constant voltage source V, 7 38, ) shows a 3-phase inverter fed by A : ie ail nip alanced TPsiative load at the output re ie levice ma conduct for 120° or for 180°, The waveform shown in Fig. . Fig. (8.11 a) line voltage with 120° firing (b) load phase voltage with 120° firing (c) line voltage with 180° firing (d) load phase voltage with 180° firing (LA.S., 200: 1 2 4. (a) 5. (b) 6. a. (a 8. lc . (a) 11. @) 12. 13. 14. (c) . (b) 17. (d) 18. 19. 20.) . (b) 23. (a) 24. 25. 4 26. (d) . (b) 29. (c) 30. a . (d) 35. (a) 36. an i (dl) 41. (@) 42. 49. (by 50.) a i a ae “ 5B. (c) 56, (a on ae So oh ) 57. (d) 5B. (a) 59. (a) 60. 61. (a) 62.) 6B. ey 64, (e) ‘: 67. (a) 68.) 69, (h) 20. () ° ] + (a). ee Teens